Provided by: ntfs-3g_2022.10.3-1.2ubuntu3_amd64 bug

NAME

       ntfs-3g - Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver

SYNOPSIS

       ntfs-3g [-o option[,...]]  volume mount_point
       mount -t ntfs-3g [-o option[,...]]  volume mount_point
       lowntfs-3g [-o option[,...]]  volume mount_point
       mount -t lowntfs-3g [-o option[,...]]  volume mount_point

DESCRIPTION

       ntfs-3g is an NTFS driver, which can create, remove, rename, move files, directories, hard
       links, and streams; it can read and write  files,  including  streams,  sparse  files  and
       transparently  compressed files; it can handle special files like symbolic links, devices,
       and FIFOs; moreover it provides standard management of  file  ownership  and  permissions,
       including POSIX ACLs.

       It  comes in two variants ntfs-3g and lowntfs-3g with a few differences mentioned below in
       relevant options descriptions.

       The volume to be mounted can be either a block device or an image file,  either  by  using
       the mount command or starting the drive.

   Windows hibernation and fast restarting
       On  computers which can be dual-booted into Windows or Linux, Windows has to be fully shut
       down before booting into Linux, otherwise the NTFS file systems on internal disks  may  be
       left in an inconsistent state and changes made by Linux may be ignored by Windows.

       So,  Windows  may  not  be  left  in  hibernation  when  starting Linux, in order to avoid
       inconsistencies. Moreover, the fast restart feature available on  recent  Windows  systems
       has  to  be  disabled.  This  can  be  achieved by issuing as an Administrator the Windows
       command which disables both hibernation and fast restarting :

              powercfg /h off

       If either Windows is hibernated or its fast restart is  enabled,  partitions  on  internal
       disks are forced to be mounted in read-only mode.

   Access Handling and Security
       By  default,  files  and  directories  are  owned  by  the effective user and group of the
       mounting process, and everybody has full read, write,  execution  and  directory  browsing
       permissions.  You can also assign permissions to a single user by using the uid and/or the
       gid options together with the umask, or fmask and dmask options.

       Doing so, all Windows users have full access to the files created by ntfs-3g.

       But, by setting the permissions option, you  can  benefit  from  the  full  ownership  and
       permissions  features  as  defined by POSIX. Moreover, by defining a Windows-to-Linux user
       mapping, the ownerships and permissions are even applied to Windows users and conversely.

       If ntfs-3g is set setuid-root then non-root users will be also able to mount volumes.

   Windows Filename Compatibility
       NTFS supports several filename namespaces: DOS, Win32 and POSIX. While the ntfs-3g  driver
       handles  all  of  them,  it  always  creates  new files in the POSIX namespace for maximum
       portability and interoperability reasons.  This means that filenames  are  case  sensitive
       and  all  characters  are allowed except '/' and '\0'. This is perfectly legal on Windows,
       though some application may get confused. The option windows_names may be  used  to  apply
       Windows restrictions to new file names.

   Alternate Data Streams (ADS)
       NTFS  stores  all  data in streams. Every file has exactly one unnamed data stream and can
       have many named data streams.  The size of a file is the size of its unnamed data  stream.
       By default, ntfs-3g will only read the unnamed data stream.

       By  using the option streams_interface=windows, with the ntfs-3g driver (not possible with
       lowntfs-3g), you will be able to read any named data streams,  simply  by  specifying  the
       stream name after a colon.  For example:

              cat some.mp3:artist

       Named  data  streams  act  like normal files, so you can read from them, write to them and
       even delete them (using rm).  You can list all the  named  data  streams  a  file  has  by
       getting the ntfs.streams.list extended attribute.

OPTIONS

       Below is a summary of the options that ntfs-3g accepts.

       acl    Enable  setting  Posix ACLs on created files and use them for access control.  This
              option is only available on specific builds. It is  set  by  default  when  a  user
              mapping file is present and the permissions mount option is not set.

       allow_other
              This  option  overrides  the  security  measure restricting file access to the user
              mounting the filesystem. This option is only allowed to root, but this  restriction
              can be overridden by the user_allow_other option in the /etc/fuse.conf file.

       atime, noatime, relatime
              The atime option updates inode access time for each access.

              The  noatime  option  disables  inode  access time updates, which can speed up file
              operations and prevent sleeping (notebook) disks spinning up too often thus  saving
              energy and disk lifetime.

              The  relatime  option  is  very  similar to noatime.  It updates inode access times
              relative to modify or change time.  The access time is only updated if the previous
              access time was earlier than the current modify or change time. Unlike noatime this
              option doesn't break applications that need to know if a file has been  read  since
              the last time it was modified.  This is the default behaviour.

       big_writes
              This option prevents fuse from splitting write buffers into 4K chunks, enabling big
              write buffers to be transferred from the application in a single step (up  to  some
              system limit, generally 128K bytes).

       compression
              This  option  enables  creating  new  transparently compressed files in directories
              marked for compression. A directory is marked for compression by setting the bit 11
              (value  0x00000800)  in  its  Windows attribute. In such a directory, new files are
              created compressed and new subdirectories are themselves  marked  for  compression.
              The  option  and  the  flag have no effect on existing files. Currently this is the
              default option.

       debug  Makes ntfs-3g (or lowntfs-3g) to print a lot of debug output  from  libntfs-3g  and
              FUSE.

       delay_mtime[= value]
              Only  update  the file modification time and the file change time of a file when it
              is closed or when the indicated delay since the previous update  has  elapsed.  The
              argument is a number of seconds, with a default value of 60.  This is mainly useful
              for big files which are kept open for a long time and written to  without  changing
              their size, such as databases or file system images mounted as loop.

       dmask=value
              Set  the   bitmask  of the directory permissions that are not present. The value is
              given in octal. The default value is 0 which means full access to everybody.

       efs_raw
              This option should only be used in backup or restore  situation.   It  changes  the
              apparent  size  of  files  and  the  behavior  of  read and write operation so that
              encrypted  files  can  be  saved  and  restored  without   being   decrypted.   The
              user.ntfs.efsinfo extended attribute has also to be saved and restored for the file
              to be decrypted.

       fmask=value
              Set the  bitmask of the file permissions that are not present.  The value is  given
              in octal. The default value is 0 which means full access to everybody.

       force  This  option  is  obsolete.  It  has  been  superseded by the recover and norecover
              options.

       hide_dot_files
              Set the hidden flag in the NTFS attribute for created files and  directories  whose
              first  character  of  the name is a dot. Such files and directories normally do not
              appear in directory listings, and when the flag  is  set  they  do  not  appear  in
              Windows  directory  displays  either.   When a file is renamed or linked with a new
              name, the hidden flag is adjusted to the latest name.

       hide_hid_files
              Hide the hidden files and directories in directory listings, the hidden  files  and
              directories  being  the  ones  whose  NTFS attribute have the hidden flag set.  The
              hidden files will not be selected when using wildcards in commands, but  all  files
              and  directories remain accessible by full name, for example you can always display
              the Windows trash bin directory by : "ls -ld '$RECYCLE.BIN'".

       ignore_case (only with lowntfs-3g)
              Ignore character case when accessing a file (FOO, Foo, foo, etc. designate the same
              file). All files are displayed with lower case in directory listings.

       inherit
              When  creating  a  new  file,  set its initial protections according to inheritance
              rules defined in parent directory. These rules deviate from  Posix  specifications,
              but  yield a better Windows compatibility. The permissions (or **acl**) option or a
              valid user mapping file is required for this option to be effective.

       locale=value
              This option can be useful when wanting a language specific locale environment.   It
              is  however  discouraged as it leads to files with untranslatable characters to not
              be visible.

       max_read=value
              With this option the maximum size of read operations can be set.   The  default  is
              infinite.   Note  that  the  size  of read requests is limited anyway by the system
              (usually to 128kbyte).

       no_def_opts
              By default ntfs-3g acts as if silent (ignore permission errors when permissions are
              not  enabled),  allow_other  (allow  any  user to access files) and nonempty (allow
              mounting on non-empty directories) were set, and no_def_opts cancels these  default
              options.

       no_detach
              Makes ntfs-3g to not detach from terminal and print some debug output.

       nocompression
              This  option  disables  creating  new transparently compressed files in directories
              marked for compression. Existing compressed files can still be read and updated.

       norecover
              Do not try to mount a partition which was not unmounted properly by Windows.

       permissions
              Set standard permissions on created files and use standard  access  control.   This
              option is set by default when a user mapping file is present.

       posix_nlink
              Compute  the  count  of  hard  links  of a file or directory according to the POSIX
              specifications. When this option is not set, a count of 1 is set  for  directories,
              and  the  short  name  of  files  is  accounted for.  Using the option entails some
              penalty as the count is not stored and has to be computed.

       recover
              Recover and try to mount a partition which was not unmounted properly  by  Windows.
              The Windows logfile is cleared, which may cause inconsistencies.  Currently this is
              the default option.

       remove_hiberfile
              When the NTFS volume is hibernated, a read-write mount is denied  and  a  read-only
              mount  is  forced.  One needs either to resume Windows and shutdown it properly, or
              use this option which will remove the Windows hibernation file. Please  note,  this
              means that the saved Windows session will be completely lost. Use this option under
              your own responsibility.

       ro     Mount the filesystem read-only. Useful if Windows is hibernated or the NTFS journal
              file is unclean.

       show_sys_files
              Show  the  metafiles  in  directory listings. Otherwise the default behaviour is to
              hide the metafiles, which are special files  used  to  store  the  NTFS  structure.
              Please  note that even when this option is specified, "$MFT" may not be visible due
              to a glibc bug.  Furthermore,  irrespectively  of  show_sys_files,  all  files  are
              accessible by name, for example you can always do "ls -l '$UpCase'".

       silent Do  nothing,  without  returning  any  error,  on chmod and chown operations and on
              permission checking errors, when the permissions option is  not  set  and  no  user
              mapping  file  is  defined. This option is on by default, and when set off (through
              option no_def_opts) ownership and permissions parameters have to be set.

       special_files=mode
              This option selects a mode for representing a special file to be created  (symbolic
              link, socket, fifo, character or block device). The mode can be interix or wsl, and
              existing files in either mode are recognized irrespective  of  the  selected  mode.
              Interix  is  the  traditional  mode, used by default, and wsl is interoperable with
              Windows WSL, but it is not compatible with Windows versions  earlier  than  Windows
              10.  Neither mode are interoperable with Windows.

       streams_interface=mode
              This  option  controls  how  the user can access Alternate Data Streams (ADS) or in
              other words, named data streams. The mode can be set to one  of  none,  windows  or
              xattr. If the option is set to none, the user will have no access to the named data
              streams. If it is set to windows (not possible with lowntfs-3g), then the user  can
              access  them just like in Windows (eg. cat file:stream). If it's set to xattr, then
              the named data streams are mapped to extended attributes and a user can  manipulate
              them using {get,set}fattr utilities. The default is xattr.

       uid=value and gid=value
              Set  the  owner  and  the group of files and directories. The values are numerical.
              The defaults are the uid and gid of the current process.

       umask=value
              Set the  bitmask of the file and directory permissions that are  not  present.  The
              value  is  given  in  octal.  The  default  value  is  0 which means full access to
              everybody.

       usermapping=file-name
              Use  file  file-name  as  the  user   mapping   file   instead   of   the   default
              .NTFS-3G/UserMapping. If file-name defines a full path, the file must be located on
              a partition previously mounted. If it defines a relative path,  it  is  interpreted
              relative to the root of NTFS partition being mounted.

              When a user mapping file is defined, the options uid=, gid=, umask=, fmask=, dmask=
              and silent are ignored.

       user_xattr
              Same as streams_interface=xattr.

       windows_names
              This option prevents files, directories and extended attributes to be created  with
              a name not allowed by windows, because

                     - it contains some not allowed character,
                     - or the last character is a space or a dot,
                     - or the name is reserved.

              The  forbidden characters are the nine characters " * / : < > ? \ | and those whose
              code is less than 0x20, and the reserved names are CON, PRN, AUX, NUL,  COM1..COM9,
              LPT1..LPT9, with no suffix or followed by a dot.

              Existing such files can still be read (and renamed).

USER MAPPING

       NTFS  uses  specific ids to record the ownership of files instead of the uid (user id) and
       gid (group id) used by Linux. As a consequence a mapping between the ids has to be defined
       for ownerships to be recorded into NTFS files and recognized.

       By default, this mapping is fetched from the file .NTFS-3G/UserMapping located in the NTFS
       partition. The option usermapping= may be used to define another location. When the option
       **permissions** is set and no mapping file is found, a default mapping is used.

       Each  line  in  the  user  mapping file defines a mapping. It is organized in three fields
       separated by colons. The first field identifies a uid, the second field identifies  a  gid
       and  the  third  one identifies the corresponding NTFS id, known as a SID. The uid and the
       gid are optional and defining both of them for the same SID is not recommended.

       If no interoperation with Windows is needed, you can use the option permissions to  define
       a  standard  mapping.  Alternately,  you  may  define your own mapping by setting a single
       default mapping with no uid and gid. In both cases, files created on Linux will appear  to
       Windows  as  owned by a foreign user, and files created on Windows will appear to Linux as
       owned by root. Just copy the example below and replace the 9 and 10-digit numbers  by  any
       number not greater than 4294967295. The resulting behavior is the same as the one with the
       option permission set with no ownership option and no user mapping file available.

              ::S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-10000

       If a strong interoperation with Windows is needed, the mapping has to be defined for  each
       user  and  group  known  to both system, and the SIDs used by Windows has to be collected.
       This will lead to a user mapping file like :

              john::S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-1008
              mary::S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-1009
              :smith:S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-513
              ::S-1-5-21-3141592653-589793238-462643383-10000

       The utility ntfsusermap may be used to create such a user mapping file.

EXAMPLES

       Mount /dev/sda1 to /mnt/windows:

              ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows
       or
              mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows

       Mount  the  ntfs  data  partition  /dev/sda3  to /mnt/data with standard Linux permissions
       applied :

              ntfs-3g -o permissions /dev/sda3 /mnt/data
       or
              mount -t ntfs-3g -o permissions /dev/sda3 /mnt/data

       Read-only mount /dev/sda5 to /home/user/mnt and make user with uid 1000 to be the owner of
       all files:

              ntfs-3g /dev/sda5 /home/user/mnt -o ro,uid=1000

       /etc/fstab  entry  for  the above (the sixth and last field has to be zero to avoid a file
       system check at boot time) :

              /dev/sda5 /home/user/mnt ntfs-3g ro,uid=1000 0 0

       Unmount /mnt/windows:

              umount /mnt/windows

EXIT CODES

       To facilitate the use of the ntfs-3g driver in scripts, an exit code is returned  to  give
       an indication of the mountability status of a volume. Value 0 means success, and all other
       ones mean an error. The unique error codes are documented in the  ntfs-3g.probe(8)  manual
       page.

KNOWN ISSUES

       Please see

              https://github.com/tuxera/ntfs-3g/wiki/NTFS-3G-FAQ

       for  common questions and known issues.  If you would find a new one in the latest release
       of the software then please post an ntfs-3g issue describing it  in  detail  so  that  the
       development team can be aware of the issue and take care of it:

              https://github.com/tuxera/ntfs-3g/issues

AUTHORS

       ntfs-3g  was  based on and a major improvement to ntfsmount and libntfs which were written
       by Yura Pakhuchiy and the Linux-NTFS team. The improvements were made, the ntfs-3g project
       was initiated and currently led by long time Linux-NTFS team developer Szabolcs Szakacsits
       (szaka@tuxera.com).

THANKS

       Several people made heroic efforts, often over five  or  more  years  which  resulted  the
       ntfs-3g  driver.  Most  importantly  they  are Anton Altaparmakov, Jean-Pierre André, Erik
       Larsson, Richard Russon, Szabolcs Szakacsits, Yura Pakhuchiy, Yuval Fledel, and the author
       of the groundbreaking FUSE filesystem development framework, Miklos Szeredi.

SEE ALSO

       ntfs-3g.probe(8), ntfsprogs(8), attr(5), getfattr(1)