Provided by: nfs-common_1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2_amd64 bug

NAME

       rpc.statd - NSM service daemon

SYNOPSIS

       rpc.statd  [-dh?FLNvV]  [-H  prog]  [-n my-name] [-o outgoing-port] [-p listener-port] [-P
       path ]

DESCRIPTION

       File locks are not part of persistent file system state.  Lock state is thus lost  when  a
       host reboots.

       Network  file  systems  must also detect when lock state is lost because a remote host has
       rebooted.  After an NFS client reboots, an NFS server must release all file locks held  by
       applications  that  were  running  on  that client.  After a server reboots, a client must
       remind the server of file locks held by applications running on that client.

       For NFS version 2 [RFC1094] and NFS  version  3  [RFC1813],  the  Network  Status  Monitor
       protocol  (or  NSM  for  short)  is  used  to  notify NFS peers of reboots.  On Linux, two
       separate user-space components constitute the NSM service:

       rpc.statd
              A daemon that listens for reboot notifications from other hosts,  and  manages  the
              list of hosts to be notified when the local system reboots

       sm-notify
              A helper program that notifies NFS peers after the local system reboots

       The  local  NFS lock manager alerts its local rpc.statd of each remote peer that should be
       monitored.  When the local system reboots, the sm-notify command notifies the NSM  service
       on  monitored  peers  of  the reboot.  When a remote reboots, that peer notifies the local
       rpc.statd, which in turn passes the  reboot  notification  back  to  the  local  NFS  lock
       manager.

NSM OPERATION IN DETAIL

       The  first  file  locking interaction between an NFS client and server causes the NFS lock
       managers on both peers to contact their local NSM service to store information  about  the
       opposite peer.  On Linux, the local lock manager contacts rpc.statd.

       rpc.statd  records  information about each monitored NFS peer on persistent storage.  This
       information describes how to contact a remote peer in case the local system  reboots,  how
       to  recognize which monitored peer is reporting a reboot, and how to notify the local lock
       manager when a monitored peer indicates it has rebooted.

       An NFS client sends a hostname, known as the  client's  caller_name,  in  each  file  lock
       request.   An  NFS  server  can  use  this  hostname to send asynchronous GRANT calls to a
       client, or to notify the client it has rebooted.

       The Linux NFS server can provide the client's caller_name or the client's network  address
       to  rpc.statd.  For the purposes of the NSM protocol, this name or address is known as the
       monitored peer's mon_name.  In addition, the local lock manager tells  rpc.statd  what  it
       thinks  its own hostname is.  For the purposes of the NSM protocol, this hostname is known
       as my_name.

       There is no equivalent interaction between an NFS server and a client to inform the client
       of  the server's caller_name.  Therefore NFS clients do not actually know what mon_name an
       NFS server might use in an SM_NOTIFY request.   The  Linux  NFS  client  uses  the  server
       hostname from the mount command to identify rebooting NFS servers.

   Reboot notification
       When  the  local  system  reboots, the sm-notify command reads the list of monitored peers
       from persistent storage and sends an SM_NOTIFY request to the NSM service on  each  listed
       remote  peer.  It uses the mon_name string as the destination.  To identify which host has
       rebooted, the sm-notify command sends the my_name string recorded  when  that  remote  was
       monitored.  The remote rpc.statd matches incoming SM_NOTIFY requests using this string, or
       the caller's network address, to one or more peers on its own monitor list.

       If rpc.statd does not find a peer on its monitor list that matches an  incoming  SM_NOTIFY
       request,  the  notification is not forwarded to the local lock manager.  In addition, each
       peer has its own NSM state number, a 32-bit integer that is bumped after  each  reboot  by
       the  sm-notify  command.  rpc.statd uses this number to distinguish between actual reboots
       and replayed notifications.

       Part of NFS lock recovery is rediscovering which peers need to be  monitored  again.   The
       sm-notify command clears the monitor list on persistent storage after each reboot.

OPTIONS

       -d, --no-syslog
              Causes  rpc.statd  to write log messages on stderr instead of to the system log, if
              the -F option was also specified.

       -F, --foreground
              Keeps rpc.statd attached to its controlling terminal so that NSM operation  can  be
              monitored  directly  or  run  under  a  debugger.  If this option is not specified,
              rpc.statd backgrounds itself soon after it starts.

       -h, -?, --help
              Causes rpc.statd to display usage information on stderr and then exit.

       -H, --ha-callout prog
              Specifies a high availability callout program.  If this option is not specified, no
              callouts  are  performed.   See  the  High-availability  callouts section below for
              details.

       -L, --no-notify
              Prevents rpc.statd from running the sm-notify command when it starts up, preserving
              the existing NSM state number and monitor list.

              Note: the sm-notify command contains a check to ensure it runs only once after each
              system reboot.  This prevents spurious reboot notification  if  rpc.statd  restarts
              without the -L option.

       -n, --name ipaddr | hostname
              Specifies  the  bind address used for RPC listener sockets.  The ipaddr form can be
              expressed as either an IPv4 or an IPv6 presentation address.  If this option is not
              specified, rpc.statd uses a wildcard address as the transport bind address.

              This  string  is  also  passed  to  the  sm-notify command to be used as the source
              address from which to send reboot  notification  requests.   See  sm-notify(8)  for
              details.

       -N     Causes  rpc.statd to run the sm-notify command, and then exit.  Since the sm-notify
              command can also be run directly, this option is deprecated.

       -o, --outgoing-port port
              Specifies the source port number the sm-notify  command  should  use  when  sending
              reboot notifications.  See sm-notify(8) for details.

       -p, --port port
              Specifies  the  port  number  used for RPC listener sockets.  If this option is not
              specified, rpc.statd will try to consult /etc/services, if gets port  succeed,  set
              the  same  port  for all listener socket, otherwise chooses a random ephemeral port
              for each listener socket.

              This option can be used to fix the port  value  of  its  listeners  when  SM_NOTIFY
              requests must traverse a firewall between clients and servers.

       -P, --state-directory-path pathname
              Specifies the pathname of the parent directory where NSM state information resides.
              If this option is not specified, rpc.statd uses /var/lib/nfs by default.

              After starting, rpc.statd attempts to set its effective UID and GID  to  the  owner
              and group of this directory.

       -v, -V, --version
              Causes rpc.statd to display version information on stderr and then exit.

SECURITY

       The  rpc.statd  daemon  must  be  started  as  root to acquire privileges needed to create
       sockets with privileged source ports,  and  to  access  the  state  information  database.
       Because  rpc.statd  maintains  a  long-running  network  service,  however,  it drops root
       privileges as soon as it starts up to reduce the risk of a privilege escalation attack.

       During normal operation, the effective user ID it  chooses  is  the  owner  of  the  state
       directory.   This  allows  it  to  continue to access files in that directory after it has
       dropped its root privileges.  To control which  user  ID  rpc.statd  chooses,  simply  use
       chown(1) to set the owner of the state directory.

       You   can  also  protect  your  rpc.statd  listeners  using  the  tcp_wrapper  library  or
       iptables(8).  To use the tcp_wrapper library, add the hostnames of peers  that  should  be
       allowed  access  to  /etc/hosts.allow.   Use  the  daemon name statd even if the rpc.statd
       binary has a different filename.

       For further information see the tcpd(8) and hosts_access(5) man pages.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

       Lock recovery after a reboot is critical to  maintaining  data  integrity  and  preventing
       unnecessary  application  hangs.   To  help  rpc.statd  match  SM_NOTIFY  requests  to NLM
       requests, a number of best practices should be observed, including:

              The UTS nodename of your systems should match the DNS names that NFS peers  use  to
              contact them

              The UTS nodenames of your systems should always be fully qualified domain names

              The forward and reverse DNS mapping of the UTS nodenames should be consistent

              The hostname the client uses to mount the server should match the server's mon_name
              in SM_NOTIFY requests it sends

       Unmounting an NFS file system does not necessarily stop either the NFS  client  or  server
       from  monitoring  each  other.  Both may continue monitoring each other for a time in case
       subsequent NFS traffic between the  two  results  in  fresh  mounts  and  additional  file
       locking.

       On  Linux,  if the lockd kernel module is unloaded during normal operation, all remote NFS
       peers are unmonitored.  This can happen on an NFS client, for example, if  an  automounter
       removes all NFS mount points due to inactivity.

   High-availability callouts
       rpc.statd  can  exec  a  special  callout  program during processing of successful SM_MON,
       SM_UNMON, and SM_UNMON_ALL requests.  Such a program may be used in High Availability  NFS
       (HA-NFS)  environments  to  track  lock  state that may need to be migrated after a system
       reboot.

       The name of the callout program is specified with the -H option.  The program is run  with
       3  arguments: The first is either add-client or del-client depending on the reason for the
       callout.  The second is the mon_name of the monitored peer.  The third is the  caller_name
       of the requesting lock manager.

   IPv6 and TI-RPC support
       TI-RPC  is  a  pre-requisite  for supporting NFS on IPv6.  If TI-RPC support is built into
       rpc.statd, it attempts to start  listeners  on  network  transports  marked  'visible'  in
       /etc/netconfig.   As  long as at least one network transport listener starts successfully,
       rpc.statd will operate.

FILES

       /var/lib/nfs/sm          directory containing monitor list

       /var/lib/nfs/sm.bak      directory containing notify list

       /var/lib/nfs/state       NSM state number for this host

       /run/run.statd.pid       pid file

       /etc/netconfig           network transport capability database

SEE ALSO

       sm-notify(8), nfs(5),  rpc.nfsd(8),  rpcbind(8),  tcpd(8),  hosts_access(5),  iptables(8),
       netconfig(5)

       RFC 1094 - "NFS: Network File System Protocol Specification"
       RFC 1813 - "NFS Version 3 Protocol Specification"
       OpenGroup Protocols for Interworking: XNFS, Version 3W - Chapter 11

AUTHORS

       Jeff Uphoff <juphoff@users.sourceforge.net>
       Olaf Kirch <okir@monad.swb.de>
       H.J. Lu <hjl@gnu.org>
       Lon Hohberger <hohberger@missioncriticallinux.com>
       Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com>
       Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>

                                         1 November 2009                             RPC.STATD(8)