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NAME
realpath - return the canonicalized absolute pathname
SYNOPSIS
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
char *realpath(const char *path, char *resolved_path);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
realpath():
_BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 ||
_XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
DESCRIPTION
realpath() expands all symbolic links and resolves references to /./,
/../ and extra '/' characters in the null-terminated string named by
path to produce a canonicalized absolute pathname. The resulting
pathname is stored as a null-terminated string, up to a maximum of
PATH_MAX bytes, in the buffer pointed to by resolved_path. The
resulting path will have no symbolic link, /./ or /../ components.
If resolved_path is specified as NULL, then realpath() uses malloc(3)
to allocate a buffer of up to PATH_MAX bytes to hold the resolved
pathname, and returns a pointer to this buffer. The caller should
deallocate this buffer using free(3).
RETURN VALUE
If there is no error, realpath() returns a pointer to the
resolved_path.
Otherwise it returns a NULL pointer, and the contents of the array
resolved_path are undefined, and errno is set to indicate the error.
ERRORS
EACCES Read or search permission was denied for a component of the path
prefix.
EINVAL path is NULL. (In glibc versions before 2.3, this error is also
returned if resolved_path is NULL.)
EIO An I/O error occurred while reading from the file system.
ELOOP Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the
pathname.
ENAMETOOLONG
A component of a pathname exceeded NAME_MAX characters, or an
entire pathname exceeded PATH_MAX characters.
ENOENT The named file does not exist.
ENOTDIR
A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
VERSIONS
On Linux this function appeared in libc 4.5.21.
CONFORMING TO
4.4BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
POSIX.1-2001 says that the behavior if resolved_path is NULL is
implementation-defined. POSIX.1-2008 specifies the behavior described
in this page.
NOTES
In 4.4BSD and Solaris the limit on the pathname length is MAXPATHLEN
(found in <sys/param.h>). SUSv2 prescribes PATH_MAX and NAME_MAX, as
found in <limits.h> or provided by the pathconf(3) function. A typical
source fragment would be
#ifdef PATH_MAX
path_max = PATH_MAX;
#else
path_max = pathconf(path, _PC_PATH_MAX);
if (path_max <= 0)
path_max = 4096;
#endif
(But see the BUGS section.)
The 4.4BSD, Linux and SUSv2 versions always return an absolute
pathname. Solaris may return a relative pathname when the path
argument is relative. The prototype of realpath() is given in
<unistd.h> in libc4 and libc5, but in <stdlib.h> everywhere else.
BUGS
The POSIX.1-2001 standard version of this function is broken by design,
since it is impossible to determine a suitable size for the output
buffer, resolved_path. According to POSIX.1-2001 a buffer of size
PATH_MAX suffices, but PATH_MAX need not be a defined constant, and may
have to be obtained using pathconf(3). And asking pathconf(3) does not
really help, since, on the one hand POSIX warns that the result of
pathconf(3) may be huge and unsuitable for mallocing memory, and on the
other hand pathconf(3) may return -1 to signify that PATH_MAX is not
bounded. The resolved_path == NULL feature, not standardized in
POSIX.1-2001, but standardized in POSIX.1-2008, allows this design
problem to be avoided.
The libc4 and libc5 implementation contains a buffer overflow (fixed in
libc-5.4.13). Thus, set-user-ID programs like mount(8) need a private
version.
SEE ALSO
readlink(2), canonicalize_file_name(3), getcwd(3), pathconf(3),
sysconf(3)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.35 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
be found at http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/.
2011-09-10 REALPATH(3)