Provided by: libpmemobj-dev_1.13.1-1.1ubuntu2_amd64 bug

NAME

       pmemobj_alloc(),        pmemobj_xalloc(),       pmemobj_zalloc(),       pmemobj_realloc(),
       pmemobj_zrealloc(),   pmemobj_strdup(),   pmemobj_wcsdup(),   pmemobj_alloc_usable_size(),
       pmemobj_defrag(),  POBJ_NEW(),  POBJ_ALLOC(),  POBJ_ZNEW(), POBJ_ZALLOC(), POBJ_REALLOC(),
       POBJ_ZREALLOC(), POBJ_FREE() - non-transactional atomic allocations

SYNOPSIS

              #include <libpmemobj.h>

              typedef int (*pmemobj_constr)(**PMEMobjpool *pop, void *ptr, void *arg);
              int pmemobj_alloc(PMEMobjpool *pop, PMEMoid *oidp, size_t size,
                  uint64_t type_num, pmemobj_constr constructor, void *arg);
              int pmemobj_xalloc(PMEMobjpool *pop, PMEMoid *oidp, size_t size,
                  uint64_t type_num, uint64_t flags, pmemobj_constr constructor,
                  void *arg); (EXPERIMENTAL)
              int pmemobj_zalloc(PMEMobjpool *pop, PMEMoid *oidp, size_t size,
                  uint64_t type_num);
              void pmemobj_free(PMEMoid *oidp);
              int pmemobj_realloc(PMEMobjpool *pop, PMEMoid *oidp, size_t size,
                  uint64_t type_num);
              int pmemobj_zrealloc(PMEMobjpool *pop, PMEMoid *oidp, size_t size,
                  uint64_t type_num);
              int pmemobj_strdup(PMEMobjpool *pop, PMEMoid *oidp, const char *s,
                  uint64_t type_num);
              int pmemobj_wcsdup(PMEMobjpool *pop, PMEMoid *oidp, const wchar_t *s,
                  uint64_t type_num);
              size_t pmemobj_alloc_usable_size(PMEMoid oid);
              int pmemobj_defrag(PMEMobjpool *pop, PMEMoid **oidv, size_t oidcnt,
                  struct pobj_defrag_result *result);

              POBJ_NEW(PMEMobjpool *pop, TOID *oidp, TYPE, pmemobj_constr constructor,
                  void *arg)
              POBJ_ALLOC(PMEMobjpool *pop, TOID *oidp, TYPE, size_t size,
                  pmemobj_constr constructor, void *arg)
              POBJ_ZNEW(PMEMobjpool *pop, TOID *oidp, TYPE)
              POBJ_ZALLOC(PMEMobjpool *pop, TOID *oidp, TYPE, size_t size)
              POBJ_REALLOC(PMEMobjpool *pop, TOID *oidp, TYPE, size_t size)
              POBJ_ZREALLOC(PMEMobjpool *pop, TOID *oidp, TYPE, size_t size)
              POBJ_FREE(TOID *oidp)

DESCRIPTION

       Functions described in this document provide the mechanism to allocate,  resize  and  free
       objects  from  the  persistent memory pool in a thread-safe and fail-safe manner.  All the
       routines are atomic with respect to other threads and any  power-fail  interruptions.   If
       any  of  these operations is torn by program failure or system crash, on recovery they are
       guaranteed to be entirely completed or discarded, leaving the persistent memory  heap  and
       internal object containers in a consistent state.

       All  these  functions  should  be  used  outside transactions.  If executed within an open
       transaction they are considered durable immediately after completion.  Changes  made  with
       these  functions  will  not  be  rolled back if the transaction is aborted or interrupted.
       They have no information about other changes made by transactional API,  so  if  the  same
       data  is  modified  in a single transaction using transactional and then non-transactional
       API, transaction abort will likely corrupt the data.

       The allocations are always aligned to a cache-line boundary.

       The pmemobj_constr type represents a constructor for atomic allocation from the persistent
       memory  heap  associated  with  memory pool pop.  ptr is a pointer to the allocated memory
       area and arg is a user-defined argument passed to the constructor.

       The pmemobj_alloc() function allocates a  new  object  from  the  persistent  memory  heap
       associated  with  memory pool pop.  The PMEMoid of the allocated object is stored in oidp.
       If oidp is NULL, then the newly allocated object may be accessed only by iterating objects
       in  the  object  container  associated  with  the  type  number  type_num, as described in
       POBJ_FOREACH(3).  If oidp points to a memory location  from  the  pmemobj  heap,  oidp  is
       modified  atomically.   Before  returning, pmemobj_alloc() calls the constructor function,
       passing the pool handle pop, the pointer to the newly allocated object in ptr, and the arg
       argument.   It  is guaranteed that the allocated object is either properly initialized, or
       if the allocation is interrupted  before  the  constructor  completes,  the  memory  space
       reserved  for  the  object  is reclaimed.  size can be any non-zero value; however, due to
       internal padding and object metadata, the actual size of the allocation will  differ  from
       the  requested  size  by at least 64 bytes.  For this reason, making allocations of a size
       less than 64 bytes is extremely inefficient and  discouraged.   The  allocated  object  is
       added to the internal container associated with type_num.

       pmemobj_xalloc()  is  equivalent to pmemobj_alloc(), but with an additional flags argument
       that is a bitmask of the following values:

       • POBJ_XALLOC_ZERO - zero the allocated object (equivalent of pmemobj_zalloc())

       • POBJ_CLASS_ID(class_id) - allocate an object from the allocation  class  class_id.   The
         class id cannot be 0.

       • POBJ_ARENA_ID(arena_id)  - allocate an object from the arena specified by arena_id.  The
         arena must exist, otherwise, the behavior is undefined.  If arena_id is  equal  0,  then
         arena assigned to the current thread will be used.

       The  pmemobj_zalloc()  function  allocates  a new zeroed object from the persistent memory
       heap associated with memory pool pop.  The PMEMoid of the allocated object  is  stored  in
       oidp.   If oidp is NULL, then the newly allocated object may be accessed only by iterating
       objects in the object container associated with the type number type_num, as described  in
       POBJ_FOREACH(3).   If  oidp  points  to  a  memory location from the pmemobj heap, oidp is
       modified atomically.  size can be any non-zero value; however, due to internal padding and
       object  metadata,  the actual size of the allocation will differ from the requested one by
       at least 64 bytes.  For this reason, making allocations of a size less than  64  bytes  is
       extremely  inefficient  and  discouraged.   The  allocated object is added to the internal
       container associated with type_num.

       The pmemobj_free() function frees the memory space represented by oidp,  which  must  have
       been  allocated by a previous call to pmemobj_alloc(), pmemobj_xalloc(), pmemobj_zalloc(),
       pmemobj_realloc(), or pmemobj_zrealloc().  pmemobj_free() provides the same  semantics  as
       free(3),  but instead of operating on the process heap supplied by the system, it operates
       on the persistent memory heap.  If oidp is OID_NULL, no operation is performed.   If  oidp
       is  NULL  or  if  it  points  to  the root object’s OID, the behavior of pmemobj_free() is
       undefined.  oidp is set to OID_NULL after the memory is freed.  If oidp points to a memory
       location from the pmemobj heap, oidp is modified atomically.

       The  pmemobj_realloc() function changes the size of the object represented by oidp to size
       bytes.  pmemobj_realloc() provides similar semantics to realloc(3), but  operates  on  the
       persistent  memory heap associated with memory pool pop.  The resized object is also added
       or moved to the internal container associated with type  number  type_num.   The  contents
       will  be  unchanged in the range from the start of the region up to the minimum of the old
       and new sizes.  If the new size is larger than the old size, the added memory will not  be
       initialized.  If oidp is OID_NULL, then the call is equivalent to pmemobj_alloc(pop, size,
       type_num).  If size is equal to  zero,  and  oidp  is  not  OID_NULL,  then  the  call  is
       equivalent  to pmemobj_free(oid).  Unless oidp is OID_NULL, it must have been allocated by
       an earlier call to pmemobj_alloc(), pmemobj_xalloc(), pmemobj_zalloc(), pmemobj_realloc(),
       or  pmemobj_zrealloc().   Note  that  the  object  handle  value may change as a result of
       reallocation.  If the object was moved, the memory space represented by oid is  reclaimed.
       If  oidp  points  to a memory location from the pmemobj heap, oidp is modified atomically.
       If  oidp  is  NULL  or  if  it  points  to  the  root  object’s  OID,  the   behavior   of
       pmemobj_realloc() is undefined.

       pmemobj_zrealloc()  is  equivalent  to  pmemobj_realloc(),  except that if the new size is
       larger than the old size, the added memory will be zeroed.

       The pmemobj_strdup() function stores a handle to a new object in oidp which is a duplicate
       of  the string s.  pmemobj_strdup() provides the same semantics as strdup(3), but operates
       on the persistent memory heap associated with memory pool pop.  If oidp is NULL, then  the
       newly  allocated  object may be accessed only by iterating objects in the object container
       associated with type number type_num, as described in POBJ_FOREACH(3).  If oidp points  to
       a  memory  location  from  the  pmemobj  heap, oidp is modified atomically.  The allocated
       string object is also  added  to  the  internal  container  associated  with  type  number
       type_num.  Memory for the new string is obtained with pmemobj_alloc(), on the given memory
       pool, and can be freed with pmemobj_free() on the same memory pool.

       pmemobj_wcsdup() is equivalent to pmemobj_strdup(),  but  operates  on  a  wide  character
       string (wchar_t) rather than a standard character string.

       The    pmemobj_alloc_usable_size()    function    provides    the    same   semantics   as
       malloc_usable_size(3), but instead of the process heap supplied by the system, it operates
       on the persistent memory heap.

       The  POBJ_NEW() macro is a wrapper around the pmemobj_alloc() function.  Instead of taking
       a pointer to PMEMoid, it takes a pointer to the typed OID of type name  TYPE,  and  passes
       the size and type number from the typed OID to pmemobj_alloc().

       The POBJ_ALLOC() macro is equivalent to POBJ_NEW, except that instead of using the size of
       the typed OID, passes size to pmemobj_alloc().

       The POBJ_ZNEW() macro is a wrapper  around  the  pmemobj_zalloc()  function.   Instead  of
       taking  a  pointer  to PMEMoid, it takes a pointer to the typed OID of type name TYPE, and
       passes the size and type number from the typed OID to pmemobj_zalloc().

       The POBJ_ZALLOC() macro is equivalent to POBJ_ZNEW, except that instead of using the  size
       of the typed OID, passes size to pmemobj_zalloc().

       The  POBJ_REALLOC()  macro is a wrapper around the pmemobj_realloc() function.  Instead of
       taking a pointer to PMEMoid, it takes a pointer to the typed OID of type  name  TYPE,  and
       passes the type number from the typed OID to pmemobj_realloc().

       The POBJ_ZREALLOC() macro is a wrapper around the pmemobj_zrealloc() function.  Instead of
       taking a pointer to PMEMoid, it takes a pointer to the typed OID of type  name  TYPE,  and
       passes the type number from the typed OID to pmemobj_zrealloc().

       The  POBJ_FREE()  macro  is  a  wrapper  around  the pmemobj_free() function which takes a
       pointer to the typed OID instead of to PMEMoid.

       The pmemobj_defrag() function performs defragmentation on the objects provided through the
       array of pointers to PMEMoids oidv with size oidcnt.  If an object from the provided array
       is selected to be moved to a new location in the heap, it is reallocated and all  provided
       pointers  to  that object are atomically updated.  To maintain data structure consistency,
       applications should always provide all pointers for an object  to  pmemobj_defrag  method.
       This  ensures  that,  even  in  the  presence of failures, all pointers to the object will
       either point to the old or a new location.  All objects and  pointers  to  objects  should
       belong  to  the  pool  pop  or,  in  case of pointers, can also reside in volatile memory.
       Defragmentation across pools is not supported.  Objects in the array that are OID_NULL are
       skipped  over  and  no  operation  is performed on them.  All other objects must have been
       allocated by an  earlier  call  to  pmemobj_alloc(),  pmemobj_xalloc(),  pmemobj_zalloc(),
       pmemobj_realloc(),  pmemobj_zrealloc(),  pmemobj_strdup() or pmemobj_wcsdup().  The result
       variable is an instance of struct pobj_defrag_result and, if not NULL, can be used to read
       total,  the  number  of  objects  found  that were processed, and relocated, the number of
       objects  that  were  relocated  during  defragmentation.   These  variables   are   always
       initialized  and can be non-zero, even if the return value of pmemobj_defrag() indicated a
       failure.  This is because the failure might have occurred after some objects were  already
       processed.

RETURN VALUE

       On success, pmemobj_alloc() and pmemobj_xalloc return 0.  If oidp is not NULL, the PMEMoid
       of the newly allocated object is stored in oidp.  If the allocation fails, -1 is  returned
       and  errno  is  set  appropriately.   If  the  constructor  returns  a non-zero value, the
       allocation is canceled, -1 is returned, and errno is set to ECANCELED.  If size equals  0,
       or  the  flags for pmemobj_xalloc are invalid, -1 is returned, errno is set to EINVAL, and
       oidp is left untouched.

       On success, pmemobj_zalloc() returns 0.  If oidp is not NULL, the  PMEMoid  of  the  newly
       allocated object is stored in oidp.  If the allocation fails, it returns -1 and sets errno
       appropriately.  If size equals 0, it returns -1, sets errno to  EINVAL,  and  leaves  oidp
       untouched.

       The pmemobj_free() function returns no value.

       On  success,  pmemobj_realloc()  and  pmemobj_zrealloc()  return  0  and  update  oidp  if
       necessary.  On error, they return -1 and set errno appropriately.

       On success, pmemobj_strdup() and pmemobj_wcsdup() return 0.  If  oidp  is  not  NULL,  the
       PMEMoid  of the duplicated string object is stored in oidp.  If s is NULL, they return -1,
       set errno to EINVAL, and leave oidp untouched.  On other errors, they return  -1  and  set
       errno appropriately.

       The  pmemobj_alloc_usable_size() function returns the number of usable bytes in the object
       represented by oid.  If oid is OID_NULL, it returns 0.

       On success, pmemobj_defrag() returns 0.   If  defragmentation  was  unsuccessful  or  only
       partially successful (i.e. if it was aborted halfway through due to lack of resources), -1
       is returned.

SEE ALSO

       free(3),   POBJ_FOREACH(3),   realloc(3),   strdup(3),   wcsdup(3),   libpmemobj(7)    and
       <https://pmem.io>