Provided by: ngrep_1.45.ds2-12_amd64 bug

NAME

       ngrep - network grep

SYNOPSIS

       ngrep  <-hNXViwqpevxlDtTRM> <-IO pcap_dump > < -n num > < -d dev > < -A num > < -s snaplen
       > < -S limitlen > < -W normal|byline|single|none > < -c cols > < -P char > < -F file  >  <
       match expression > < bpf filter >

DESCRIPTION

       ngrep  strives to provide most of GNU grep's common features, applying them to the network
       layer.  ngrep is a pcap-aware tool  that  will  allow  you  to  specify  extended  regular
       expressions  to  match against data payloads of packets.  It currently recognizes TCP, UDP
       and ICMP across Ethernet, PPP, SLIP, FDDI and null interfaces, and understands bpf  filter
       logic  in  the  same  fashion as more common packet sniffing tools, such as tcpdump(8) and
       snoop(1).

OPTIONS

       -h     Display help/usage information.

       -N     Show sub-protocol  number  along  with  single-character  identifier  (useful  when
              observing raw or unknown protocols).

       -X     Treat  the  match expression as a hexadecimal string.  See the explanation of match
              expression below.

       -V     Display version information.

       -i     Ignore case for the regex expression.

       -w     Match the regex expression as a word.

       -q     Be quiet; don't output any information other than packet headers and their payloads
              (if relevant).

       -p     Don't put the interface into promiscuous mode.

       -e     Show  empty  packets.   Normally  empty  packets are discarded because they have no
              payload to search.  If specified, empty packets will be shown,  regardless  of  the
              specified regex expression.

       -v     Invert the match; only display packets that don't match.

       -x     Dump packet contents as hexadecimal as well as ASCII.

       -l     Make stdout line buffered.

       -D     When  reading  pcap_dump files, replay them at their recorded time intervals (mimic
              realtime).

       -t     Print a timestamp in the form of YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS.UUUUUU everytime a  packet  is
              matched.

       -T     Print  a  timestamp  in  the form of +S.UUUUUU, indicating the delta between packet
              matches.

       -R     Do not try to drop privileges to the DROPPRIVS_USER.

              ngrep makes no effort to validate input from live  or  offline  sources  as  it  is
              focused  more  on  performance  and  handling  large  amounts of data than protocol
              correctness, which is most often a fair assumption to make.  However, sometimes  it
              matters  and  thus  as  a  rule  ngrep  will  try to be defensive and drop any root
              privileges it might have.

              There exist scenarios where this behaviour can become an obstacle, so  this  option
              is  provided  to end-users who want to disable this feature, but must do so with an
              understanding of the risks.  Packets can be randomly malformed or even specifically
              designed  to  overflow  sniffers  and  take  control  of  them,  and  revoking root
              privileges is currently the only risk mitigation  ngrep  employs  against  such  an
              attack.  Use this option and turn it off at your own risk.

       -c cols
              Explicitly set the console width to ``cols''.  Note that this is the console width,
              and not the full width of what ngrep prints  out  as  payloads;  depending  on  the
              output mode ngrep may print less than ``cols'' bytes per line (indentation).

       -F file
              Read in the bpf filter from the specified filename.  This is a compatibility option
              for users familiar with tcpdump.  Please note that specifying ``-F'' will  override
              any bpf filter specified on the command-line.

       -P char
              Specify  an alternate character to signify non-printable characters when displayed.
              The default is ``.''.

       -W normal|byline|single|none
              Specify an alternate manner for displaying packets, when not in  hexadecimal  mode.
              The  ``byline''  mode honors embedded linefeeds, wrapping text only when a linefeed
              is encountered  (useful  for  observing  HTTP  transactions,  for  instance).   The
              ``none''  mode  doesn't wrap under any circumstance (entire payload is displayed on
              one line).  The ``single'' mode is conceptually the same as ``none'',  except  that
              everything  including  IP  and  source/destination header information is all on one
              line.  ``normal'' is the default mode and is only included for completeness.   This
              option is incompatible with ``-x''.

       -s snaplen
              Set the bpf caplen to snaplen (default 65536).

       -S limitlen
              Set  the  upper  limit  on the size of packets that ngrep will look at.  Useful for
              looking at only the first N bytes of packets without changing the BPF snaplen.

       -I pcap_dump
              Input file pcap_dump into ngrep.  Works with any pcap-compatible dump file  format.
              This option is useful for searching for a wide range of different patterns over the
              same packet stream.

       -O pcap_dump
              Output matched packets to a pcap-compatible  dump  file.   This  feature  does  not
              interfere with normal output to stdout.

       -n num Match only num packets total, then exit.

       -d dev By  default ngrep will select a default interface to listen on.  Use this option to
              force ngrep to listen on interface dev.

       -A num Dump num packets of trailing context after matching a packet.

       -c cols
              Ignore the detected terminal width and force the  column  width  to  the  specified
              size.

       -P char
              Change  the  non-printable  character  from  the  default  ``.''  to  the character
              specified.

       -K num Kill matching TCP connections (like tcpkill).  The numeric  argument  controls  how
              many RST segments are sent.

        match expression
              A match expression is either an extended regular expression, or if the -X option is
              specified, a string signifying a hexadecimal value.  An extended regular expression
              follows the rules as implemented by the GNU regex library.  Hexadecimal expressions
              can optionally be preceded by `0x'.  E.g., `DEADBEEF', `0xDEADBEEF'.

        bpf filter
              Selects a filter that specifies what packets will be dumped.  If no bpf  filter  is
              given,  all  IP  packets seen on the selected interface will be dumped.  Otherwise,
              only packets for which bpf filter is `true' will be dumped.

       The bpf filter consists of one or more primitives.  Primitives usually consist  of  an  id
       (name  or  number) preceded by one or more qualifiers.  There are three different kinds of
       qualifier:

       type   qualifiers say what kind of thing the id name or number refers to.  Possible  types
              are  host,  net and port.  E.g., `host blort', `net 1.2.3', `port 80'.  If there is
              no type qualifier, host is assumed.

       dir    qualifiers specify a particular transfer direction to  and/or  from  id.   Possible
              directions  are  src,  dst,  src or dst and src and dst.  E.g., `src foo', `dst net
              1.2.3', `src or dst port ftp-data'.  If there is no dir qualifier, src  or  dst  is
              assumed.   For  `null' link layers (i.e. point to point protocols such as slip) the
              inbound and outbound qualifiers can be used to specify a desired direction.

       proto  qualifiers are restricted to ip-only protocols.  Possible protos are: tcp , udp and
              icmp.   e.g.,  `udp src foo' or `tcp port 21'.  If there is no proto qualifier, all
              protocols consistent with the type are assumed.  E.g.,  `src  foo'  means  `ip  and
              ((tcp  or  udp)  src foo)', `net bar' means `ip and (net bar)', and `port 53' means
              `ip and ((tcp or udp) port 53)'.

       In addition to the above, there are some special `primitive' keywords  that  don't  follow
       the  pattern:  gateway, broadcast, less, greater and arithmetic expressions.  All of these
       are described below.

       More complex filter expressions are built up by using the words and, or and not to combine
       primitives.   E.g.,  `host blort and not port ftp and not port ftp-data'.  To save typing,
       identical qualifier lists can be omitted.  E.g., `tcp dst port ftp or ftp-data or  domain'
       is exactly the same as `tcp dst port ftp or tcp dst port ftp-data or tcp dst port domain'.

       Allowable primitives are:

       dst host host
              True  if  the  IP  destination  field of the packet is host, which may be either an
              address or a name.

       src host host
              True if the IP source field of the packet is host.

       host host
              True if either the IP source or destination of the packet  is  host.   Any  of  the
              above host expressions can be prepended with the keywords, ip, arp, or rarp as in:
                   ip host host
              which is equivalent to:

       ether dst ehost
              True if the ethernet destination address is ehost.  Ehost may be either a name from
              /etc/ethers or a number (see ethers(3N) for numeric format).

       ether src ehost
              True if the ethernet source address is ehost.

       ether host ehost
              True if either the ethernet source or destination address is ehost.

       gateway host
              True if the  packet  used  host  as  a  gateway.   I.e.,  the  ethernet  source  or
              destination  address  was host but neither the IP source nor the IP destination was
              host.  Host must be a name and must be found in both  /etc/hosts  and  /etc/ethers.
              (An equivalent expression is
                   ether host ehost and not host host
              which can be used with either names or numbers for host / ehost.)

       dst net net
              True  if  the IP destination address of the packet has a network number of net. Net
              may be either a name from /etc/networks or a network number  (see  networks(4)  for
              details).

       src net net
              True if the IP source address of the packet has a network number of net.

       net net
              True  if  either  the  IP source or destination address of the packet has a network
              number of net.

       net net mask mask
              True if the IP address matches net with the specific  netmask.   May  be  qualified
              with src or dst.

       net net/len
              True  if the IP address matches net a netmask len bits wide.  May be qualified with
              src or dst.

       dst port port
              True if the packet is ip/tcp or ip/udp and has a destination port  value  of  port.
              The port can be a number or a name used in /etc/services (see tcp(4P) and udp(4P)).
              If a name is used, both the port number and protocol are checked.  If a  number  or
              ambiguous  name  is  used, only the port number is checked (e.g., dst port 513 will
              print both tcp/login traffic and udp/who traffic, and port domain will  print  both
              tcp/domain and udp/domain traffic).

       src port port
              True if the packet has a source port value of port.

       port port
              True  if  either  the source or destination port of the packet is port.  Any of the
              above port expressions can be prepended with the keywords, tcp or udp, as in:
                   tcp src port port
              which matches only tcp packets whose source port is port.

       less length
              True if the packet has a length less than or equal to length.  This  is  equivalent
              to:
                   len <= length.

       greater length
              True  if  the  packet  has  a  length  greater  than  or  equal to length.  This is
              equivalent to:
                   len >= length.

       ip proto protocol
              True if the packet is  an  ip  packet  (see  ip(4P))  of  protocol  type  protocol.
              Protocol  can  be  a  number  or  one of the names tcp, udp or icmp.  Note that the
              identifiers tcp and udp are also keywords and must be escaped  via  backslash  (\),
              which is \\ in the C-shell.

       ip broadcast
              True  if  the  packet is an IP broadcast packet.  It checks for both the all-zeroes
              and all-ones broadcast conventions, and looks up the local subnet mask.

       ip multicast
              True if the packet is an IP multicast packet.

       ip     Abbreviation for:
                   ether proto ip

       tcp, udp, icmp
              Abbreviations for:
                   ip proto p
              where p is one of the above protocols.

       expr relop expr
              True if the relation holds, where relop is one of >, <, >=, <=, =, !=, and expr  is
              an  arithmetic  expression  composed  of integer constants (expressed in standard C
              syntax), the normal binary operators [+, -, *, /, &, |],  a  length  operator,  and
              special packet data accessors.  To access data inside the packet, use the following
              syntax:
                   proto [ expr : size ]
              Proto is one of ip, tcp, udp or icmp, and indicates  the  protocol  layer  for  the
              index  operation.   The  byte  offset, relative to the indicated protocol layer, is
              given by expr.  Size is optional and indicates the number of bytes in the field  of
              interest;  it  can  be  either  one, two, or four, and defaults to one.  The length
              operator, indicated by the keyword len, gives the length of the packet.

              For example, `ether[0] & 1 != 0' catches all  multicast  traffic.   The  expression
              `ip[0]  &  0xf != 5' catches all IP packets with options. The expression `ip[6:2] &
              0x1fff = 0' catches  only  unfragmented  datagrams  and  frag  zero  of  fragmented
              datagrams.   This  check is implicitly applied to the tcp and udp index operations.
              For instance, tcp[0] always means the first byte of the TCP header, and never means
              the first byte of an intervening fragment.

       Primitives may be combined using:

              A  parenthesized  group of primitives and operators (parentheses are special to the
              Shell and must be escaped).

              Negation (`!' or `not').

              Concatenation (`&&' or `and').

              Alternation (`||' or `or').

       Negation has highest precedence.  Alternation and concatenation have equal precedence  and
       associate  left  to  right.   Note  that  explicit  and tokens, not juxtaposition, are now
       required for concatenation.

       If an identifier is given without a keyword, the most  recent  keyword  is  assumed.   For
       example,
            not host vs and ace
       is short for
            not host vs and host ace
       which should not be confused with
            not ( host vs or ace )

       Expression  arguments  can  be  passed to ngrep as either a single argument or as multiple
       arguments, whichever is more convenient.  Generally,  if  the  expression  contains  Shell
       metacharacters,  it is easier to pass it as a single, quoted argument.  Multiple arguments
       are concatenated with spaces before being parsed.

DIAGNOSTICS

       Errors from ngrep, libpcap, and the GNU regex library are all output to stderr.

AUTHOR

       Written by Jordan Ritter <jpr5@darkridge.com>.

REPORTING BUGS

       Please report bugs to the ngrep's Sourceforge Bug Tracker, located at

           http://sourceforge.net/projects/ngrep/

       Non-bug, non-feature-request general feedback should be sent to  the  author  directly  by
       email.

NOTES

       ALL YOUR BASE ARE BELONG TO US.

*nux                                      November 2006                                  NGREP(8)