Provided by: libstrictures-perl_2.000006-1_all bug

NAME

       strictures - Turn on strict and make most warnings fatal

SYNOPSIS

         use strictures 2;

       is equivalent to

         use strict;
         use warnings FATAL => 'all';
         use warnings NONFATAL => qw(
           exec
           recursion
           internal
           malloc
           newline
           experimental
           deprecated
           portable
         );
         no warnings 'once';

       except when called from a file which matches:

         (caller)[1] =~ /^(?:t|xt|lib|blib)[\\\/]/

       and when either ".git", ".svn", ".hg", or ".bzr" is present in the current directory (with
       the intention of only forcing extra tests on the author side) -- or when ".git", ".svn",
       ".hg", or ".bzr" is present two directories up along with "dist.ini" (which would indicate
       we are in a "dzil test" operation, via Dist::Zilla) -- or when the "PERL_STRICTURES_EXTRA"
       environment variable is set, in which case it also does the equivalent of

         no indirect 'fatal';
         no multidimensional;
         no bareword::filehandles;

       Note that "PERL_STRICTURES_EXTRA" may at some point add even more tests, with only a minor
       version increase, but any changes to the effect of "use strictures" in normal mode will
       involve a major version bump.

       If any of the extra testing modules are not present, strictures will complain loudly,
       once, via "warn()", and then shut up. But you really should consider installing them,
       they're all great anti-footgun tools.

DESCRIPTION

       I've been writing the equivalent of this module at the top of my code for about a year
       now. I figured it was time to make it shorter.

       Things like the importer in "use Moose" don't help me because they turn warnings on but
       don't make them fatal -- which from my point of view is useless because I want an
       exception to tell me my code isn't warnings-clean.

       Any time I see a warning from my code, that indicates a mistake.

       Any time my code encounters a mistake, I want a crash -- not spew to STDERR and then
       unknown (and probably undesired) subsequent behaviour.

       I also want to ensure that obvious coding mistakes, like indirect object syntax (and not
       so obvious mistakes that cause things to accidentally compile as such) get caught, but not
       at the cost of an XS dependency and not at the cost of blowing things up on another
       machine.

       Therefore, strictures turns on additional checking, but only when it thinks it's running
       in a test file in a VCS checkout -- although if this causes undesired behaviour this can
       be overridden by setting the "PERL_STRICTURES_EXTRA" environment variable.

       If additional useful author side checks come to mind, I'll add them to the
       "PERL_STRICTURES_EXTRA" code path only -- this will result in a minor version increase
       (e.g. 1.000000 to 1.001000 (1.1.0) or similar). Any fixes only to the mechanism of this
       code will result in a sub-version increase (e.g. 1.000000 to 1.000001 (1.0.1)).

CATEGORY SELECTIONS

       strictures does not enable fatal warnings for all categories.

       exec
           Includes a warning that can cause your program to continue running unintentionally
           after an internal fork.  Not safe to fatalize.

       recursion
           Infinite recursion will end up overflowing the stack eventually anyway.

       internal
           Triggers deep within perl, in places that are not safe to trap.

       malloc
           Triggers deep within perl, in places that are not safe to trap.

       newline
           Includes a warning for using stat on a valid but suspect filename, ending in a
           newline.

       experimental
           Experimental features are used intentionally.

       deprecated
           Deprecations will inherently be added to in the future in unexpected ways, so making
           them fatal won't be reliable.

       portable
           Doesn't indicate an actual problem with the program, only that it may not behave
           properly if run on a different machine.

       once
           Can't be fatalized.  Also triggers very inconsistently, so we just disable it.

VERSIONS

       Depending on the version of strictures requested, different warnings will be enabled.  If
       no specific version is requested, the current version's behavior will be used.  Versions
       can be requested using perl's standard mechanism:

         use strictures 2;

       Or, by passing in a "version" option:

         use strictures version => 2;

   VERSION 2
       Equivalent to:

         use strict;
         use warnings FATAL => 'all';
         use warnings NONFATAL => qw(
           exec
           recursion
           internal
           malloc
           newline
           experimental
           deprecated
           portable
         );
         no warnings 'once';

         # and if in dev mode:
         no indirect 'fatal';
         no multidimensional;
         no bareword::filehandles;

       Additionally, any warnings created by modules using warnings::register or
       "warnings::register_categories()" will not be fatalized.

   VERSION 1
       Equivalent to:

         use strict;
         use warnings FATAL => 'all';
         # and if in dev mode:
         no indirect 'fatal';
         no multidimensional;
         no bareword::filehandles;

METHODS

   import
       This method does the setup work described above in "DESCRIPTION".  Optionally accepts a
       "version" option to request a specific version's behavior.

   VERSION
       This method traps the "strictures->VERSION(1)" call produced by a use line with a version
       number on it and does the version check.

EXTRA TESTING RATIONALE

       Every so often, somebody complains that they're deploying via "git pull" and that they
       don't want strictures to enable itself in this case -- and that setting
       "PERL_STRICTURES_EXTRA" to 0 isn't acceptable (additional ways to disable extra testing
       would be welcome but the discussion never seems to get that far).

       In order to allow us to skip a couple of stages and get straight to a productive
       conversation, here's my current rationale for turning the extra testing on via a
       heuristic:

       The extra testing is all stuff that only ever blows up at compile time; this is
       intentional. So the oft-raised concern that it's different code being tested is only sort
       of the case -- none of the modules involved affect the final optree to my knowledge, so
       the author gets some additional compile time crashes which he/she then fixes, and the rest
       of the testing is completely valid for all environments.

       The point of the extra testing -- especially "no indirect" -- is to catch mistakes that
       newbie users won't even realise are mistakes without help. For example,

         foo { ... };

       where foo is an & prototyped sub that you forgot to import -- this is pernicious to track
       down since all seems fine until it gets called and you get a crash. Worse still, you can
       fail to have imported it due to a circular require, at which point you have a load order
       dependent bug which I've seen before now only show up in production due to tiny
       differences between the production and the development environment. I wrote
       <http://shadow.cat/blog/matt-s-trout/indirect-but-still-fatal/> to explain this particular
       problem before strictures itself existed.

       As such, in my experience so far strictures' extra testing has avoided production versus
       development differences, not caused them.

       Additionally, strictures' policy is very much "try and provide as much protection as
       possible for newbies -- who won't think about whether there's an option to turn on or not"
       -- so having only the environment variable is not sufficient to achieve that (I get to
       explain that you need to add "use strict" at least once a week on freenode #perl --
       newbies sometimes completely skip steps because they don't understand that that step is
       important).

       I make no claims that the heuristic is perfect -- it's already been evolved significantly
       over time, especially for 1.004 where we changed things to ensure it only fires on files
       in your checkout (rather than strictures-using modules you happened to have installed,
       which was just silly). However, I hope the above clarifies why a heuristic approach is not
       only necessary but desirable from a point of view of providing new users with as much
       safety as possible, and will allow any future discussion on the subject to focus on "how
       do we minimise annoyance to people deploying from checkouts intentionally".

SEE ALSO

       •   indirect

       •   multidimensional

       •   bareword::filehandles

COMMUNITY AND SUPPORT

   IRC channel
       irc.perl.org #toolchain

       (or bug 'mst' in query on there or freenode)

   Git repository
       Gitweb is on http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/ and the clone URL is:

         git clone git://git.shadowcat.co.uk/p5sagit/strictures.git

       The web interface to the repository is at:

         http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=p5sagit/strictures.git

AUTHOR

       mst - Matt S. Trout (cpan:MSTROUT) <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>

CONTRIBUTORS

       Karen Etheridge (cpan:ETHER) <ether@cpan.org>

       Mithaldu - Christian Walde (cpan:MITHALDU) <walde.christian@gmail.com>

       haarg - Graham Knop (cpan:HAARG) <haarg@haarg.org>

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (c) 2010 the strictures "AUTHOR" and "CONTRIBUTORS" as listed above.

LICENSE

       This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms as perl itself.