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NAME
roff - roff
DESCRIPTION
roff troff, nroff, ditroff, groff, roff Unix Unix roff
roff GNU roff, groff(1). groff classical ( 1973 ) groff groff ()
roff roff
Unix roff Multics runoff HISTORY troff roff roff roff system roff
roff UNIX (man pages) roff roff
roff manual pages ( man pages);
roff system roff roff groff(1) "" roff
HISTORY
roff 60 roff Unix CTSS Multics
The Predecessor runoff
roff "" runoff Jerry Saltzer CTSS (Compatible Time Sharing System
(?)1961) CTTS Multics <http://www.multicians.org>, Unix 1963 runoff
roff runoff 60 2 (request) roff "" (dot, `.')
runoff PL/1 BCPL C "" Multics runoff roff Unix runoff Saltzer
SEE ALSO
nroff/troff The Classical nroff/troff System
70 Multics (offspring) Unix MIT (the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology), Unix PDP-11 Wang (?) Graphic Systems CAT runoff Josef
F. Osanna, (Multics runoff )
runoff roff. Ocsanna roff roff Joe Osanna roff
roff
troff (typesetter roff) CAT
nroff
roff runoff roff troff/nroff
Osanna PDP-11 1973. Brian Kernighan roff C C 1975.
nroff/troff Troff User's Manual [CSTR #54] 1976, Brian Kernighan 1992
classical troff . roff
1977 Osanna 50 Kernighan troff troff "" roff USING ROFF 1979
[CSTR #97]. troff troff groff. troff ditroff(7). troff distroff
Commercialization
Unix 7 troff roff Osanna/Kernighan ("their" system) --
Unix troff 20
Caldera SCO UNIX (2001). Caldera SEE ALSO
(2003 SCO Caldera )
Free roff
roff roff Unix 80
(As a counter-measure to the galopping commercialization) AT&T Bell
Labs (a rescue project) Plan 9 that empedes the free development ( )
Plan 9
( remedy) (386BSD, GNU/Linux, .) 80 90 Unix "XP" (such that the
old experience is not lost) 21 Unix --
roff GNU troff James Clark GNU Public License <http://www.gnu.org/
copyleft>. groff (GNU roff). groff(1)
groff troff roff -- groff roff
USING ROFF
roff (man page) roff roff xditview(1x) X X(7x). roff
roff roff GNU roff groff(1) troff grog(1) groff groffer(1) groff
The roff Pipe
roff (preprocessor)roff (postprocessor) piping
sh# cat file | ... | preproc | ... | troff options | postproc
roff roff (troff) roff
(tailor) roff
roff roff roff (gory details)
Preprocessors
roff roff roff roff (they are identified by special roff requests or
macros) roff roff
/ roff roff
tbl (table)
eqn (mathematical formulae)
pic (diagram)
refer (bibliographic references)
soelim (macro)
chem (chemical formulae)
grap (graphical elements)
grn gremlin(1)
Formatter Programs
A roff formatter roff roff intermediate output,
roff intermediate output format troff output. [CSTR #97] GNU
groff_out(5) roff
roff roff roff nroff troff
troff (is used as a general term to refer to both formatters)
Devices and Postprocessors
troff roff
.
[CSTR #54]
Postscript post troff 720 groff ps 72000, 100
roff ROFF PROGRAMMING
roff roff roff roff roff
Macro Packages
roff name.tmac ( tmac.name). tmac groff_tmac(5).
-m , troff(1), roff "" groff(7).
man mdoc BSD me ( Eric Allman ), ms ( Manuscript Macros), mm (
Memorandum Macros).
roff The roff Formatting Language
roff troff Troff User's Manual [CSTR #54] . roff (request) (escape
sequence) (number or size registers)
Requests "" shell "" roff "" "" macros. (dot, `.')
Escape sequences "" (backslash, `\'. ) roff \( ASCII \f \" \\,
Strings "" .ds \*
Registers "" .nr \n
FILE NAME EXTENSIONS
roff.7, 7
file.me me file.mm mm, file.ms ms, file.pic pic
roff file.tr troff file roff
less(1) shell LESSOPEN.
sh# LESSOPEN='|lesspipe %s'
lesspipe
EDITING ROFF
roff Emacs emacs(1). nroff roff ""
Emacs `M-x nroff-mode' M-x Meta ( Alt) x
o
.\" Local Variables:
.\" mode: nroff
.\" End:
o nroff
o
.\" -*- nroff -*-
emacs nroff man
roff
o roff "" () .\" ()
o roff
o
o Emacs auto-fill roff ()
roff
roff .
.
.
.
`cf.'
"".
.
(.)
.
(""
`.' )
Emacs nroff vim(1), vi(1)
BUGS
UNIX(R) Open Group Caldera 2001 SCO UNIX
( 2003 SCO M$ ?)
SEE ALSO
roff troff groff
Internet sites
troff.org
" troff" <http://www.troff.org> roff roff
Multics
"Multics " <http://www.multicians.org> MIT CTSSMultics Unix
runoff;
Unix Archive
" Unix " <http://www.tuhs.org/Archive/> Unix ( troff ) Caldera
2001 Unix 7 PDP-11 Unix V7 site <http://www.tuhs.org/Archive/
PDP-11/Trees/V7>.
Developers at AT&T Bell Labs
"" <http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/index.html>
Plan 9 "Plan 9 " <http://plan9.bell-labs.com> AT&T Bell Labs
runoff "Jerry Saltzer " <http://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/
pubs.html> runoff
CSTR Papers
" CSTR " <http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/cstr.html> troff (CSTR
#54, #97, #114, #116, #122)
GNU roff
"groff " <http://www.gnu.org/software/groff> roff groff roff
Historical roff Documentation
troff
[CSTR #54]
J. F. Osanna, Nroff/Troff User's Manual <http://
cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/54.ps>; () Bell Labs, 1976; revised by
Brian Kernighan, 1992.
[CSTR #97]
Brian Kernighan, A Typesetter-independent TROFF <http://
cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/97.ps>, ( troff) Bell Labs, 1981, revised
March 1982.
roff ""("little language")
[CSTR #114]
Jon L. Bentley and Brian W. Kernighan, GRAP -- A Language for
Typesetting Graphs <http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/114.ps>;
(grap: ) Bell Labs, August 1984.
[CSTR #116]
Brian W. Kernighan, PIC -- A Graphics Language for Typesetting
<http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/116.ps>; (pic: ) Bell Labs,
December 1984.
[CSTR #122]
J. L. Bentley, L. W. Jelinski, and B. W. Kernighan, CHEM -- A
Program for Typesetting Chemical Structure Diagrams, Computers
and Chemistry <http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/122.ps>; (chem: )
Bell Labs, April 1986.
Manual Pages
roff roff roff
groff groff(1) groff
troff(1)
AUTHORS
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free
Documentation License) version 1.1 or later. You should have received
a copy of the FDL on your system, it is also available on-line at the
GNU copyleft site <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html>.
groff, GNU roff Bernd Warken <bwarken@mayn.de>; Werner Lemberg
<wl@gnu.org>.
[]
bbbush <bbbush@163.com>
[]
2003.11.28
linuxman:
http://cmpp.linuxforum.net