Provided by: aircrack-ng_1.7+git20230807.4bf83f1a-1build2_amd64 bug

NAME

       airodump-ng - a wireless packet capture tool for aircrack-ng

SYNOPSIS

       airodump-ng [options] <interface name>[,<interface name>,...]

DESCRIPTION

       airodump-ng is used for packet capturing of raw 802.11 frames for the intent of using them
       with aircrack-ng. If you have a GPS receiver connected to  the  computer,  airodump-ng  is
       capable  of  logging the coordinates of the found access points. Additionally, airodump-ng
       writes out a text file containing the details of all access points and clients seen.

OPTIONS

       -H, --help
              Shows the help screen.

       -i, --ivs
              It only saves IVs (only useful for cracking). If this option is specified, you have
              to give a dump prefix (--write option)

       -g, --gpsd
              Indicate that airodump-ng should try to use GPSd to get coordinates.

       -w <prefix>, --write <prefix>
              Is the dump file prefix to use. If this option is not given, it will only show data
              on the screen. Beside this file a CSV file with the same filename  as  the  capture
              will be created.

       -e, --beacons
              It will record all beacons into the cap file. By default it only records one beacon
              for each network.

       -u <secs>, --update <secs>
              Delay <secs> seconds delay between display updates (default: 1 second). Useful  for
              slow CPU.

       -A, --showack
              Prints   ACK/CTS/RTS   statistics.   Helps   in  debugging  and  general  injection
              optimization. It is indication if you inject, inject too fast, reach  the  AP,  the
              frames  are  valid  encrypted frames. Allows one to detect "hidden" stations, which
              are too far away to capture high bitrate frames, as ACK frames are sent at 1Mbps.

       -h     Hides known stations for --showack.

       -f <msecs>
              Time in milliseconds between hopping channels.

       -B <secs>, --berlin <secs>
              Time before removing the AP/client from the screen when no more frames are received
              (Default:  120  seconds). See airodump-ng source for the history behind this option
              ;).

       -c <channel>[,<channel>[,...]], --channel <channel>[,<channel>[,...]]
              Indicate the channel(s) to listen to. By default airodump-ng  hops  on  all  2.4GHz
              channels.

       -O, --ignore-other-chans
              Ignore access points on channels other than the selected one(s). Requires --channel
              (or -c).

       -C <freq>[,<freq>[,...]]
              Indicates the frequencies to listen to. By default airodump-ng hops on  all  2.4GHz
              channels.

       -b <abg>, --band <abg>
              Indicate  the band on which airodump-ng should hop. It can be a combination of 'a',
              'b' and 'g' letters ('b' and 'g' uses 2.4GHz and 'a' uses 5GHz). Incompatible  with
              --channel option.

       -s <method>, --cswitch <method>
              Defines  the way airodump-ng sets the channels when using more than one card. Valid
              values: 0 (FIFO, default value), 1 (Round Robin) or 2 (Hop on last).

       -2, --ht20
              Set the channel to be in HT20 (802.11n).

       -3, --ht40+
              Set the channel to be in HT40+ (802.11n). It requires the frequency 20MHz above  to
              be  available  (4  channels  above) and thus some channels are not usable in HT40+.
              Only channels up to 7 are available in HT40+ in the US (and 9 in most of Europe).

       -5, --ht40-
              Set the channel to be in HT40- (802.11n). It requires the frequency 20MHz below  to
              be  available (4 channels be)low and thus some channels are not usable in HT40-. In
              2.4GHz, HT40- channels start at channel 5.

       -r <file>
              Reads packet from a file.

       -T, --real-time
              While reading frames from a file specified with '-r <file>', simulate  the  arrival
              rate of them, as if they were "live".

       -x <msecs>
              Active Scanning Simulation (send probe requests and parse the probe responses).

       -M, --manufacturer
              Display a manufacturer column with the information obtained from the IEEE OUI list.
              See airodump-ng-oui-update(8)

       -U, --uptime
              Display APs uptime obtained from its beacon timestamp.

       -W, --wps
              Display a WPS column with WPS version, config method(s), AP Setup  Locked  obtained
              from APs beacon or probe response (if any).

       -o <formats>, --output-format <formats>
              Define  the  formats to use (separated by a comma). Possible values are: pcap, ivs,
              csv, gps, kismet, netxml. The  default  values  are:  pcap,  csv,  kismet,  kismet-
              newcore.  'pcap' is for recording a capture in pcap format, 'ivs' is for ivs format
              (it is a shortcut for --ivs). 'csv' will create an airodump-ng CSV  file,  'kismet'
              will  create  a  kismet csv file and 'kismet-newcore' will create the kismet netxml
              file. 'gps' is a shortcut for --gps.
              These values can be combined with the exception of ivs and pcap.

       -I <seconds>, --write-interval <seconds>
              Output file(s) write interval for CSV, Kismet CSV  and  Kismet  NetXML  in  seconds
              (minimum:  1  second). By default: 5 seconds. Note that an interval too small might
              slow down airodump-ng.

       -K <enable>, --background <enable>
              Override automatic background detection. Use "0" to force foreground  settings  and
              "1"  to force background settings. It will not make airodump-ng run as a daemon, it
              will skip background autodetection and force enable/disable of interactive mode and
              display updates.

       --ignore-negative-one
              Removes the message that says 'fixed channel <interface>: -1'.

       Filter options:

       -t <OPN|WEP|WPA|WPA1|WPA2|WPA3|OWE>, --encrypt <OPN|WEP|WPA|WPA1|WPA2|WPA3|OWE>
              It  will  only  show  networks  matching  the  given encryption. Note that WPA is a
              shortcut for WPA1, WPA2 and WPA3. May be specified more than once: '-t OPN -t WPA2'

       -d <bssid>, --bssid <bssid>
              It will only show networks, matching the given bssid. May be  specified  more  than
              once: '-d 0D:F7:E2:61:C6:6D -d 5B:62:A1:83:00:A8'

       -m <mask>, --netmask <mask>
              It  will  only  show networks, matching the given bssid ^ netmask combination. Need
              --bssid (or -d) to be specified.

       -a     It will only show associated stations. Using in combination with -z  won't  display
              any of the stations.

       -z     It will only show unassociated stations. Using in combination with -a won't display
              any of the stations.

       -n <int>, --min-packets <int>
              The minimum number of packets received by  an  AP  before  displaying  it.  Default
              value: 2.

       -p <int>, --min-power <int>
              Filter out APs with PWR less than the specified value (default value: -120).

       -q <int>, --min-rxq <int>
              Filter  out  APs  with  RXQ less than the specified value (default value: 0). Valid
              range: 0..100. Requires --channel (or -c) or -C.

       -N <essid>, --essid <essid>
              Filter APs by ESSID. May be specified more than once: '-N AP1 -N AP2'

       -R <regex>, --essid-regex <regex>
              Filter APs by ESSID using a regular expression.

INTERACTION

       airodump-ng can receive and interpret  key  strokes  while  running.  The  following  list
       describes the currently assigned keys and supposed actions:

       a      Select  active  areas by cycling through these display options: AP+STA; AP+STA+ACK;
              AP only; STA only

       d      Reset sorting to defaults (Power)

       i      Invert sorting algorithm

       m      Mark the selected AP or cycle through  different  colors  if  the  selected  AP  is
              already marked

       o      Enable colored display of APs and their stations.

       p      Disable colored display.

       q      Quit program.

       r      (De-)Activate  realtime  sorting - applies sorting algorithm every time the display
              will be redrawn

       s      Change column to sort by, which currently includes: First seen; BSSID;  PWR  level;
              Beacons;  Data packets; Packet rate; Channel; Max. data rate; Encryption; Strongest
              Ciphersuite; Strongest Authentication; ESSID

       SPACE  Pause display redrawing/ Resume redrawing

       TAB    Enable/Disable scrolling through AP list

       UP     Select the AP prior to the currently marked AP in the displayed list if available

       DOWN   Select the AP after the currently marked AP if available

       If an AP is selected or marked, all the connected stations will also be selected or marked
       with the same color as the corresponding Access Point.

EXAMPLES

       airodump-ng -c 9 wlan0mon

       Here is an example screenshot:

       -----------------------------------------------------------------------
       CH   9  ][  Elapsed:  1  min ][ 2007-04-26 17:41 ][ BAT: 2 hours 10 mins ][ WPA handshake:
       00:14:6C:7E:40:80

       BSSID              PWR RXQ  Beacons    #Data, #/s  CH  MB  ENC  CIPHER AUTH ESSID

       00:09:5B:1C:AA:1D   11  16       10        0    0  11  54. OPN              <length: 7>
       00:14:6C:7A:41:81   34 100       57       14    1   9  11  WEP  WEP         bigbear
       00:14:6C:7E:40:80   32 100      752       73    2   9  54  WPA  TKIP   PSK  teddy

       BSSID              STATION            PWR   Rate   Lost   Frames  Notes  Probes

       00:14:6C:7A:41:81  00:0F:B5:32:31:31   51   11-11     2       14         bigbear
       (not associated)   00:14:A4:3F:8D:13   19   11-11     0        4         mossy
       00:14:6C:7A:41:81  00:0C:41:52:D1:D1   -1    11-2     0        5         bigbear
       00:14:6C:7E:40:80  00:0F:B5:FD:FB:C2   35   36-24     0       99         teddy
       -----------------------------------------------------------------------

       BSSID  MAC address of  the  access  point.  In  the  Client  section,  a  BSSID  of  "(not
              associated)"  means  that  the  client  is  not  associated  with  any  AP. In this
              unassociated state, it is searching for an AP to connect with.

       PWR    Signal level reported by the  Wi-Fi  adapter.  Its  signification  depends  on  the
              driver,  but as you get closer to the AP or the station, the signal gets higher. It
              usually                      is                      the                       RSSI
              (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_signal_strength_indication).  If  the BSSID
              PWR is -1, then the driver doesn't support signal level reporting. If PWR is -1 for
              some  access points, it means the access point is out of range, however airodump-ng
              got at least a frame sent to it. If the PWR is -1 for a limited number of  stations
              then  this  is  for  a  packet  which came from the AP to the client but the client
              transmissions are out of range for your Wi-Fi adapter. Meaning you are hearing only
              1/2  of the communication. If all clients have PWR as -1 then it is likely that the
              driver doesn't support signal level reporting. A strong signal is  around  -40.  An
              average  one  is around -55, and a weak one starts around -70. Wi-Fi adapters lower
              limit (aka receive sensitivity) is often around -80/-90.

       RXQ    Only shown when on a fixed channel. Receive Quality as measured by  the  percentage
              of  frames  (management  and  data  frames)  successfully received over the last 10
              seconds. It's measured over all management and data frames. That's the  clue,  this
              allows  you to read more things out of this value. Lets say you got 100 percent RXQ
              and all 10 (or whatever the rate) beacons per second coming in. Now all of a sudden
              the  RXQ drops below 90, but you still capture all sent beacons. Thus you know that
              the AP is sending frames to a client but you can't  hear  the  client  nor  the  AP
              sending  to the client (need to get closer). Another thing would be, that you got a
              11MB card to monitor and capture frames (say a prism2.5) and you have a  very  good
              position  to  the  AP. The AP is set to 54MBit and then again the RXQ drops, so you
              know that there is at least one 54MBit client connected to the AP.

       Beacons
              Number of beacons sent by the AP. Each access point sends  about  ten  beacons  per
              second at the lowest rate (1M), so they can usually be picked up from very far.

       #Data  Number of captured data packets (if WEP, unique IV count), including data broadcast
              packets.

       #/s    Number of data packets per second measure over the last 10 seconds.

       CH     Channel number (taken from  beacon  frames).  Note:  sometimes  frames  from  other
              channels  are  captured  even  if  airodump-ng  is  not  hopping,  because of radio
              interference.

       MB     Maximum speed supported by the AP. If MB = 11,  it's  802.11b,  if  MB  =  22  it's
              802.11b+  and  higher  rates  are 802.11g. The dot (after 54 above) indicates short
              preamble is supported. 'e' indicates that the network has QoS (802.11e) enabled.

       ENC    Encryption algorithm in use. OPN = no encryption,"WEP?" = WEP or higher (not enough
              data to choose between WEP and WPA/WPA2), WEP (without the question mark) indicates
              static or dynamic WEP, and WPA or WPA2 if TKIP or CCMP or MGT is present.

       CIPHER The cipher detected. One of CCMP, WRAP, TKIP, WEP, WEP40, or WEP104. Not mandatory,
              but  TKIP is typically used with WPA and CCMP is typically used with WPA2. WEP40 is
              displayed when the key index is greater than 0. The standard states that the  index
              can be 0-3 for 40bit and should be 0 for 104 bit.

       AUTH   The   authentication   protocol  used.  One  of  MGT  (WPA/WPA2  using  a  separate
              authentication  server),  SKA  (shared  key  for  WEP),  PSK  (pre-shared  key  for
              WPA/WPA2), or OPN (open for WEP).

       WPS    This is only displayed when --wps (or -W) is specified. If the AP supports WPS, the
              first field of the column indicates version supported. The second  field  indicates
              WPS  config  methods  (can  be more than one method, separated by comma): USB = USB
              method, ETHER = Ethernet, LAB = Label, DISP  =  Display,  EXTNFC  =  External  NFC,
              INTNFC  = Internal NFC, NFCINTF = NFC Interface, PBC = Push Button, KPAD =  Keypad.
              Locked is displayed when AP setup is locked.

       ESSID  The so-called "SSID", which can be empty if SSID hiding is activated. In this case,
              airodump-ng  will  try  to  recover  the  SSID from probe responses and association
              requests.

       STATION
              MAC address of each associated station or stations searching for an AP  to  connect
              with.  Clients  not  currently  associated  with  an  AP  have  a  BSSID  of  "(not
              associated)".

       Rate   This is only displayed when using a single channel. The first number  is  the  last
              data  rate  from  the  AP (BSSID) to the Client (STATION). The second number is the
              last data rate from Client (STATION) to the AP (BSSID).

       Lost   It means lost frames coming from the client. To  determine  the  number  of  frames
              lost, there is a sequence field on every non-control frame, so you can subtract the
              second last sequence number from the last sequence number and  you  know  how  many
              frames you have lost.

       Notes  Additional information about the client, such as captured EAPOL or PMKID.

       Frames The number of data packets sent by the client.

       Probes The  ESSIDs  probed  by  the client. These are the networks the client is trying to
              connect to if it is not currently connected.

       The first part is the detected access points. The  second  part  is  a  list  of  detected
       wireless  clients,  stations.  By  relying  on  the  signal power, one can even physically
       pinpoint the location of a given station.

AUTHOR

       This manual page was written by Adam Cecile <gandalf@le-vert.net> for  the  Debian  system
       (but may be used by others).  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
       document under the terms of the GNU General Public License, Version 2 or any later version
       published  by the Free Software Foundation On Debian systems, the complete text of the GNU
       General Public License can be found in /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL.

SEE ALSO

       airbase-ng(8)
       aireplay-ng(8)
       airmon-ng(8)
       airodump-ng-oui-update(8)
       airserv-ng(8)
       airtun-ng(8)
       besside-ng(8)
       easside-ng(8)
       tkiptun-ng(8)
       wesside-ng(8)
       aircrack-ng(1)
       airdecap-ng(1)
       airdecloak-ng(1)
       airolib-ng(1)
       besside-ng-crawler(1)
       buddy-ng(1)
       ivstools(1)
       kstats(1)
       makeivs-ng(1)
       packetforge-ng(1)
       wpaclean(1)
       airventriloquist(8)