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NAME

       sdcc - Small Device C Compiler

SYNOPSIS

       sdcc [options] filename

WARNING

       The information in this man page is an extract from the full documentation of SDCC, and is
       limited to the meaning of the options.

       For complete and current documentation, refer to the SDCC Compiler User Guide.

DESCRIPTION

       SDCC is a Freeware, retargettable, optimizing ANSI-C compiler. The current version targets
       Intel  MCS51  based Microprocessors(8051, 8052, etc), Zilog Z80 based MCUs, and the Dallas
       DS80C390 variant. It can be retargetted for other microprocessors, support  for  PIC,  AVR
       and 186 is under development.

       SDCC  uses  ASXXXX  &  ASLINK,  a  Freeware,  retargettable  assembler & linker.  SDCC has
       extensive  language  extensions  suitable  for  utilizing  various  microcontrollers   and
       underlying hardware effectively.

       The  compiler  also allows inline assembler code to be embedded anywhere in a function. In
       addition, routines developed in assembly can also be called.

PROCESSOR SELECTION OPTIONS

       -mmcs51
              Generate code for the MCS51 (8051)  family  of  processors.  This  is  the  default
              processor target.

       -mds390
              Generate code for the DS80C390 processor.

       -mds400
              Generate code for the DS80C400 processor.

       -mz80  Generate code for the Z80 family of processors.

       -mgbz80
              Generate code for the GameBoy Z80 processor.

       -mavr  Generate code for the Atmel AVR processor (In development, not complete).

       -mpic14
              Generate code for the PIC 14-bit processors (In development, not complete).

       -mpic16
              Generate code for the PIC 14-bit processors (In development, not complete).

       -mtlcs900h
              Generate  code  for the Toshiba TLCS-900H processor (In development, not complete).
              -mxa51  Generate  code  for  the  Phillips  XA51  processor  (In  development,  not
              complete).

PREPROCESSOR OPTIONS

       -I<path>
              The  additional  location  where  the  pre processor will look for `<..h>' or `..h'
              files.

       -D <macro[=value]>
              Command line definition of macros. Passed to the pre processor.

       -M     Tell  the  preprocessor  to  output  a  rule  suitable  for  make  describing   the
              dependencies  of  each  object file. For each source file, the preprocessor outputs
              one make-rule whose target is the object file name for that source file  and  whose
              dependencies are all the files `#include'd in it. This rule may be a single line or
              may be continued with `\'-newline if it is long.  The list of rules is  printed  on
              standard output instead of the preprocessed C program.  `-M' implies `-E'.

       -C     Tell the preprocessor not to discard comments. Used with the `-E' option.

       -MM    Like  `-M'  but  the  output  mentions  only  the  user  header files included with
              `#include "file"'. System header files included with `#include <file>' are omitted.

       -A question(answer)
              Assert the answer answer for question, in case it is  tested  with  a  preprocessor
              conditional   such   as  `#if  #question(answer)'.   `-A-'  disables  the  standard
              assertions that normally describe the target machine.

       -A question
              (answer) Assert the answer answer for  question,  in  case  it  is  tested  with  a
              preprocessor  conditional  such  as  `#if  #question(answer)'.   `-A-' disables the
              standard assertions that normally describe the target machine.

       -Umacro
              Undefine macro macro.  `-U' options are  evaluated  after  all  `-D'  options,  but
              before any `-include' and `-imacros' options.

       -dM    Tell  the  preprocessor  to output only a list of the macro definitions that are in
              effect at the end of preprocessing. Used with the '-E' option.

       -dD    Tell the preprocessor to pass all macro  definitions  into  the  output,  in  their
              proper sequence in the rest of the output.

       -dN    Like  `-dD'except  that the macro arguments and contents are omitted. Only `#define
              name' is included in the output.

LINKER OPTIONS

       -L, -lib-path<absolute path to additional libraries>
              This option is passed to the linkage editor's additional libraries search path. The
              path  name  must  be  absolute.  Additional  library  files may be specified in the
              command line. See section Compiling programs for more details.

       --xram-loc <Value>
              The start location of the external ram, default value is 0. The value  entered  can
              be in Hexadecimal or Decimal format, e.g.: --xram-loc 0x8000 or --xram-loc 32768.

       --code-loc <Value>
              The  start  location of the code segment, default value 0. Note when this option is
              used the interrupt vector table is also relocated to the given address.  The  value
              entered can be in Hexadecimal or Decimal format, e.g.: --code-loc 0x8000 or --code-
              loc 32768.

       --stack-loc <Value>
              The initial value of the stack pointer. The default value of the stack  pointer  is
              0x07  if  only  register  bank 0 is used, if other register banks are used then the
              stack pointer is initialized to the location above the highest register bank  used.
              eg.  if  register  banks  1 & 2 are used the stack pointer will default to location
              0x18. The value entered can be in Hexadecimal or Decimal format,  eg.   --stack-loc
              0x20  or  --stack-loc  32.  If  all  four register banks are used the stack will be
              placed after the data segment (equivalent to --stack-after-data)

       --stack-after-data
              This option will cause the stack to be located in the internal ram after  the  data
              segment.

       --data-loc <Value>
              The start location of the internal ram data segment, the default value is 0x30. The
              value entered can be in Hexadecimal or Decimal  format,  eg.   --data-loc  0x20  or
              --data-loc 32.

       --idata-loc <Value>
              The  start  location  of  the indirectly addressable internal ram, default value is
              0x80. The value entered can be in Hexadecimal or Decimal format,  eg.   --idata-loc
              0x88 or --idata-loc 136.

       --out-fmt-ihx
              The  linker output (final object code) is in Intel Hex format. (This is the default
              option).

       --out-fmt-s19
              The linker output (final object code) is in Motorola S19 format.

MCS51 OPTIONS

       --model-large
              Generate code for Large model programs see section Memory Models for more  details.
              If this option is used all source files in the project should be compiled with this
              option. In addition the standard library routines are compiled  with  small  model,
              they will need to be recompiled.

       --model-small
              Generate  code for Small Model programs see section Memory Models for more details.
              This is the default model.

DS390 / DS400 OPTIONS

       --model-flat24
              Generate 24-bit flat mode code. This is the  one  and  only  that  the  ds390  code
              generator supports right now and is default when using -mds390.

       --protect-sp-update
              Disable interrupts during ESP:SP updates.

       _--stack-10bit
              Generate  code  for  the 10 bit stack mode of the Dallas DS80C390 part. This is the
              one and only that the ds390 code generator supports right now and is  default  when
              using  -mds390.  In this mode, the stack is located in the lower 1K of the internal
              RAM, which is mapped to 0x400000 . Note that the support is  incomplete,  since  it
              still  uses  a single byte as the stack pointer. This means that only the lower 256
              bytes of the potential 1K stack space will actually be  used.  However,  this  does
              allow  you  to  reclaim  the precious 256 bytes of low RAM for use for the DATA and
              IDATA segments. The compiler will not generate any code to put the  processor  into
              10  bit  stack  mode.  It is important to ensure that the processor is in this mode
              before calling any re-entrant functions compiled with this  option.  In  principle,
              this  should work with the --stack-auto option, but that has not been tested. It is
              incompatible with the --xstack option. It also only makes sense if the processor is
              in 24 bit contiguous addressing mode (see the --model-flat24 option).

Z80 Options

       --callee-saves-bc
              Force a called function to always save BC.

       --no-std-crt0
              When  linking,  skip  the  standard  crt0.o  object file. You must provide your own
              crt0.o for your system when linking.

OPTIMIZATIONS OPTIONS

       --nogcse
              Will not do global subexpression elimination, this option  may  be  used  when  the
              compiler creates undesirably large stack/data spaces to store compiler temporaries.
              A warning message will be  generated  when  this  happens  and  the  compiler  will
              indicate  the  number  of extra bytes it allocated. It recommended that this option
              NOT be  used,  #pragma  NOGCSE  can  be  used  to  turn  off  global  subexpression
              elimination for a given function only.

       --noinvariant
              Will  not  do  loop  invariant  optimizations,  this  may be turned off for reasons
              explained for the previous option. For more details of loop optimizations performed
              see  section  Loop  Invariants.It recommended that this option NOT be used, #pragma
              NOINVARIANT can be used to turn off invariant optimizations for  a  given  function
              only.

       --noinduction
              Will  not  do loop induction optimizations, see section strength reduction for more
              details. It is recommended that this option is NOT used, #pragma NOINDUCTION can be
              used to turn off induction optimizations for a given function only.

       --nojtbound
              Will  not  generate boundary condition check when switch statements are implemented
              using jump-tables. It  is  recommended  that  this  option  is  NOT  used,  #pragma
              NOJTBOUND  can  be  used  to turn off boundary checking for jump tables for a given
              function only.

       --noloopreverse
              Will not do loop reversal optimization.

OTHER OPTIONS

       -c, --compile-only
              will compile and assemble the source, but will not call the linkage editor.

       -E     Run only the C preprocessor. Preprocess all the C source files specified and output
              the results to standard output.

       --stack-auto
              All functions in the source file will be compiled as reentrant, i.e. the parameters
              and local variables will be allocated on the stack. If  this  option  is  used  all
              source files in the project should be compiled with this option.

       --xstack
              Uses  a  pseudo  stack  in  the  first 256 bytes in the external ram for allocating
              variables and passing parameters.

       --callee-saves function1[,function2][,function3]....
              The compiler by default uses a caller saves convention for register  saving  across
              function calls, however this can cause unneccessary register pushing & popping when
              calling small functions from larger functions. This option can be  used  to  switch
              the register saving convention for the function names specified.  The compiler will
              not save registers when calling these functions, no extra code will be generated at
              the  entry & exit for these functions to save & restore the registers used by these
              functions, this can SUBSTANTIALLY reduce code & improve run time performance of the
              generated  code. In the future the compiler (with interprocedural analysis) will be
              able to determine the appropriate scheme to use for each function call.  DO NOT use
              this  option for built-in functions such as _muluint..., if this option is used for
              a library function the appropriate library function needs to be recompiled with the
              same  option.  If the project consists of multiple source files then all the source
              file should be compiled with the same --callee-saves option string.

       --debug
              When this option is used the compiler will generate debug information, that can  be
              used  with  the  SDCDB.  The  debug  information  is  collected in a file with .cdb
              extension.

       --regextend
              This option is obsolete and isn't supported anymore.

       --noregparms
              This option is obsolete and isn't supported anymore.

       --peep-file<filename>
              This option can be used to use additional  rules  to  be  used  by  the  peep  hole
              optimizer.

       -S     Stop  after  the  stage  of  compilation  proper; do not assemble. The output is an
              assembler code file for the input file specified.

       -Wa_asmOption[,asmOption]...]
              Pass the asmOption to the assembler.

       -Wl_linkOption[,linkOption]...]
              Pass the linkOption to the linker.

       --int-long-reent
              Integer (16 bit) and long (32 bit) libraries have been compiled as reentrant.  Note
              by default these libraries are compiled as non-reentrant.

       --cyclomatic
              This  option  will  cause  the compiler to generate an information message for each
              function in the source file. The message contains some important information  about
              the  function.  The  number of edges and nodes the compiler detected in the control
              flow graph of the function, and most importantly the cyclomatic complexity.

       --float-reent
              Floating point library is compiled as reentrant.

       --nooverlay
              The compiler will not overlay parameters and local variables of any  function,  see
              section Parameters and local variables for more details.

       --main-return
              This  option  can  be  used when the code generated is called by a monitor program.
              The compiler will generate a 'ret'  upon  return  from  the  'main'  function.  The
              default option is to lock up i.e. generate a 'ljmp '.

       --no-peep
              Disable peep-hole optimization.

       --peep-asm
              Pass  the  inline  assembler  code  through the peep hole optimizer. This can cause
              unexpected changes to  inline  assembler  code,  please  go  through  the  peephole
              optimizer  rules  defined in the source file tree '<target>/peeph.def' before using
              this option.

       --iram-size <Value>
              Causes the linker to check if the interal ram usage is within limits of  the  given
              value.

       --nostdincl
              This  will  prevent  the  compiler  from passing on the default include path to the
              preprocessor.

       --nostdlib
              This will prevent the compiler from passing on the  default  library  path  to  the
              linker.

       --verbose
              Shows the various actions the compiler is performing.

       -V     Shows the actual commands the compiler is executing.

INTERMEDIATE DUMP OPTIONS

       The  following  options  are  provided  for  the purpose of retargetting and debugging the
       compiler. These provided a means to dump the intermediate code (iCode)  generated  by  the
       compiler in human readable form at various stages of the compilation process.

       --dumpraw
              This  option  will  cause the compiler to dump the intermediate code into a file of
              named <source filename>.   dumpraw  just  after  the  intermediate  code  has  been
              generated for a function, i.e.  before any optimizations are done. The basic blocks
              at this stage ordered in the depth first number, so they may not be in sequence  of
              execution.

       --dumpgcse
              Will  create a dump of iCode's, after global subexpression elimination, into a file
              named <source filename>.dumpgcse.

       --dumpdeadcode
              Will create a dump of iCode's,  after  deadcode  elimination,  into  a  file  named
              <source filename>.dumpdeadcode.

       --dumploop
              Will  create a dump of iCode's, after loop optimizations, into a file named <source
              filename>.dumploop.

       --dumprange
              Will create a dump of iCode's, after live range analysis, into a file named <source
              filename>.dumprange.

       --dumlrange
              Will dump the life ranges for all symbols.

       --dumpregassign
              Will create a dump of iCode's, after register assignment, into a file named <source
              filename>.dumprassgn.

       --dumplrange
              Will create a dump of the live ranges of iTemp's

       --dumpall
              Will cause all the above mentioned dumps to be created.

COPYING

       The entire source code for the compiler is distributed under GNU General Public License.

SEE ALSO

       sdcpp(1), asxxxx(1), aslink(1).

AUTHOR

       This manual page was written  by  Aurelien  Jarno  <aurel32@debian.org>,  for  the  Debian
       GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others).

                                                                                          SDCC(1)