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NAME

       makeindex - a general purpose, formatter-independent index processor

SYNOPSIS

       makeindex  [-c]  [-g]  [-i] [-l] [-o ind] [-p num] [-q] [-r] [-s sfile] [-t log] [-L] [-T]
       [idx0 idx1 idx2...]

DESCRIPTION

       The program makeindex is a general purpose hierarchical index generator; it accepts one or
       more  input  files  (often produced by a text formatter such as TeX (tex(1L)) or troff(1),
       sorts the entries, and produces an output file which can be formatted.  The index can have
       up  to  three levels (0, 1, and 2) of subitem nesting.  The way in which words are flagged
       for indexing within the main document is specific to the formatter  used;  makeindex  does
       not  automate  the process of selecting these words.  As the output index is hierarchical,
       makeindex can be considered complimentary to the  awk(1)-based  make.index(1L)  system  of
       Bentley  and Kernighan, which is specific to troff(1), generates non-hierarchical indices,
       and employs a much simpler syntax for indicating index entries.  For illustration  of  use
       with troff and TeX, see the section EXAMPLES below.

       The formats of the input and output files are specified in a style file; by default, input
       is assumed to be a .idx file, as generated by LaTeX.

       Unless specified explicitly, the base name of the first  input  file  (idx0)  is  used  to
       determine  the  names  of other files.  For each input file name specified, a file of that
       name is sought.  If this file is not found  and  the  file  name  has  no  extension,  the
       extension .idx is appended.  If no file with this name is found, makeindex aborts.

       If  exactly  one  input  file was given and no explicit style file was specified using -s,
       makeindex uses a file with the extension .mst as default style file (when present).

       For important notes on how to select index keywords, see the  document  by  Lamport  cited
       below.   As  an  issue  separate from selecting index keywords, a systematic mechanism for
       placing index terms in a document is suggested in  Index  Preparation  and  Processing,  a
       paper cited below.

OPTIONS

       -c        Compress  intermediate  blanks  (ignoring leading and trailing blanks and tabs).
                 By default, blanks in the index key are retained.

       -g        Employ German word ordering in the index, in accord with rules set forth in  DIN
                 5007.   By  default,  makeindex  employs a word ordering in which precedence is:
                 symbols, numbers, uppercase letters, lowercase letters.  The sequence in  German
                 word  ordering  is:  symbols,  lowercase  letters,  uppercase  letters, numbers.
                 Additionally, this option enables makeindex to recognize the German TeX-commands
                 {"a,  "o,  "u  and "s} as {ae, oe, ue and ss} during the sorting of the entries.
                 The quote character must be redefined in a style  file  (for  example,  redefine
                 quote  as '+').  If the quote character is not redefined, makeindex will produce
                 an error message and abort.

       -i        Take input from stdin.  When this option is specified and -o is not,  output  is
                 written to stdout.

       -l        Letter ordering; by default, word ordering is used (see the ORDERING section).

       -o ind    Employ  ind  as  the output index file.  By default, the file name is created by
                 appending the extension .ind to the base name of the first input file (idx0).

       -p num    Set the starting page number of the output index file to be num (useful when the
                 index file is to be formatted separately).  The argument num may be numerical or
                 one of the following:

                 any       The starting page is the last source page number plus 1.

                 odd       The starting page is the first odd page following the last source page
                           number.

                 even      The  starting  page  is  the first even page following the last source
                           page number.

                 The last source page is obtained by searching backward in the log file  for  the
                 first instance of a number included within paired square brackets ([...]).  If a
                 page number is missing or the log file is not found, no attempt will be made  to
                 set  the  starting  page  number.   The  source  log  file name is determined by
                 appending the extension .log to the base name of the first input file (idx0).

       -q        Quiet mode; send no messages to stderr.  By default, progress and error messages
                 are sent to stderr as well as to the transcript file.

       -r        Disable  implicit  page  range  formation;  page ranges must be created by using
                 explicit range operators; see SPECIAL EFFECTS below.  By default, three or  more
                 successive pages are automatically abbreviated as a range (e.g. 1—5).

       -s sty    Employ  sty as the style file (no default).  The environment variable INDEXSTYLE
                 defines the path where the style file should be found.

       -t log    Employ log as the transcript file.  By default, the  file  name  is  created  by
                 appending the extension .ilg to the base name of the first input file (idx0).

       -L        sort based on locale settings. Not available on all systems.

       -T        special support for Thai documents. Not available on all systems.

STYLE FILE

       The style file informs makeindex about the format of the .idx input files and the intended
       format of the final output file; examples appear below.  This file can reside anywhere  in
       the  path  defined by the environment variable INDEXSTYLE.  The style file contains a list
       of <specifier, attribute> pairs.  There are two types of  specifiers:  input  and  output.
       Pairs  do  not  have to appear in any particular order.  A line begun by `%' is a comment.
       In the following list of  specifiers  and  arguments,  <string>  is  an  arbitrary  string
       delimited  by  double  quotes ("..."), <char> is a single letter embraced by single quotes
       ('...'), and <number> is a nonnegative integer.  The maximum length of a <string> is 2048.
       A  literal backslash or quote must be escaped (by a backslash).  Anything not specified in
       the style file will be assigned a default value,  which  is  shown  at  the  head  of  the
       rightmost column.

   INPUT STYLE SPECIFIERS
       actual <char>            ´@´
                                Symbol  indicating that the next entry is to appear in the output
                                file.

       arg_close <char>         ´}´
                                Closing delimiter for the index entry argument.

       arg_open <char>          ´{´
                                Opening delimiter for the index entry argument.

       encap <char>             ´|´
                                Symbol indicating that the rest of the argument  list  is  to  be
                                used as the encapsulating command for the page number.

       escape <char>            ´\\´
                                Symbol  which  escapes the following letter, unless its preceding
                                letter is escape.  Note: quote is used to escape the letter which
                                immediately  follows  it,  but if it is preceded by escape, it is
                                treated as a ordinary  character.   These  two  symbols  must  be
                                distinct.

       keyword <string>         "\\indexentry"
                                Command  which  tells  makeindex  that  its  argument is an index
                                entry.

       level <char>             ´!´
                                Delimiter denoting a new level of subitem.

       page_compositor <string> "-"
                                Delimiter separating  parts  of  a  composite  page  number  (see
                                SPECIAL EFFECTS below).

       quote <char>             ´"´
                                Note:  quote  is  used  to  escape  the  letter which immediately
                                follows it, but if it is preceded by escape, it is treated  as  a
                                ordinary character.  These two symbols must be distinct.

       range_close <char>       ´)´
                                Closing delimiter indicating the end of an explicit page range.

       range_open <char>        ´(´
                                Opening  delimiter  indicating  the beginning of an explicit page
                                range.

   OUTPUT STYLE SPECIFIERS
       preamble <string>        "\\begin{theindex}\n"
                                Preamble of output file.

       postamble <string>       "\n\n\\end{theindex}\n"
                                Postamble of output file.

       setpage_prefix <string>  "\n  \\setcounter{page}{"
                                Prefix of command which sets the starting page number.

       setpage_suffix <string>  "}\n"
                                Suffix of command which sets the starting page number.

       group_skip <string>      "\n\n  \\indexspace\n"
                                Vertical space to be inserted before a new group begins.

       headings_flag <string>   0
                                Flag  indicating  treatment  of  new  group  headers,  which  are
                                inserted  when  before  a new group (symbols, numbers, and the 26
                                letters):  positive  values  cause  an  uppercase  letter  to  be
                                inserted  between  prefix and suffix, and negative values cause a
                                lowercase letter to be inserted (default is 0, which produces  no
                                header).

       heading_prefix <string>  ""
                                Header prefix to be inserted before a new letter begins.

       symhead_positive <string>
                                "Symbols"
                                Heading for symbols to be inserted if headings_flag is positive.

       symhead_negative <string>
                                "symbols"
                                Heading for symbols to be inserted if headings_flag is negative.

       numhead_positive <string>
                                "Numbers"
                                Heading for numbers to be inserted if headings_flag is positive.

       numhead_negative <string>
                                "numbers"
                                Heading for numbers to be inserted if headings_flag is negative.

       item_0 <string>          "\n  \\item "
                                Command to be inserted between two primary (level 0) items.

       item_1 <string>          "\n     \\subitem "
                                Command to be inserted between two secondary (level 1) items.

       item_2 <string>          "\n       \\subsubitem "
                                Command to be inserted between two level 2 items.

       item_01  <string>        "\n    \\subitem "
                                Command to be inserted between a level 0 item and a level 1 item.

       item_x1 <string>         "\n    \\subitem "
                                Command to be inserted between a level 0 item and a level 1 item,
                                where the level 0 item does not have associated page numbers.

       item_12 <string>         "\n    \\subsubitem "
                                Command to be inserted between a level 1 item and a level 2 item.

       item_x2 <string>         "\n    \\subsubitem "
                                Command to be inserted between a level 1 item and a level 2 item,
                                where the level 1 item does not have associated page numbers.

       delim_0 <string>         ", "
                                Delimiter to be inserted between a level 0 key and its first page
                                number (default: comma followed by a blank).

       delim_1 <string>         ", "
                                Delimiter to be inserted between a level 1 key and its first page
                                number (default: comma followed by a blank).

       delim_2 <string>         ", "
                                Delimiter to be inserted between a level 2 key and its first page
                                number (default: comma followed by a blank).

       delim_n <string>         ", "
                                Delimiter to be inserted between two page numbers  for  the  same
                                key in any level (default: comma followed by a blank).

       delim_r <string>         "--"
                                Delimiter  to  be  inserted  between the starting and ending page
                                numbers of a range.

       delim_t <string>         ""
                                Delimiter to be inserted  at  the  end  of  a  page  list.   This
                                delimiter  has no effect on entries which have no associated page
                                list.

       encap_prefix <string>    "\\"
                                First part of prefix for the command which encapsulates the  page
                                number.

       encap_infix <string>     "{"
                                Second part of prefix for the command which encapsulates the page
                                number.

       encap_suffix <string>    "}".
                                Suffix for the command which encapsulates the page number.

       line_max <number>        72
                                Maximum length of a line in  the  output,  beyond  which  a  line
                                wraps.

       indent_space <string>    "\t\t"
                                Space  to  be  inserted  in front of a wrapped line (default: two
                                tabs).

       indent_length <number>   16
                                Length of indent_space (default: 16, equivalent to 2 tabs).

       suffix_2p <string>       ""
                                Delimiter to replace the range  delimiter  and  the  second  page
                                number  of  a  two page list. When present, it overrides delim_r.
                                Example: "f.".

       suffix_3p <string>       ""
                                Delimiter to replace the range  delimiter  and  the  second  page
                                number  of  a three page list. When present, it overrides delim_r
                                and suffix_mp.  Example: "ff.".

       suffix_mp <string>       ""
                                Delimiter to replace the range  delimiter  and  the  second  page
                                number  of  a  multiple  page  list  (three  or more pages). When
                                present, it overrides delim_r.  Example: "f.".

EXAMPLES

   TeX EXAMPLE
       The following example shows a style file called book.ist, which defines  an  index  for  a
       book which can be formatted independently of the main source:

              preamble
              "\\documentstyle[12pt]{book}
              \\begin{document}
              \\begin{theindex}
              {\\small\n"
              postamble
              "\n\n}
              \\end{theindex}
              \\end{document}\n"

       Assuming  that  a  particular  book  style requires the index (as well as any chapters) to
       start from an odd page number, and that the input file is  named  foo.idx,  the  following
       command line produces output in file footmp.ind:

              makeindex  -s book.ist  -o footmp.ind  -p odd  foo

       Here  a  non-default  output file name is used to avoid clobbering the output for the book
       itself (presumably foo.dvi, which would have been the default name for  the  index  output
       file!).

   TROFF EXAMPLE
       A  sample  control  file  for  creating an index, which we will assume resides in the file
       sample.ist:

              keyword "IX:"
              preamble
              ".\\\" start of index output
              \".\\\" enter two column mode
              .2C
              .SH
              .ce
              INDEX
              .XS
              INDEX
              .XE
              .R
              .ps 9p
              .vs 11p
              .sp
              .de I1
              .ti 0.25i
              ..
              .de I2
              .ti 0.5i
              .."
              postamble "\n.\\\" end of index output"
              setpage_prefix "\n.nr % "
              setpage_suffix ""
              group_skip "\n.sp 1.0"
              headings_flag 1
              heading_prefix "\n.IS\n"
              heading_suffix "\n.IE"
              item_0 "\n.br\n"
              item_1 "\n.I1\n"
              item_2 "\n.I2\n"
              item_01 "\n.I1\n"
              item_x1 "\n.I1\n"
              item_12 "\n.I2\n"
              item_x2 "\n.I2\n"
              delim_0 ", "
              delim_1 ", "
              delim_2 ", "
              delim_r "-"
              delim_t "."
              encap_prefix "\\fB"
              encap_infix ""
              encap_suffix "\\fP"
              indent_space ""
              indent_length 0

       The local macro package may require modification, as in this example of  an  extension  to
       the -ms macros (note that at some sites, this macro should replace a pre-existing macro of
       the same name):

              .
              .de IX
              .ie '\\n(.z'' .tm IX: \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 \\$9 {\\n(PN}
              .el \\!.IX \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 \\$9 {\\n(PN}
              ..

       (note that the string {\\n(PN} is separated from the rest of the line by a tab.   If  your
       local  macro  package  does  not  contain  this extension, just include those lines at the
       beginning of your file.  Here is a simple troff(1) input file, which  we  will  assume  is
       named sample.txt:

              This is a sample file to test the \fImakeindex\fP(1L)
              program, and see
              .IX {indexing!programs!C language}
              .IX {makeindex@\fImakeindex\fP(1L)}
              .bp
              .rs
              .IX {Knuth}
              .IX {typesetting!computer-aided}
              how well it functions in the \fItroff\fP(1) environment.

       Note that index entries are indicated by the .IX macro, which causes the following text to
       be written to stdout along with the current page number.

   CREATING THE INDEX FILE IN THE BOURNE SHELL
       To create an input file for makeindex, in the Bourne shell environment, do the  equivalent
       at your site of the command:

       psroff -ms -Tpsc -t sample.txt > /dev/null 2> sample.tmp

       Some  sites  will  require  ditroff  instead  of  psroff.  To filter out any genuine error
       messages, invoke grep(1):

              grep '^IX: ' sample.tmp > sample.idx

   CREATING THE INDEX FILE USING UCSF ENHANCED TROFF/TRANSCRIPT
       With UCSF Enhanced  troff/TRANSCRIPT,  the  -I  option  of  psroff(1L)  can  produce  both
       formatter output and an index file:

              psroff -ms -I sample.inp -Tpsc sample.txt

       If it is wished to suppress the formatter output:

              psroff -ms -I sample.inp -Tpsc -t sample.txt > /dev/null

   COMPLETING THE INDEX
       Any  of  the above procedures leaves the input for makeindex in sample.inp.  The next step
       is to invoke makeindex:

              makeindex -s sample.ist sample.idx

       This leaves troff(1)-ready output in the file sample.ind.

ORDERING

       By default, makeindex assumes word ordering;  if  the  -l  option  is  in  effect,  letter
       ordering  is used.  In word ordering, a blank precedes any letter in the alphabet, whereas
       in letter ordering, it does not count at  all.   This  is  illustrated  by  the  following
       example:

              word order                      letter order
              sea lion                        seal
              seal                            sea lion

       Numbers are always sorted in numeric order.  For instance,

              9 (nine),  123
              10 (ten), see Derek, Bo

       Letters  are  first sorted without regard to case; when words are identical, the uppercase
       version precedes its lowercase counterpart.

       A special symbol is defined here to be any character not appearing in the union of  digits
       and  the  English  alphabetic  characters.  Patterns starting with special symbols precede
       numbers, which precede patterns starting with  letters.   As  a  special  case,  a  string
       starting  with  a  digit  but mixed with non-digits is considered to be a pattern starting
       with a special character.

SPECIAL EFFECTS

       Entries such as

              \indexentry{alpha}{1}
              \indexentry{alpha!beta}{3}
              \indexentry{alpha!beta!gamma}{10}

       in the input file will be converted to

              \item alpha, 1
                 \subitem beta, 3
                    \subsubitem gamma, 10

       in the output index file.  Notice that the level symbol (`!') is  used  above  to  delimit
       hierarchical levels.

       It  is  possible  to  make  an  item appear in a designated form by using the actual (`@')
       operator.  For instance,

              \indexentry{alpha@{\it alpha\/}}{1}

       will become

              \item {\it alpha\/},  1

       after processing.  The pattern preceding  `@'  is  used  as  sort  key,  whereas  the  one
       following  it  is  written to the output file.  Note that two appearances of the same key,
       one with and one without the actual operator, are regarded as distinct entries.

       The item, subitem, and subsubitem fields may have individual sort keys:

              \indexentry{aa@{\it aa\/}!bb@{\it bb\/}!cc@{\it cc\/}}{1}

       This will be converted to

              \item {\it aa}, 1
                 \subitem {\it bb}, 3
                    \subsubitem {\it cc}, 10

       It is possible to encapsulate a page number with a  designated  command  using  the  encap
       (`|') operator:

              \indexentry{alpha|bold}{1}

       will be converted to

              \item alpha, \bold{1}

       where,  with  a  suitable  definition  for  TeX, \bold{n} will expand to {\bf n}.  In this
       example, the three output attributes  associated  with  page  encapsulation  encap_prefix,
       encap_infix,  and  encap_suffix,  correspond  to  backslash,  left brace, and right brace,
       respectively.  This mechanism allows page numbers to  be  set  in  different  fonts.   For
       example,  the  page  where  the  definition  of  a keyword appears can be in one font, the
       location of a primary example can be in another font, and other appearances in yet a third
       font.

       The encap operator can also be used to create cross references in the index:

              \indexentry{alpha|see{beta}}{1}

       will become

              \item alpha, \see{beta}{1}

       in the output file, where

              \see{beta}{1}

       will expand to

              {\it see\/} beta

       Note that in a cross reference like this the page number disappears.

       A  pair  of  encap  concatenated  with range_open (`|(') and range_close (`|)') creates an
       explicit page range:

              \indexentry{alpha|(}{1}
              \indexentry{alpha|)}{5}

       will become

              \item alpha, 1—5

       Intermediate pages indexed by the same key will be merged into the range implicitly.  This
       is  especially  useful when an entire section about a particular subject is to be indexed,
       in which case only the range opening and closing operators need  to  be  inserted  at  the
       beginning and end of the section.  Explicit page range formation can also include an extra
       command to set the page range in a designated font:

              \indexentry{alpha|(bold}{1}
              \indexentry{alpha|)}{5}

       will become

              \item alpha, \bold{1--5}

       Several potential problems are worth mentioning.  First, entries like

              \indexentry{alpha|(}{1}
              \indexentry{alpha|bold}{3}
              \indexentry{alpha|)}{5}

       will be interpreted as

              \item alpha, \bold{3}, 1--5

       but with a warning message in the  transcript  about  encountering  an  inconsistent  page
       encapsulator.   An explicit range beginning in a Roman page number and ending in Arabic is
       also considered an error.  In this instance, (if possible) the range is  broken  into  two
       subranges, one in Roman and the other in Arabic.  For instance,

              \indexentry{alpha|(}{i}
              \indexentry{alpha}{iv}
              \indexentry{alpha}{3}
              \indexentry{alpha|)}{7}

       will be turned into

              \item alpha, i--iv, 3--7

       with  a  warning  message  in  the  transcript  file  complaining  about  an illegal range
       formation.

       Every special symbol mentioned in this section may be escaped by the quote operator (`"').
       Thus

              \indexentry{alpha"@beta}{1}

       will actually become

              \item alpha@beta,  1

       as  a  result  of  executing makeindex.  The quoting power of quote is eliminated if it is
       immediately preceded by escape (`\').  For example,

              \indexentry{f\"ur}{1}

       becomes

              \item f\"ur, 1

       which represents an umlaut-accented `u' to the TeX family of processors.

       A page number can be a composite of one or more fields separated by the delimiter bound to
       page_compositor (`-'), e.g., II-12 for page 12 of Chapter II.  Page numbers may contain up
       to ten fields.

       Since version 2.11 of makeindex, the quote operator may quote any character in the range 1
       ...  255.    Character 0 is excluded because it is used internally in the makeindex source
       code as a string terminator.  With this change, sort keys can be created for all eight-bit
       characters except 0.  The sorting order is

              punctuation characters (in ASCII order),
              digits,
              control characters (1 ... 31),
              space (32),
              letters (ignoring case),
              characters 127 ... 255.

       Here  is  an  example  showing  the  indexing of all printable ASCII characters other than
       letters and digits, assuming the default TeX format.  For  convenience,  the  page  number
       references are the corresponding ASCII ordinal values.

              \indexentry{" @"  (space)}{32}
              \indexentry{"!@"! (exclamation point)}{33}
              \indexentry{""@"" (quotation mark)}{34}
              \indexentry{"#@"\# (sharp sign)}{35}
              \indexentry{"$@"\$ (dollar sign)}{36}
              \indexentry{"%@"\% (percent sign)}{37}
              \indexentry{"&@"\& (ampersand)}{38}
              \indexentry{"<@"$<$ (left angle bracket)}{60}
              \indexentry{"=@"= (equals)}{61}
              \indexentry{">@"$>$ (right angle bracket)}{62}
              \indexentry{"?@"? (query)}{63}
              \indexentry{"@@"@ (at sign)}{64}
              \indexentry{"[@"[ (left square bracket)}{91}
              \indexentry{"\@"\verb=\= (backslash)}{92}
              \indexentry{"]@"] (right square bracket)}{93}
              \indexentry{"^@"\verb=^= (caret)}{94}
              \indexentry{"_@"\verb=_= (underscore)}{95}
              \indexentry{"`@"\verb=~= (grave accent)}{96}
              \indexentry{"{@"\"{ (left brace)}{123}
              \indexentry{"|@"\verb="|= (vertical bar)}{124}
              \indexentry{"}@"\"} (right brace)}{125}
              \indexentry{"~@"\verb=~= (tilde)}{126}

       Characters   in  the  actual  fields  following  the  `@'  character  which  have  special
       significance to TeX must be represented as control sequences, or as math mode  characters.
       Note particularly how the entries for the at sign, left and right braces, and the vertical
       bar, are coded.  The index file output by makeindex for this example looks like this:

              \begin{theindex}

                \item ! (exclamation point), 33
                \item " (quotation mark), 34
                \item \# (sharp sign), 35
                \item \$ (dollar sign), 36
                \item \% (percent sign), 37
                \item \& (ampersand), 38
                \item $<$ (left angle bracket), 60
                \item = (equals), 61
                \item $>$ (right angle bracket), 62
                \item ? (query), 63
                \item @ (at sign), 64
                \item [ (left square bracket), 91
                \item \verb=\= (backslash), 92
                \item ] (right square bracket), 93
                \item \verb=^= (caret), 94
                \item \verb=_= (underscore), 95
                \item \verb=~= (grave accent), 96
                \item \{ (left brace), 123
                \item \verb=|= (vertical bar), 124
                \item \} (right brace), 125
                \item \verb=~= (tilde), 126

                \indexspace

                \item   (space), 32

              \end{theindex}

FILES

       makeindex             executable file

       $TEXMFMAIN/tex/plain/misc/idxmac.tex
                             TeX macro file used by makeindex

       $TEXMFMAIN/tex/latex/base/makeidx.sty
                             TeX macro file used by makeindex

SEE ALSO

       ditroff(1L), latex(1L), make.index (1L), qsort(3), tex(1L), troff(1L)

       UCSF Enhanced troff/TRANSCRIPT  An Overview, R. P. C.  Rodgers  and  Conrad  Huang,  LSMB
       Technical Report 90-2, UCSF School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, 1990.

       Index  Preparation and Processing, Pehong Chen and Michael A. Harrison, Software: Practice
       and Experience, 19(9), 897–915, September 1988.

       Automating Index Preparation, Pehong Chen  and  Michael  A.  Harrison.   Technical  Report
       87/347,  Computer  Science  Division,  University  of  California, Berkeley, 1987 (a LaTeX
       document supplied with makeindex).

       MakeIndex: An Index Processor for LaTeX, Leslie Lamport, February 1987 (a  LaTeX  document
       supplied with makeindex).

       Tools for Printing Indices, Jon L. Bentley and Brian W. Kernighan, Electronic Publishing 
       Origination, Dissemination,  and  Design,  1(1),  3–18,  June  1988  (also  available  as:
       Computing Science Technical Report No. 128, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974,
       1986).

AUTHOR

       Pehong Chen, Chen & Harrison International Systems, Inc.  Palo Alto, California, USA.
       Manual page extensively revised and corrected, and troff(1) examples created by Rick P. C.
       Rodgers, UCSF School of Pharmacy <rodgers@cca.ucsf.edu>.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

       Leslie  Lamport  contributed  significantly  to  the  design.   Michael  Harrison provided
       valuable comments and suggestions.  Nelson Beebe improved on  the  portable  version,  and
       maintains  the source distribution for the TeX Users Group.  Andreas Brosig contributed to
       the German word ordering.  The modification to the -ms macros was derived  from  a  method
       proposed  by  Ravi  Sethi  of  AT&T  Bell  Laboratories.  The LOG and CONTRIB files in the
       makeindex source distribution record other contributions.