Provided by: libtiff-tools_4.0.3-7ubuntu0.11_amd64 bug

NAME

       tiffcrop - select, copy, crop, convert, extract, and/or process one or more TIFF files.

SYNOPSIS

       tiffcrop [ options ] src1.tif ... srcN.tif dst.tif

DESCRIPTION

       Tiffcrop  processes  one  or  more  files  created according to the Tag Image File Format,
       Revision 6.0, specification into one or more TIFF file(s).  Tiffcrop is most often used to
       extract  portions of an image for processing with bar code recognizer or OCR software when
       that software cannot restrict the region of interest to a specific portion of the image or
       to  improve  efficiency when the regions of interest must be rotated.  It can also be used
       to subdivide all or part of a processed image into smaller sections and export  individual
       images or sections of images as separate files or separate images within one or more files
       derived from the original input image or images.

       The available functions can be grouped broadly into three classes:

              Those that select individual images or sections of images  from  the  input  files.
              The  options  -N for sequences or lists of individual images in the input files, -Z
              for zones, -z for regions, -X and -Y for fixed sized selections, -m for margins, -U
              for  units, and -E for edge reference provide a variety of ways to specify portions
              of the input image.

              Those that allow the individual images or selections to be exported to one or  more
              output files in different groupings and control the organization of the data in the
              output images. The options -P for page  size  grouping,  -S  for  subdivision  into
              columns and rows and -e for export mode options that produce one or more files from
              each input image. The options -r, -s, -t, -w  control strip  and  tile  format  and
              sizes  while  -B  -L  -c  -f  modify  the endian addressing scheme, the compression
              options, and the bit fill sequence of images as they are written.

              Those that perform some action on each image that is selected from the input  file.
              The   options   include  -R  for  rotate,  -I  for  inversion  of  the  photometric
              interpretation and/or data values, and -F to flip (mirror) the  image  horizontally
              or vertically.

       Functions  are  applied to the input image(s) in the following order: cropping, fixed area
       extraction, zone and region extraction, inversion, mirroring, rotation.

       Functions are applied to the output image(s) in the following order: export  mode  options
       for grouping zones, regions, or images into one or more files, or row and column divisions
       with output margins, or page size divisions with page orientation options.

       Finally, strip, tile, byte order, output resolution, and compression options  are  applied
       to all output images.

       The  output  file(s)  may be organized and compressed using a different algorithm from the
       input files.  By default, tiffcrop will copy all the understood tags in a  TIFF  directory
       of  an  input file to the associated directory in the output file.  Options can be used to
       force the resultant image to be written as strips or tiles of data, respectively.

       Tiffcrop can be used to reorganize the storage characteristics of data in a file,  and  to
       reorganize, extract, rotate, and otherwise process the image data as specified at the same
       time whereas tiffcp does not alter the image data within the file.

       Using the options for selecting individual input images  and  the  options  for  exporting
       images  and/or  segments  defined  as  zones  or regions of each input image, tiffcrop can
       perform the functions of tiffcp and tiffsplit in a single  pass  while  applying  multiple
       operations to individual selections or images.

OPTIONS

       -h     Display the syntax summary for tiffcrop.

       -v     Report the current version and last modification date for tiffcrop.

       -N odd|even|#,#-#,#|last
              Specify  one or more series or range(s) of images within each file to process.  The
              words odd or even may be used to specify all odd or even numbered  images  counting
              from one.  Note that internally, TIFF images are numbered from zero rather than one
              but since this convention is not obvious to most users, tiffcrop used 1 to specifiy
              the  first  image  in  a  multipage  file.  The word last may be used in place of a
              number in the sequence to indicate the final image in the file without knowing  how
              many  images there are.  Ranges of images may be specified with a dash and multiple
              sets can be indicated by joining  them  in  a  comma-separated  list.  eg.  use  -N
              1,5-7,last to process the 1st, 5th through 7th, and final image in the file.

       -E top|bottom|left|right
              Specify  the  top,  bottom,  left,  or  right  edge  as the reference from which to
              calcuate the width and length of crop regions or sequence of  postions  for  zones.
              When  used  with  the  -e option for exporting zones or regions, the reference edge
              determines how composite images  are  arranged.  Using  -E  left  or  right  causes
              successive  zones  or  regions  to  be  merged horizontally whereas using -E top or
              bottom causes successive zones or regions to be arranged  vertically.  This  option
              has  no  effect  on  export  layout  when  multiple  zones or regions are not being
              exported to composite images. Edges may be abbreviated to the first letter.

       -e combined|divided|image|multiple|separate
              Specify the export mode for images and selections from  input  images.   The  final
              filename  on  the command line is considered to be the destination file or filename
              stem for automatically generated sequences of files. Modes may  be  abbreviated  to
              the first letter.

              combined    All  images  and  selections are written to a single file with multiple
              selections from one image combined into a single image (default)

              divided    All images and selections  are  written  to  a  single  file  with  each
              selection from one image written to a new image

              image       Each  input  image is written to a new file (numeric filename sequence)
              with multiple selections from the image combined into one image

              multiple   Each input image is written to a new file  (numeric  filename  sequence)
              with each selection from the image written to a new image

              separate   Individual selections from each image are written to separate files

       -U in|cm|px
              Specify  the  type of units to apply to dimensions for margins and crop regions for
              input and output images. Inches or centimeters are converted to  pixels  using  the
              resolution  unit  specified  in  the  TIFF  file  (which  defaults to inches if not
              specified in the IFD).

       -m #,#,#,#
              Specify margins to be removed from the input image. The order must  be  top,  left,
              bottom,  right  with  only  commas separating the elements of the list. Margins are
              scaled according to the current units and removed before any other extractions  are
              computed..

       -X #   Set  the  horizontal  (X-axis)  dimension  of  a  region to extract relative to the
              specified origin reference. If the origin is the top or bottom  edge,  the  X  axis
              value will be assumed to start at the left edge.

       -Y #   Set  the  vertical  (Y-axis)  dimension  of  a  region  to  extract relative to the
              specified origin reference. If the origin is the left or right  edge,  the  Y  axis
              value will be assumed to start at the top.

       -Z #:#,#:#
              Specify  zones  of  the  image  designated  as position X of Y equal sized portions
              measured from the reference edge,  eg  1:3  would  be  first  third  of  the  image
              starting  from  the  reference  edge  minus any margins specified for the confining
              edges. Multiple zones can be specified as a comma  separated  list  but  they  must
              reference  the  same  edge.  To  extract the top quarter and the bottom third of an
              image you would use -Z 1:4,3:3.

       -z x1,y1,x2,y2: ... :xN,yN,xN+1,yN+1
              Specify a series of coordinates to define regions  for  processing  and  exporting.
              The  coordinates  represent  the top left and lower right corners of each region in
              the current units, eg inch, cm, or pixels. Pixels are counted from one to width  or
              height and inches or cm are calculated from image resolution data.

              Each  colon  delimited series of four values represents the horizontal and vertical
              offsets from the top and left edges of the image, regardless of the edge  specified
              with  the -E option. The first and third values represent the horizontal offsets of
              the corner points from the left edge while the second and fourth  values  represent
              the vertical offsets from the top edge.

       -F horiz|vert
              Flip, ie mirror, the image or extracted region horizontally or vertically.

       -R 90|180|270
              Rotate the image or extracted region 90, 180, or 270 degrees clockwise.

       -I [black|white|data|both]
              Invert color space, eg dark to light for bilevel and grayscale images.  This can be
              used to modify negative images to positive or  to  correct  images  that  have  the
              PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATIN tag set incorrectly.  If the value is black or white, the
              PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag is set to MinIsBlack or MinIsWhite, without altering
              the  image  data. If the argument is data or both, the data values of the image are
              modified. Specifying both inverts the data and the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION  tag,
              whereas using data inverts the data but not the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag.  No
              support for modifying the color space of color images in this release.

       -H #   Set the horizontal resolution of output images to # expressed in the current units.

       -V #   Set the vertical resolution of the output images to  #  expressed  in  the  current
              units.

       -J #   Set  the  horizontal  margin  of  an output page size to # expressed in the current
              units when sectioning image into columns x rows subimages using  the  -S  cols:rows
              option.

       -K #   Set  the vertical margin of an output page size to # expressed in the current units
              when sectioning image into columns x rows submiages using the -S cols:rows option.

       -O portrait|landscape|auto
              Set the output orientation of the pages or sections.  Auto will use the arrangement
              that requires the fewest pages.  This option is only meaningful in conjunction with
              the -P option to format an image to fit on a specific paper size.

       -P page
              Format the output images to fit on page  size  paper.  Use  -P  list  to  show  the
              supported page sizes and dimensions.  You can define a custom page size by entering
              the width and length of the page in the current units  with  the  following  format
              #.#x#.#.

       -S cols:rows
              Divide each image into cols across and rows down equal sections.

       -B     Force  output  to  be  written with Big-Endian byte order.  This option only has an
              effect when the output file is created or overwritten and not when it  is  appended
              to.

       -C     Suppress  the  use  of  ``strip  chopping''  when reading images that have a single
              strip/tile of uncompressed data.

       -c     Specify the compression to use for data written to the output  file:  none  for  no
              compression,  packbits  for  PackBits  compression,  lzw  for  Lempel-Ziv  &  Welch
              compression, jpeg for baseline JPEG compression.  zip for Deflate  compression,  g3
              for  CCITT  Group  3 (T.4) compression, and g4 for CCITT Group 4 (T.6) compression.
              By default tiffcrop will compress data according to the value  of  the  Compression
              tag found in the source file.

              The  CCITT Group 3 and Group 4 compression algorithms can only be used with bilevel
              data.

              Group 3 compression can be specified together with several T.4-specific options: 1d
              for  1-dimensional  encoding, 2d for 2-dimensional encoding, and fill to force each
              encoded scanline to be zero-filled so that the terminating EOL code lies on a  byte
              boundary.   Group  3-specific  options are specified by appending a ``:''-separated
              list to the ``g3''  option;  e.g.   -c  g3:2d:fill  to  get  2D-encoded  data  with
              byte-aligned EOL codes.

              LZW  compression  can  be  specified  together with a predictor value.  A predictor
              value of 2  causes  each  scanline  of  the  output  image  to  undergo  horizontal
              differencing  before it is encoded; a value of 1 forces each scanline to be encoded
              without  differencing.   LZW-specific  options  are  specified   by   appending   a
              ``:''-separated list to the ``lzw'' option; e.g.  -c lzw:2 for LZW compression with
              horizontal differencing.

       -f     Specify the bit fill order to use in writing output  data.   By  default,  tiffcrop
              will  create  a  new  file with the same fill order as the original.  Specifying -f
              lsb2msb will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set to LSB2MSB,  while
              -f msb2lsb will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set to MSB2LSB.

       -i     Ignore non-fatal read errors and continue processing of the input file.

       -l     Specify  the  length  of  a  tile  (in  pixels).  Tiffcrop attempts to set the tile
              dimensions so that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.

       -L     Force output to be written with Little-Endian byte order.  This option only has  an
              effect  when  the output file is created or overwritten and not when it is appended
              to.

       -M     Suppress the use of memory-mapped files when reading images.

       -p     Specify the planar configuration to use in writing image data that  has  more  than
              one  sample  per  pixel.  By default, tiffcrop will create a new file with the same
              planar configuration as the original.  Specifying -p contig will force data  to  be
              written  with  multi-sample  data  packed  together,  while  -p separate will force
              samples to be written in separate planes.

       -r     Specify the number of rows (scanlines) in each strip of data written to the  output
              file.   By  default  (or  when  value 0 is specified), tiffcrop attempts to set the
              rows/strip that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a strip. If you  specify
              the  special value -1 it will results in infinite number of the rows per strip. The
              entire image will be the one strip in that case.

       -s     Force the output file to be written with data  organized  in  strips  (rather  than
              tiles).

       -t     Force  the  output  file  to  be  written with data organized in tiles (rather than
              strips).

       -w     Specify the width of a tile  (in  pixels).   tiffcrop  attempts  to  set  the  tile
              dimensions  so  that  no  more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.  tiffcrop
              attempts to set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear
              in a tile.

       Debug and dump facility
              -D  opt1:value1,opt2:value2,opt3:value3:opt4:value4 Display program progress and/or
              dump raw data to non-TIFF files.  Options include the following and must be  joined
              as  a  comma separated list. The use of this option is generally limited to program
              debugging and development of future options. An equal sign may be  substituted  for
              the colon in option:value pairs.

              debug:N         Display limited program progress indicators where larger N increase
              the level of detail.

              format:txt|raw  Format any logged data as ASCII text or raw  binary  values.  ASCII
              text dumps include strings of ones and zeroes representing the binary values in the
              image data plus identifying headers.

              level:N         Specify the level of detail presented in the dump files.  This  can
              vary from dumps of the entire input or output image data to dumps of data processed
              by specific functions. Current range of levels is 1 to 3.

              input:full-path-to-directory/input-dumpname

              output:full-path-to-directory/output-dumpname

              When dump files are being written, each image will be written to  a  separate  file
              with  the  name  built  by  adding  a numeric sequence value to the dumpname and an
              extension of .txt for ASCII dumps or .bin for binary dumps.

              The four debug/dump options are  independent,  though  it  makes  little  sense  to
              specify a dump file without specifying a detail level.

              Note: Tiffcrop may be compiled with -DDEVELMODE to enable additional very
               low level debug reporting.

EXAMPLES

       The following concatenates two files and writes the result using LZW encoding:
              tiffcrop -c lzw a.tif b.tif result.tif

       To  convert  a G3 1d-encoded TIFF to a single strip of G4-encoded data the following might
       be used:
              tiffcrop -c g4 -r 10000 g3.tif g4.tif
       (1000 is just a number that is larger than the number of rows in the source file.)

       To extract a selected set of images from  a  multi-image  TIFF  file  use  the  -N  option
       described  above.  Thus,  to  copy  the  1st  and  3rd images of image file "album.tif" to
       "result.tif":
              tiffcrop -N 1,3 album.tif result.tif

       Invert a bilevel image scan of a microfilmed document and crop off margins of 0.25  inches
       on  the  left  and  right,  0.5  inch  on  the  top, and 0.75 inch on the bottom. From the
       remaining portion of the image, select the second and third quarters, ie, one half of  the
       area left from the center to each margin.
              tiffcrop   -U   in   -m   0.5,0.25,0.75,0.25   -E   left   -Z   2:4,3:4   -I   both
              MicrofilmNegative.tif MicrofilmPostiveCenter.tif

       Extract only the final image of a large Architectural E  sized  multipage  TIFF  file  and
       rotate  it  90  degrees  clockwise  while  reformatting the output to fit on tabloid sized
       sheets with one quarter of an inch on each side:
              tiffcrop -N last -R 90 -O auto -P tabloid -U in -J 0.25  -K  0.25  -H  300  -V  300
              Big-PlatMap.tif BigPlatMap-Tabloid.tif
       The  output  images  will  have  a specified resolution of 300 dpi in both directions. The
       orientation of each page will be determined by whichever choice requires the fewest pages.
       To  specify  a  specific orientation, use the portrait or landscape option. The paper size
       option does not resample the image. It breaks each original image into a series of smaller
       images that will fit on the target paper size at the specified resolution.

       Extract  two  regions  2048 pixels wide by 2048 pixels high from each page of a multi-page
       input file and write each region to a separate output file.
              tiffcrop -U px -z 1,1,2048,2048:1,2049,2048,4097 -e separate  CheckScans.tiff Check
       The output file names will use the stem Check with a numeric suffix which  is  incremented
       for  each  region of each image, eg Check-001.tiff, Check-002.tiff ...  Check-NNN.tiff. To
       produce a unique file for each page of the input image with one new image for each  region
       of the input image on that page, change the export option to -e multiple.

NOTES

       In  general, bilevel, grayscale, palette and RGB(A) data with bit depths from 1 to 32 bits
       should work in both interleaved and separate plane formats. Unlike  tiffcp,  tiffcrop  can
       read  and  write  tiled  images  with bits per sample that are not a multiple of 8 in both
       interleaved and separate planar format. Floating point data types  are  supported  at  bit
       depts of 16, 24, 32 and 64 bits per sample.

       Not  all  images  can be converted from one compression scheme to another.  Data with some
       photometric interpretations and/or bit depths are tied to specific compression schemes and
       vice-versa,  e.g.  Group 3/4 compression is only usable for bilevel data. JPEG compression
       is only usable on 8 bit per sample data (or 12 bit if LibTIFF was  compiled  with  12  bit
       JPEG  support).  Support  for  OJPEG compressed images is problematic at best. Since OJPEG
       compression is no longer supported for writing images with LibTIFF, these images  will  be
       updated  to  the  newer JPEG compression when they are copied or processed. This may cause
       the image to appear color shifted or distorted after conversion.  In  some  cases,  it  is
       possible to remove the original compression from image data using the option -cnone.

       Tiffcrop  does  not  currently  provide  options to up or downsample data to different bit
       depths or convert data from one photometric interpretation to another, e.g.  16  bits  per
       sample to 8 bits per sample or RGB to grayscale.

       Tiffcrop  is  very  loosely  derived  from code in tiffcp with extensive modifications and
       additions to support the selection of input images and regions and the exporting  of  them
       to  one  or  more  output  files in various groupings. The image manipulation routines are
       entirely new and additional ones may be added in the future. It will handle  tiled  images
       with bit depths that are not a multiple of eight that tiffcp may refuse to read.

       Tiffcrop  was  designed  to  handle large files containing many moderate sized images with
       memory usage that is independent of the number of images in the file.  In order to support
       compression  modes  that  are  not  based on individual scanlines, e.g. JPEG, it now reads
       images by strip or tile rather than by indvidual scanlines.  In  addition  to  the  memory
       required  by  the  input and output buffers associated with LibTIFF one or more buffers at
       least as large as the largest image to be read  are  required.  The  design  favors  large
       volume  document  processing  uses  over  scientific  or  graphical  manipulation of large
       datasets as might be found in research or remote sensing scenarios.

SEE ALSO

       pal2rgb(1),   tiffinfo(1),    tiffcmp(1),    tiffcp(1),    tiffmedian(1),    tiffsplit(1),
       libtiff(3TIFF)

       Libtiff library home page: http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/