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NAME
ssh -- OpenSSH SSH ()
(SYNOPSIS)
ssh [-l login_name] hostname | user@hostname [command]
ssh [-afgknqstvxACNTX1246] [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec]
[-e escape_char] [-i identity_file] [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec]
[-o option] [-p port] [-F configfile] [-L port:host:hostport]
[-R port:host:hostport] [-D port] hostname | user@hostname [command]
(DESCRIPTION)
ssh (SSH ) , . rlogin rsh, , , , . X11 TCP/IP (forward).
ssh hostname , , /:
SSH
, /etc/hosts.equiv /etc/ssh/shosts.equiv , , . , (home ) .rhosts
.shosts, , . , , .
rhosts hosts.equiv RSA . $HOME/.rhosts, $HOME/.shosts,
/etc/hosts.equiv, /etc/ssh/shosts.equiv , (host key) ( (FILE)
/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts ), . IP , DNS . [:
/etc/hosts.equiv, $HOME/.rhosts, rlogin/rsh , .]
, ssh RSA . : , . RSA . /. , . $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys (). , ssh
(). (), , ( ssh ) , . . , /, ().
ssh RSA . ssh-keygen(1) / RSA . $HOME/.ssh/identity ,
$HOME/.ssh/identity.pub . , identity.pub , $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys / (
authorized_keys $HOME/.rhosts , , ). . RSA rhosts .
RAS (authentication agent) . ssh-agent(1) .
, ssh (password), . , .
SSH
, . PreferredAuthentications , ; ; , , , .
RAS , RAS DSA : ( $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa ) (session
identifier), . $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys , , . Diffie-Hellman , .
, .
, ssh .
( 3DES, Blowfish, CAST128 Arcfour ) (hmac-md5, hmac-sha1). , .
, , shell. shell .
(pseudo-terminal)(), escape .
, (transparent), . , , escape ``none'' .
shell , , X11 TCP/IP . ssh .
Escape
, ssh escape .
~~ , , . escape (newline), . EscapeChar escape , -e .
escape ( '~') :
~.
~^Z ssh
~# (forwarded connection)
~& /X11, ssh
~? escape
~C ( -L -R )
~R (rekeying) (SSH, )
X11 TCP (forwarding)
ForwardX11 ``yes'' ( -X -x ), X11 ( DISPLAY ), X11 : shell X11 , X .
DISPLAY. , X11 .
ssh DISPLAY , . , ssh ``proxy'' X , .
ssh Xauthority . : SSH cookie, Xauthority . SSH cookie, , cookie.
cookie ( cookie).
ForwardAgent ``yes'' ( -A -a ), (authentication agent), .
, TCP/IP . TCP/IP , , , .
ssh , (). $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts . , SSH /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts . . ,
ssh , , . , . StrictHostKeyChecking .
:
-a .
-A . .
. ( UNIX socket), . , , .
-b bind_address
, .
-c blowfish|3des|des
. 3des . 3des (triple-des) --, . blowfish (block cipher), ,
3des . des ssh , 3des . , .
-c cipher_spec
, , , . Ciphers.
-e ch|^ch|none
pty escape (: '~'). escape , escape ('.') , control-Z
(suspend), escape . ``none'' escape , .
-f ssh . ssh , . -n . X11 ssh -f host xterm .
-g .
-i identity_file
RSA DSA (). $HOME/.ssh/identity $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
$HOME/.ssh/id_dsa . . -i ().
-I smartcard_device
(smartcard). , ssh , RSA .
-k Kerberos AFS . .
-l login_name
. .
-m mac_spec
, , , MAC() (message authentication code). MACs .
-n stdin /dev/null ( stdin ). ssh . X11 . , ssh -n
shadows.cs.hut.fi emacs & shadows.cs.hut.fi emacs, X11 . ssh
. ( ssh , ; -f .)
-N . . ()
-o option
, . .
-p port
. .
-q . .
-s . SSH2 , ( sftp)SSH. .
-t . (screen-based), , . -t , ssh .
-T .
-v . ssh . , . -v . .
-x X11 .
-X X11 . .
X11 . (X), X11 . , .
-C ( stdin, stdout, stderr X11 TCP/IP ). gzip(1) , , ``level''
CompressionLevel . modem , . . Compression .
-F configfile
. , (/etc/ssh/ssh_config) . $HOME/.ssh/config.
-L port:host:hostport
(). , socket port , , , host hostport . . root . IPv6 :
port/host/hostport
-R port:host:hostport
(). , socket port , , , host hostport . . root . IPv6 :
port/host/hostport
-D port
``'' . , socket port , , , . SOCKS4 , ssh SOCKS4 . root . .
-1 ssh .
-2 ssh .
-4 ssh IPv4 .
-6 ssh IPv6 .
(CONFIGURATION FILES)
ssh . ssh_config(5).
(ENVIRONMENT)
ssh :
DISPLAY
DISPLAY X11 . ssh , ``hostname:n'' , hostname shell , n 1
. ssh , X11 . DISPLAY , X11 ( cookie).
HOME .
LOGNAME
USER; .
MAIL .
PATH PATH, ssh .
SSH_ASKPASS
ssh (passphrase), , . ssh , DISPLAY SSH_ASKPASS , ssh
SSH_ASKPASS , X11 . .Xsession script ssh , . (, /dev/null .)
SSH_AUTH_SOCK
UNIX socket , .
SSH_CONNECTION
. : IP, , IP, .
SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND
, . .
SSH_TTY
shell (). , .
TZ (daemon), , (, ).
USER .
, , $HOME/.ssh/environment , ssh , ``VARNAME=value'' . sshd_config(5)
PermitUserEnvironment .
(FILES)
$HOME/.ssh/known_hosts
, , /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts . sshd(8).
$HOME/.ssh/identity, $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa, $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
. RSA, DSA, RSA. , , (//). , , ssh . (passphrase), 3DES .
$HOME/.ssh/identity.pub, $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa.pub, $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
(). RSA , $HOME/.ssh/identity.pub $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys .
DSA/RSA , $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa.pub $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys . , (). ssh , ; .
$HOME/.ssh/config
. ssh_config(5) .
$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
RSA/DSA , . sshd(8) . .pub . , , .
/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
. , . . , (): , , . , (). sshd(8) .
, sshd(8) (); , ssh , .
/etc/ssh/ssh_config
. ssh_config(5) .
/etc/ssh/ssh_host_key, /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key,
/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
, RhostsRSAAuthentication HostbasedAuthentication.
RhostsRSAAuthentication , ssh setuid root, root .
HostbasedAuthentication , ssh ssh-keysign(8) . ssh setuid root .
ssh setuid root.
$HOME/.rhosts
.rhosts , /. ( rlogin rsh , ) (), , . , NFS , , sshd(8) root
. , , . , , .
, sshd(8) , .rhosts , sshd(8) RSA . /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts ,
$HOME/.ssh/known_hosts . ssh ; $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts.
$HOME/.shosts
.rhosts . ssh rhosts rlogin rsh(1) .
/etc/hosts.equiv
.rhosts . , ( sshd(8) ). , , . , RSA . root .
/etc/ssh/shosts.equiv
/etc/hosts.equiv . ssh , rsh/rlogin .
/etc/ssh/sshrc
, shell (), ssh . sshd(8) .
$HOME/.ssh/rc
, shell (), ssh . sshd(8) .
$HOME/.ssh/environment
, ENVIRONMENT .
(DIAGNOSTICS)
ssh , 255.
(AUTHORS)
OpenSSH Tatu Ylonen ssh 1.2.12. Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus
Friedl, Niels Provos, Theo de Raadt Dug Song BUGS, , OpenSSH. Markus
Friedl SSH 1.52.0.
(SEE ALSO)
rsh(1), scp(1), sftp(1), ssh-add(1), ssh-agent(1), ssh-keygen(1),
telnet(1), ssh_config(5), ssh-keysign(8), sshd(8) T. Ylonen, T. Kivinen,
M. Saarinen, T. Rinne, and S. Lehtinen, SSH Protocol Architecture, draft-
ietf-secsh-architecture-12.txt, January 2002, work in progress material.
[]
<xuming@users.sourceforge.net>
[]
2004/06/11
Linuxman
http://cmpp.linuxforum.net