Provided by: alliance_5.0-20120515-6_amd64 bug

NAME

       prol - define the rules for symbolic to real layout translation

DESCRIPTION

       This  file  describes  the  rules  used by the mbk(1) to rds translator.  In the following
       file, symbolic layout objects are refered as mbk(1) objects,  mbk(1)  being  the  internal
       data  structure  that  supports symbolic representation.  On the other hand, rds is a data
       structure  describing  mainly  rectangles,  and  is  therefore  used   for   real   layout
       representation.

       Some  syntaxic  remarques on the way to write the file follow.  The case of identifiers is
       not significant, so NDIF is equivalent to NdiF.  Comments  are  allowed  anywhere  in  the
       file,  using  the  sharp  (#)  as start of comment, and newline as end of comment.  A line
       begining with a sharp will be ignored, and a line containing a sharp will be  read  up  to
       the  character  preeceding it.  A newline can be escaped using the backslash ( followed by
       the newline.  If some character, spaces or tabs for example, follow the backslash, chances
       are that a syntax error will be issued.

       First,  some  important process parameters are needed, the physical grid step, that is the
       least common multiple of all the technologies values in terms of layout distances, and the
       lambda, computed from a careful observation of the process design rules.
       Then, a set of tables is needed, to describe how to translate a symbolic object, belonging
       to the mbk(1) world, and a set of layout rectangles, in rds.
       Each table has a special meaning, and its parametrization  exend  beeing  not  full,  some
       borders  are  to  be  evocated.  Several type of table exists indeed.  Some are needed for
       object translation, others for post treatment parametrization, others to define cif or gds
       identifiers regarding rds ones.
       Many things seem to be parametrizable, but in fact, mostly, if not only, numbers, names in
       cif and gds translation tables, and boolean  value  in  post  treatement  may  be  changed
       without problems.

       For  any  table,  if  some layer is not applicable, it can simply be omitted.  The default
       action is `do nothing', or use a value of 0.0 for all entries.

LAYERS AND PATTERNS

       Since the goal of this file is to allow translation from mbk(1) to rds, the meaning of the
       layers in both representation shall be known.
       Mbk layers

            NWELL               minimum width 4 ; N-well.

            PWELL               minimum width 4 ; P-well.

            NTIE                minimum width 2 ; N diffusion for polarisation.

            PTIE                minimum width 2 ; P diffusion for polarisation.

            NDIF                minimum width 2 ; N diffusion for transistor.

            PDIF                minimum width 2 ; P diffusion for transistor.

            NTRANS              minimum width 1 (gate width) ; N transistor.

            PTRANS              minimum width 1 (gate width) ; P transistor.

            POLY                minimum width 1 ; polysilicon, not transistor gate.

            ALU1                minimum width 1 ; first level of metal.

            ALU2                minimum width 2 ; second level of metal.

            ALU3                minimum width 3 ; third level of metal (unused).

            TPOLY               minimum width 1 ; through route for POLY.

            TALU1               minimum width 1 ; through route for ALU1.

            TALU2               minimum width 2 ; through route for ALU2.

            TALU3               minimum width 3 ; through route for ALU3 (unused).
       Mbk patterns

            CONT_POLY           cut pattern from ALU1 to POLY

            CONT_VIA            cut pattern from ALU1 to ALU2

            CONT_VIA2           cut pattern from ALU2 to ALU3

            CONT_DIF_N          cut pattern from ALU1 to NDIF

            CONT_DIF_P          cut pattern from ALU1 to PDIF

            CONT_BODY_N         cut pattern from ALU1 to NTIE

            CONT_BODY_P         cut pattern from ALU1 to PTIE

            C_X_N               corner primitive for L or S shaped N transistor

            C_X_P               corner primitive for L or S shaped P transistor
       Rds layers

            RDS_NWELL           N-well (or N-tub), bulk for P transistors.

            RDS_PWELL           P-well (or P-tub), bulk for N transistors.

            RDS_NDIF            use for symbolic extractor as equivalent of NDIF.

            RDS_PDIF            use for symbolic extractor as equivalent of PDIF.

            RDS_NTIE            use for symbolic extractor as equivalent of NTIE.

            RDS_PTIE            use for symbolic extractor as equivalent of PTIE.

            RDS_POLY            polysillicon run, for cell internal wirering.

            RDS_GATE            transistor polysillicon, for gate.

            RDS_TPOLY           polysillicon  feed through.  Indicate to a router that a track is
                                free of polysillicon.

            RDS_CONT            hole in the isolating layer between polysillicon or  active  area
                                and first metal level.

            RDS_ALU1            first metal level run.

            RDS_TALU1           first  metal  level  feed  through.  Indicates to a router that a
                                track is free of first metal level.

            RDS_VIA1            hole in the isolating layer between first metal level and  second
                                metal level.

            RDS_ALU2            second metal level run.

            RDS_TALU2           second  metal  level  feed  through.  Indicate to a router that a
                                track is free of second metal level.

            RDS_VIA2            hole in the isolating layer between second metal level and  third
                                metal level.

            RDS_ALU3            third metal level run.

            RDS_TALU3           third  metal  level  feed  through.   Indicate to a router that a
                                track is free of third metal level.

            RDS_ALU4            fourth metal.  (Used only for GaAs designs.)

            RDS_VIA3            hole in the isolating layer between third metal level and  fourth
                                metal level.  (Used only for GaAs designs.)

            RDS_ACTIV           active area dropped in N or P implant to build transistors.

            RDS_NIMP            implant area, (sometime known as N select), for N transistors.

            RDS_PIMP            implant area, (sometime known as P select), for P transistors.

            RDS_CPAS            passivation, used in pads.

            RDS_USER0           user  defined  purpose  layer.   (May  be  used  for  DRC logical
                                operations.)

            RDS_USER1           user defined  purpose  layer.   (May  be  used  for  DRC  logical
                                operations.)

            RDS_USER2           user  defined  purpose  layer.   (May  be  used  for  DRC logical
                                operations.)

            RDS_REF             virtual layer for the representation of symbolic references

            RDS_ABOX            virtual layer needed to indicate the abutment box of a model.

            RDS_DEFAULT         default layer, shall never appear anywhere.

FILE DESCRIPTION

       The following lines describe the file, entry by entry, specifying what is expected.

       Physical grid       DEFINE PHYSICAL_GRID  .5
                           This statement defines  the  minimum  grid  spacing  enforced  by  the
                           foundry.

       Lambda              DEFINE LAMBDA  1
                           This defines the value of the lambda in microns.  This value, like any
                           other one in  the  rest  of  the  file  must  be  a  multiple  of  the
                           PHYSICAL_GRID.

       Segment translation table
                           TABLE MBK_TO_RDS_SEGMENT
                           This  table  contains  all  the  informations  needed  to  translate a
                           symbolic segment of  a  given  layer  onto  one,  two  or  three  real
                           rectangles  of  specified  layers.   An example of this table is given
                           below, with values needed for a technology where one lambda  is  equal
                           to 1.05 and the design grid is set to 0.15 microns.

       TABLE MBK_TO_RDS_SEGMENT

         NWELL    RDS_NWELL   VW  3.15  6.30  0.0  ALL
         NDIF     RDS_ACTIV   VW  0.60 -0.90  0.0  ALL \
                  RDS_NIMP    VW  2.10  2.10  0.0  ALL
         PDIF     RDS_ACTIV   VW  0.60 -0.90  0.0  ALL \
                  RDS_PIMP    VW  2.10  2.10  0.0  ALL
         NTIE     RDS_ACTIV   VW  0.60 -0.90  0.0  ALL \
                  RDS_NIMP    VW  1.20  0.30  0.0  ALL
         PTIE     RDS_ACTIV   VW  0.60 -0.90  0.0  ALL \
                  RDS_PIMP    VW  1.20  0.30  0.0  ALL
         NTRANS   RDS_GATE    VW  0.00  0.15  0.0  ALL \
                  RDS_ACTIV   VW -1.50  4.35  0.0  ALL \
                  RDS_NIMP    VW  0.00  7.35  0.0  ALL
         PTRANS   RDS_GATE    VW  0.00  0.15  0.0  ALL \
                  RDS_ACTIV   VW -1.50  4.35  0.0  ALL \
                  RDS_PIMP    VW  0.00  7.35  0.0  ALL
         POLY     RDS_POLY    VW  0.60  0.15  0.0  ALL
         ALU1     RDS_ALU1    VW  0.90  0.75  0.0  ALL
         ALU2     RDS_ALU2    VW  0.90 -0.30  0.0  ALL
         TPOLY    RDS_TPOLY   VW  0.60  0.15  0.0  ALL
         TALU1    RDS_TALU1   VW  0.90  0.75  0.0  ALL
         TALU2    RDS_TALU2   VW  0.90 -0.30  0.0  ALL

       END

                           The first column is the mbk(1) layer name to be translated, then there
                           one or more groups of 6 columns each.  For  each  physical  rectangle,
                           there are 3 parameters :
                           - rds layer name
                           -  One  of  VW,  LCW,  RCW  that indicates the `type' of segment to be
                           generated
                           - physical length extension: DLR
                           - physical width oversize: DWR
                           - offset from symbolic axis: OFFSET
                           - tools for which the generated rectangle is applicable: ALL, DRC (for
                           the  symbolic design rule checker, see druc(1)), EXT (for the symbolic
                           extractor, see lynx(1))  These  parameters  are  meant  regarding  the
                           symbolic segment.

       Connectors translation table
                           TABLE MBK_TO_RDS_CONNECTOR
                           This  table  contains  all  the  informations  needed  to  translate a
                           symbolic connector of a given layer onto one single real rectangle.
                           An example of this table is given below,  with  values  needed  for  a
                           technology  where  one  lambda is equal to 1.05 and the design grid is
                           set to 0.15 micron.

       TABLE MBK_TO_RDS_CONNECTOR

         POLY     RDS_POLY  0.6   0.15
         ALU1     RDS_ALU1  0.9   0.75
         ALU2     RDS_ALU2  0.9  -0.3

       END
                           One symbolic connector is translated into one physical rectangle using
                           3 parameters :
                           - rds layer name
                           - physical width oversize: DWR
                           - physical extension on each side of the abutment box: DER

                           It  is  discouraged  to  use active or well layers as connectors while
                           designing.

       Vias translation table
                           TABLE MBK_TO_RDS_VIA
                           This table  contains  all  the  informations  needed  to  translate  a
                           symbolic via of a given layer onto one to four real rectangles of user
                           specified layers.  An example of  this  table  is  given  below,  with
                           values  needed  for a technology where one lambda is equal to 1.05 and
                           the design grid is set to 0.15 micron.

       TABLE MBK_TO_RDS_VIA

         CONT_BODY_N RDS_ALU1 3   RDS_CONT  1.5 RDS_ACTIV 3.3 RDS_NIMP 4.5
         CONT_BODY_P RDS_ALU1 3   RDS_CONT  1.5 RDS_ACTIV 3.3 RDS_PIMP 4.5
         CONT_DIF_N  RDS_ALU1 3   RDS_CONT  1.5 RDS_ACTIV 3.3 RDS_NIMP 6.3
         CONT_DIF_P  RDS_ALU1 3   RDS_CONT  1.5 RDS_ACTIV 3.3 RDS_PIMP 6.3
         CONT_POLY   RDS_ALU1 3   RDS_CONT  1.5 RDS_POLY  3
         CONT_VIA    RDS_ALU1 3   RDS_VIA1  1.5 RDS_ALU2  3
         CONT_VIA2
         C_X_N       RDS_GATE 1.2 RDS_ACTIV 5.4 RDS_NIMP  8.4
         C_X_P       RDS_GATE 1.2 RDS_ACTIV 5.4 RDS_PIMP  8.4

       END

                           This table describes how to translate one symbolic via, to 2, 3  or  4
                           physical  rectangles.   The  table  is  defined  as follow : The first
                           column is the mbk(1) via name to translate, then there are 4 groups of
                           2  columns  each,  which  correspond  to  four  potential  targets rds
                           rectangles of user specified layer.  In one group the first column  is
                           the  rds  layer  name,  the  second  one  is the rds layer width.  The
                           rectangle is centered on the contact coordinates, and expands  in  the
                           four direction of half the given width value.

       Denotching values table
                           TABLE S2R_OVERSIZE_DENOTCH
                           This  table  contains the oversize value needed to erase notches.  All
                           the rectangles of the same rds layer are oversized by this  value  and
                           then  merged alltogether and undersized by the same value.  An example
                           of this table is given below.

       TABLE S2R_OVERSIZE_DENOTCH

         RDS_NWELL   3.00
         RDS_POLY    0.75
         RDS_GATE    0.75
         RDS_ALU1    0.75
         RDS_ALU2    0.75
         RDS_ACTIV   1.05
         RDS_NIMP    2.55
         RDS_PIMP    2.55

       END
                           For some rds  layers,  like  RDS_NWELL,  RDS_NIMP  and  RDS_PIMP,  two
                           rectangles  distant from less or equal the minimun spacing design rule
                           must be merged in a single one.  In this case, the oversize  value  is
                           equal  to the minimum spacing rule between two edges of the same layer
                           divided by 2.
                           Some other rds layers, like RDS_ALU1, ..., must  not  be  merged.   In
                           this  case,  the  oversize  value is equal to the minimum spacing rule
                           between two edges of the same layer divided by 2, minus  the  physical
                           grid.
                           Some  layers  never create notch, such as RDS_VIA1 or RDS_CONT, so the
                           oversize value is null.

       Ring width          TABLE S2R_BLOC_RING_WIDTH
                           s2r must merge segments to erase notches even if those segments are in
                           two  different hierarchical level blocs, for example, two blocs abuted
                           side to side.  So, it must be able to fetch segments inside blocs.  It
                           is  not  needed  to flatten the entire bloc, only a ring is necessary.
                           The ring is computed from the abutment box edges or from  the  envelop
                           edges of the overlapping blocs.
                           An example of this table is given below.

       TABLE S2R_BLOC_RING_WIDTH

         RDS_NWELL   6
         RDS_POLY    1.8
         RDS_GATE    1.8
         RDS_ALU1    1.8
         RDS_ALU2    1.8
         RDS_ACTIV   2.4
         RDS_NIMP    1.8
         RDS_PIMP    1.8

       END
                           The  normal  ring width is the minimum spacing design rule between two
                           segments of the same rds layer.
                           A zero means that no ring is wanted for that rds layer.

       Minimum real layer width design rule
                           TABLE S2R_MINIMUM_LAYER_WIDTH
                           This table contains the minimum width of each rds layer.  It  is  used
                           by s2r to avoid creating rectangles below the minimum required, during
                           the merge operation.

       TABLE S2R_MINIMUM_LAYER_WIDTH
         RDS_NWELL   6
         RDS_POLY    1.2
         RDS_GATE    1.2
         RDS_ALU1    1.8
         RDS_ALU2    1.8
         RDS_ACTIV   1.2
         RDS_NIMP    2.7
         RDS_PIMP    2.7

       END
                           A zero can be specified, when it is sure that this layer is not to  be
                           merged, because not treated by s2r.

       Post treatment configuration table
                           TABLE S2R_POST_TREAT
                           This  table  indicates to s2r which rds layers must be post-processed.
                           Precicely if a layer is only to be be translated,  or  translated  and
                           then post-processed.  Translated means translate and fit from symbolic
                           to real, and postreated  that  it  should  also  be  merged  with  its
                           neighbours.   For  example, it's not necesary to merge cut layers such
                           as RDS_CONT.

       TABLE S2R_POST_TREAT

         RDS_NWELL        TREAT NULL
         RDS_PWELL      NOTREAT NULL
         RDS_NDIF       NOTREAT NULL
         RDS_PDIF       NOTREAT NULL
         RDS_NTIE       NOTREAT NULL
         RDS_PTIE       NOTREAT NULL
         RDS_POLY         TREAT NULL
         RDS_GATE         TREAT NULL
         RDS_TPOLY      NOTREAT NULL
         RDS_CONT       NOTREAT NULL
         RDS_ALU1         TREAT NULL
         RDS_TALU1      NOTREAT NULL
         RDS_VIA1       NOTREAT NULL
         RDS_ALU2         TREAT NULL
         RDS_TALU2      NOTREAT NULL
         RDS_VIA2       NOTREAT NULL
         RDS_ALU3       NOTREAT NULL
         RDS_TALU3      NOTREAT NULL
         RDS_ACTIV        TREAT NULL
         RDS_NIMP         TREAT RDS_PIMP
         RDS_PIMP         TREAT RDS_NIMP
         RDS_REF        NOTREAT NULL
         RDS_ABOX       NOTREAT NULL

       END
                           If set to NOTREAT, the first parameter indicates  a  translation.   If
                           set to TREAT, then the layer is translated and then post-treated
                           To  post-process creates problems with the implantation layers.  It is
                           possible to have a good  symbolic  layout  (no  symbolic  design  rule
                           errors), and have a resulting layout with DRC violations, created by a
                           poor post-processing.  It is due to the fact that these layers do  not
                           exist   in  symbolic,  so  it  is  not  possible  to  apply  them  drc
                           verifications.  If two rectangles of these layers are too close  (less
                           than  a  given  value),  they  must be merged.  Generally, there is no
                           problem, but when corners are too near it is impossible to merge  with
                           the classical algorithm, expand, merge, then shrink.
                           Rectangles,  known as scotches, are created to merge anyway, like this
                           :

       +--------+            +--------+           +-----+--+
       |////////|            |////////|           |/////|//|
       |//+--+//|            |//+--+//|           |//+--|//|
       |//|  |//|  gives ->  |//|  |//|     or -> |//|  |//|
       |//+--+//|            +-----------+        |//+--|//|
       |////////|            |///////////|        |/////|//|
       +--------+            +--------+//|        +-----|//|
           ^    +--------+            |//|-----+        |//+--------+
           |    |////////|            |//|/////|        |///////////|
           o--->|//+--+//|            |//|--+//|        +-----------+
           |    |//|  |//|            |//|  |//|           |//|  |//|
       implant  |//+--+//|            |//|--+//|           |//|--+//|
        areas   |////////|            |//|/////|           |//|/////|
                +--------+            +--+-----+           +--+-----+
                           A N implantation layer should not overlap a P  implantation  one.   We
                           say  that  P  implantations  and  N implantations are complementary. A
                           scotch will not be created if it intersects with any of the rectangles
                           of the complementary layers.
                           If  a  record  contains in the second field a rds layer different from
                           NULL, it indicates the complementary layer.  This implies that  if  it
                           is  a  layer  that  might  need scotches the algorithm will try not to
                           intersect with it when creating scotches.

       Extraction graph table
                           TABLE LYNX_GRAPH
                           This table gives the connexion graph between the rds layers.  For each
                           layer,  the list of the connectable layers is written.  Up to now, the
                           extractor works only on translated symbolic layout.

       TABLE LYNX_GRAPH

         RDS_NDIF RDS_CONT RDS_NDIF
         RDS_PDIF RDS_CONT RDS_PDIF
         RDS_NTIE RDS_CONT RDS_NTIE
         RDS_PTIE RDS_CONT RDS_PTIE
         RDS_POLY RDS_CONT RDS_GATE RDS_POLY
         RDS_GATE RDS_POLY RDS_GATE
         RDS_CONT RDS_PDIF RDS_NDIF RDS_POLY RDS_PTIE RDS_NTIE RDS_ALU1 RDS_CONT
         RDS_ALU1 RDS_CONT RDS_VIA1 RDS_ALU1 RDS_REF
         RDS_REF  RDS_CONT RDS_VIA1 RDS_ALU1 RDS_REF
         RDS_VIA1 RDS_ALU1 RDS_ALU2 RDS_VIA1
         RDS_ALU2 RDS_VIA1 RDS_VIA2 RDS_ALU2
         RDS_VIA2 RDS_ALU2 RDS_ALU3 RDS_VIA2
         RDS_ALU3 RDS_VIA2 RDS_ALU3

       END

       Extraction capacitance table
                           TABLE LYNX_CAPA
                           This table gives the capacitance in picofarad  per  square  lambda  of
                           each  layer.   The extractor computes only substrat capacitances.  The
                           capacitances  associated  with  gate  or  drain  or  sources  are  not
                           computed.   On  the  other hand the transistor sizes (area, perimeter)
                           are computed.  (This is to ensure compatibility with Spice).

       TABLE LYNX_CAPA

         RDS_POLY    1.00e-04
         RDS_ALU1    0.50e-04
         RDS_ALU2    0.25e-04

       END

       Cif translation table
                           TABLE CIF_LAYER
                           This table gives the equivalence between  internal  layers  and  their
                           representation  in  the  cif  file format.  A table may look like that
                           (for MOSIS layers):

       TABLE CIF_LAYER

         RDS_NWELL   CWN
         RDS_PWELL   CWP
         RDS_ACTIV   CAA
         RDS_NIMP    CSN
         RDS_PIMP    CSP
         RDS_POLY    CPG
         RDS_GATE    CPG
         RDS_CONT    CCA
         RDS_ALU1    CMF
         RDS_VIA1    CVA
         RDS_ALU2    CMS

       END

       Gds translation table
                           TABLE GDS_LAYER
                           This table gives the equivalence between  internal  layers  and  there
                           representation  in  the gds file.  A table may look like that (for CMP
                           layers):

       TABLE GDS_LAYER

         RDS_NWELL    1
         RDS_POLY    11
         RDS_GATE    11
         RDS_CONT    16
         RDS_ALU1    17
         RDS_VIA1    18
         RDS_ALU2    19
         RDS_ACTIV    2
         RDS_NIMP    12
         RDS_PIMP    14
         RDS_CPAS    20

       END

SEE ALSO

       Insights on the symbolic to real translation process are available in the file mapping.ps