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NAME
ttf2tfm - build TeX metric files from a TrueType font
SYNOPSIS
ttf2tfm ttffile[.ttf|.ttc] [-c caps-height-factor] [-e extension-factor] [-E encoding-id]
[-f font-index] [-l] [-L ligature-file[.sfd]] [-n] [-N] [-O] [-p inencfile[.enc]]
[-P platform-id] [-q] [-r old-glyphname new-glyphname] [-R replacement-file[.rpl]]
[-s slant-factor] [-t outencfile[.enc]] [-T inoutencfile[.enc]] [-u]
[-v vplfile[.vpl]] [-V scvplfile[.vpl]] [-w] [-x] [-y vertical-shift-factor]
[tfmfile[.tfm]]
ttf2tfm --version | --help
DESCRIPTION
This program extracts the metric and kerning information of a TrueType font and converts
it into metric files usable by TeX (quite similar to afm2tfm which is part of the dvips
package; please consult its info files for more details on the various parameters
(especially encoding files).
Since a TrueType font often contains more than 256 glyphs, some means are necessary to map
a subset of the TrueType glyphs onto a TeX font. To do this, two mapping tables are
needed: the first (called `input' or `raw' encoding) maps the TrueType font to a raw TeX
font (this mapping table is used by both ttf2tfm and ttf2pk), and the second (called
`output' or `virtual' encoding) maps the raw TeX font to another (virtual) TeX font,
providing all kerning and ligature information needed by TeX.
This two stage mapping has the advantage that one raw font can be accessed with various
LaTeX encodings (e.g. T1 and OT1) via the virtual font mechanism, and just one PK file is
necessary.
For CJKV (Chinese/Japanese/Korean/old Vietnamese) fonts, a different mechanism is provided
(see SUBFONT DEFINITION FILES below).
PARAMETERS
Most of the command line switch names are the same as in afm2tfm for convenience. One or
more space characters between an option and its value is mandatory; options can't be
concatenated. For historical reasons, the first parameter can not be a switch but must be
the font name.
-c caps-height-factor
The height of small caps made with the -V switch. Default value of this real
number is 0.8 times the height of uppercase glyphs.
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-e extension-factor
The extension factor to stretch the characters horizontally. Default value of this
real number is 1.0; if less than 1.0, you get a condensed font.
-E encoding-id
The TrueType encoding ID. Default value of this non-negative integer is 1.
Will be ignored if -N is used.
-f font-index
The font index in a TrueType Collection. Default is the first font (index 0).
[TrueType collections are usually found in some CJK fonts; e.g. the first font
index specifies glyphs and metrics for horizontal writing, and the second font
index does the same for vertical writing. TrueType collections usually have the
extension `.ttc'.]
Will be ignored for ordinary TrueType fonts.
-l Create ligatures in subfonts between first and second bytes of all the original
character codes. Example: Character code 0xABCD maps to character position 123 in
subfont 45. Then a ligature in subfont 45 between position 0xAB and 0xCD pointing
to character 123 will be produced. The fonts of the Korean HLaTeX package use this
feature. Note that this option generates correct ligatures only for TrueType fonts
where the input cmap is identical to the output encoding. In case of HLaTeX, TTFs
must have platform ID 3 and encoding ID 5.
Will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
-L ligature-file
Same as -l, but character codes for ligatures are specified in ligature-file. For
example, `-L KS-HLaTeX' generates correct ligatures for the Korean HLaTeX package
regardless of the platform and encoding ID of the used TrueType font (the file KS-
HLaTeX.sfd is part of the ttf2pk package).
Ligature files have the same format and extension as SFD files. This option will
be ignored if not in subfont mode.
-n Use PS names (of glyphs) of the TrueType font. Only glyphs with a valid entry in
the selected cmap are used.
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-N Use only PS names of the TrueType font. No cmap is used, thus the switches -E and
-P have no effect, causing a warning message.
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-O Use octal values for all character codes in the VPL file rather than names; this is
useful for symbol or CJK fonts where character names such as `A' are meaningless.
-p inencfile
The input encoding file name for the TTF→raw TeX mapping. This parameter has to be
specified in a map file (default: ttfonts.map) recorded in ttf2pk.cfg for
successive ttf2pk calls.
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-P platform-id
The TrueType platform ID. Default value of this non-negative integer is 3.
Will be ignored if -N is used.
-q Make ttf2tfm quiet. It suppresses any informational output except warning and
error messages. For CJK fonts, the output can get quite large if you don't specify
this switch.
-r old-glyphname new-glyphname
Replaces old-glyphname with new-glyphname. This switch is useful if you want to
give an unnamed glyph (i.e., a glyph which can be represented with `.gXXX' or
`.cXXX' only) a name or if you want to rename an already existing glyph name. You
can't use the `.gXXX' or `.cXXX' glyph name constructs for new-glyphname; multiple
occurrences of -r are possible.
If in subfont mode or if no encoding file is specified, this switch is ignored.
-R replacement-file
Use this switch if you have many replacement pairs; they can be collected in a
file which should have `.rpl' as extension. The syntax used in such replacement
files is simple: Each non-empty line must contain a pair `old-glyphname
new-glyphname' separated by whitespace (without the quotation marks). A percent
sign starts a line comment; you can continue a line on the next line with a
backslash as the last character.
If in subfont mode or if no encoding file is specified, this switch is ignored.
-s slant-factor
The obliqueness factor to slant the font, usually much smaller than 1. Default of
this real number is 0.0; if the value is larger than zero, the characters slope to
the right, otherwise to the left.
-t outencfile
The output encoding file name for the virtual font(s). Only characters in the raw
TeX font are used.
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-T inoutencfile
This is equivalent to `-p inoutencfile -t inoutencfile'.
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-u Use only those characters specified in the output encoding, and no others. By
default, ttf2tfm tries to include all characters in the virtual font, even those
not present in the encoding for the virtual font (it puts them into otherwise-
unused positions, rather arbitrarily).
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-v vplfile
Output a VPL file in addition to the TFM file. If no output encoding file is
specified, ttf2tfm uses a default font encoding (cmtt10). Note: Be careful to use
different names for the virtual font and the raw font!
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-V scvplfile
Same as -v, but the virtual font generated is a pseudo small caps font obtained by
scaling uppercase letters by 0.8 (resp. the value specified with -c) to typeset
lowercase. This font handles accented letters and retains proper kerning.
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-w Generate PostScript encoding vectors containing glyph indices, primarily used to
embed TrueType fonts in pdfTeX. ttf2tfm takes the TFM names and replaces the
suffix with .enc; that is, for files foo01.tfm, foo02.tfm, ... it creates
foo01.enc, foo02.enc, ... at the same place.
Will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
-x Rotate all glyphs by 90 degrees counter-clockwise. If no -y parameter is given,
the rotated glyphs are shifted down vertically by 0.25em.
Will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
-y vertical-shift-factor
Shift down rotated glyphs by the given amount (the unit is em).
Ignored if not in subfont mode or glyphs are not rotated.
--version
Shows the current version of ttf2tfm and the used file search library (e.g.
kpathsea).
--help Shows usage information.
If no TFM file name is given, the name of the TTF file is used, including the full path
and replacing the extension with `.tfm'.
CMAPS
Contrary to Type 1 PostScript fonts (but similar to the new CID PostScript font format),
most TrueType fonts have more than one native mapping table, also called `cmap', which
maps the (internal) TTF glyph indices to the (external) TTF character codes. Common
examples are a mapping table to Unicode encoded character positions, and the standard
Macintosh mapping.
To specify a TrueType mapping table, use the options -P and -E. With -P you specify the
platform ID; defined values are:
platform platform ID (pid)
──────────────────────────────────
Apple Unicode 0
Macintosh 1
ISO 2
Microsoft 3
The encoding ID depends on the platform. For pid=0, we ignore the -E parameter (setting
it to zero) since the mapping table is always Unicode version 2.0. For pid=1, the
following table lists the defined values:
platform ID = 1
script encoding ID (eid)
──────────────────────────────────
Roman 0
Japanese 1
Chinese 2
Korean 3
Arabic 4
Hebrew 5
Greek 6
Russian 7
Roman Symbol 8
Devanagari 9
Gurmukhi 10
Gujarati 11
Oriya 12
Bengali 13
Tamil 14
Telugu 15
Kannada 16
Malayalam 17
Sinhalese 18
Burmese 19
Khmer 20
Thai 21
Laotian 22
Georgian 23
Armenian 24
Maldivian 25
Tibetan 26
Mongolian 27
Geez 28
Slavic 29
Vietnamese 30
Sindhi 31
Uninterpreted 32
Here are the ISO encoding IDs:
platform ID = 2
encoding encoding ID (eid)
ASCII 0
ISO 10646 1
ISO 8859-1 2
And finally, the Microsoft encoding IDs:
platform ID = 3
encoding encoding ID (eid)
Symbol 0
Unicode 2.0 1
Shift JIS 2
GB 2312 (1980) 3
Big 5 4
KS X 1001 (Wansung) 5
KS X 1001 (Johab) 6
UCS-4 10
The program will abort if you specify an invalid platform/encoding ID pair. It will then
show the possible pid/eid pairs. Please note that most fonts have at most two or three
cmaps, usually corresponding to the pid/eid pairs (1,0), (3,0), or (3,1) in case of Latin
based fonts. Valid Microsoft fonts should have a (3,1) mapping table, but some fonts
exist (mostly Asian fonts) which have a (3,1) cmap not encoded in Unicode. The reason for
this strange behavior is the fact that some old MS Windows versions will reject fonts
having a non-(3,1) cmap (since all non-Unicode Microsoft encoding IDs are for Asian
MS Windows versions).
The -P and -E options of ttf2tfm must be equally specified for ttf2pk; the corresponding
parameters in a map file are `Pid' and `Eid', respectively.
The default pid/eid pair is (3,1).
Similarly, an -f option must be specified as `Fontindex' parameter in a map file.
If you use the -N switch, all cmaps are ignored, using only the PostScript names in the
TrueType font. The corresponding option in a map file is `PS=Only'. If you use the -n
switch, the default glyph names built into ttf2tfm are replaced with the PS glyph names
found in the font. In many cases this is not what you want because the glyph names in the
font are often incorrect or non-standard. The corresponding option in a map file is
`PS=Yes'.
Single replacement glyph names specified with -r must be given directly as `old-glyphname
new-glyphname' in a map file; -R is equivalent to the `Replacement' option.
INPUT AND OUTPUT ENCODINGS
You must specify the encoding vectors from the TrueType font to the raw TeX font and from
the raw TeX font to the virtual TeX font exactly as with afm2tfm, but you have more
possibilities to address the character codes. [With `encoding vector' a mapping table
with 256 entries in form of a PostScript vector is meant; see the file T1-WGL4.enc of this
package for an example.] With afm2tfm, you must access each glyph with its Adobe glyph
name, e.g. `/quotedsingle' or `/Acircumflex'. This has been extended with ttf2tfm; now
you can (and sometimes must) access the code points and/or glyphs directly, using the
following syntax for specifying the character position in decimal, octal, or hexadecimal
notation: `/.c<decimal-number>', `/.c0<octal-number>', or `/.c0x<hexadecimal-number>'.
Examples: `/.c72', `/.c0646', `/.c0x48'. To access a glyph index directly, use the
character `g' instead of `c' in the just introduced notation. Example: `/.g0x32'. [Note:
The `.cXXX' notation makes no sense if -N is used.]
For pid/eid pairs (1,0) and (3,1), both ttf2tfm and ttf2pk recognize built-in default
Adobe glyph names; the former follows the names given in Appendix E of the book `Inside
Macintosh', volume 6, the latter uses the names given in the TrueType Specification (WGL4,
a Unicode subset). Note that Adobe names for a given glyph are often not unique and do
sometimes differ, e.g., many PS fonts have the glyph `mu', whereas this glyph is called
`mu1' in the WGL4 character set to distinguish it from the real Greek letter mu. Be also
aware that OpenType (i.e. TrueType 2.0) fonts use an updated WGL4 table; we use the data
from the latest published TrueType specification (1.66). You can find those mapping
tables in the source code file ttfenc.c.
On the other hand, the switches -n and -N makes ttf2tfm read in and use the PostScript
names in the TrueType font itself (stored in the `post' table) instead of the default
Adobe glyph names.
Use the -r switch to remap single glyph names and -R to specify a file containing
replacement glyph name pairs.
If you don't select an input encoding, the first 256 glyphs of the TrueType font with a
valid entry in the selected cmap will be mapped to the TeX raw font (without the -q
option, ttf2tfm prints this mapping table to standard output), followed by all glyphs not
yet addressed in the selected cmap. However, some code points for the (1,0) pid/eid pair
are omitted since they do not represent glyphs useful for TeX: 0x00 (null), 0x08
(backspace), 0x09 (horizontal tabulation), 0x0d (carriage return), and 0x1d (group
separator). The `invalid character' with glyph index 0 will be omitted too.
If you select the -N switch, the first 256 glyphs of the TrueType font with a valid
PostScript name will be used in case no input encoding is specified. Again, some glyphs
are omitted: `.notdef', `.null', and `nonmarkingreturn'.
If you don't select an output encoding, ttf2tfm uses the same mapping table as afm2tfm
would use (you can find it in the source code file texenc.c); it corresponds to TeX
typewriter text. Unused positions (either caused by empty code points in the mapping
table or missing glyphs in the TrueType font) will be filled (rather arbitrarily) with
characters present in the input encoding but not specified in the output encoding (without
the -q option ttf2tfm prints the final output encoding to standard output). Use the -u
option if you want only glyphs in the virtual font which are defined in the output
encoding file, and nothing more.
One feature missing in afm2tfm has been added which is needed by LaTeX's T1 encoding:
ttf2tfm will construct the glyph `Germandbls' (by simply concatenating two `S' glyphs)
even for normal fonts if possible. It appears in the glyph list as the last item, marked
with an asterisk. Since this isn't a real glyph it will be available only in the virtual
font.
For both input and output encoding, an empty code position is represented by the glyph
name `/.notdef'.
In encoding files, you can use `\' as the final character of a line to indicate that the
input is continued on the next line. The backslash and the following newline character
will be removed.
SUBFONT DEFINITION FILES
CJKV (Chinese/Japanese/Korean/old Vietnamese) fonts usually contain several thousand
glyphs; to use them with TeX it is necessary to split such large fonts into subfonts.
Subfont definition files (usually having the extension `.sfd') are a simple means to do
this smoothly.
A subfont file name usually consists of a prefix, a subfont infix, and a postfix (which is
empty in most cases), e.g.
ntukai23 → prefix: ntukai, infix: 23, postfix: (empty)
Here the syntax of a line in an SFD file, describing one subfont:
<whitespace> <infix> <whitespace> <ranges> <whitespace>
<infix> :=
anything except whitespace. It is best to use only alphanumerical characters.
<whitespace> :=
space, formfeed, carriage return, horizontal and vertical tabs -- no newline
characters.
<ranges> :=
<ranges> <whitespace> <codepoint> |
<ranges> <whitespace> <range> |
<ranges> <whitespace> <offset> <whitespace> <range>
<codepoint> :=
<number>
<range> :=
<number> `_' <number>
<offset> :=
<number> `:'
<number> :=
hexadecimal (prefix `0x'), decimal, or octal (prefix `0')
A line can be continued on the next line with a backslash ending the line. The ranges
must not overlap; offsets have to be in the range 0-255.
Example:
The line
03 10: 0x2349 0x2345_0x2347
assigns to the code positions 10, 11, 12, and 13 of the subfont having the infix `03'
the character codes 0x2349, 0x2345, 0x2346, and 0x2347 respectively.
The SFD files in the distribution are customized for the CJK package for LaTeX.
You have to embed the SFD file name into the TFM font name (at the place where the infix
will appear) surrounded by two `@' signs, on the command line resp. a map file; both
ttf2tfm and ttf2pk switch then to subfont mode.
It is possible to use more than a single SFD file by separating them with commata and no
whitespace; for a given subfont, the first file is scanned for an entry, then the next
file, and so on. Later entries override entries found earlier (possibly only partially).
For example, the first SFD file sets up range 0x10-0xA0, and the next one modifies entries
0x12 and 0x25. As can be easily seen, this algorithm allows for adding and replacing, but
not for removing entries.
Subfont mode disables the options -n, -N, -p, -r, -R, -t, -T, -u, -v, -V and -w for
ttf2tfm; similarly, no `Encoding' or `Replacement' parameter is allowed in a map file.
Single replacement glyph names are ignored too.
ttf2tfm will create all subfont TFM files specified in the SFD files (provided the subfont
contains glyphs) in one run.
Example:
The call
ttf2tfm ntukai.ttf ntukai@Big5,Big5-supp@
will use Big5.sfd and Big5-supp.sfd, producing all subfont files ntukai01.tfm,
ntukai02.tfm, etc.
RETURN VALUE
ttf2tfm returns 0 on success and 1 on error; warning and error messages are written to
standard error.
SOME NOTES ON FILE SEARCHING
Both ttf2pk and ttf2tfm use either the kpathsea, emtexdir, or MiKTeX library for searching
files (emtexdir will work only on operating systems which have an MS-DOSish background,
i.e. MS-DOS, OS/2, Windows; MikTeX is specific to MS Windows).
As a last resort, both programs can be compiled without a search library; the searched
files must be then in the current directory or specified with a path. Default extensions
will be appended also (with the exception that only `.ttf' is appended and not `.ttc').
kpathsea
The actual version of kpathsea is displayed on screen if you call either ttf2pk or ttf2tfm
with the --version command line switch.
Here is a table of the file type and the corresponding kpathsea variables. TTF2PKINPUTS
and TTF2TFMINPUTS are program specific environment variables introduced in kpathsea
version 3.2:
.ttf and .ttc TTFONTS
ttf2pk.cfg TTF2PKINPUTS
.map TTF2PKINPUTS
.enc TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS
.rpl TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS
.tfm TFMFONTS
.sfd TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS
Please consult the info files of kpathsea for details on these variables.
You should set the TEXMFCNF variable to the directory where your texmf.cnf configuration
file resides.
Here is the proper command to find out to which value a kpathsea variable is set (we use
TTFONTS as an example). This is especially useful if a variable isn't set in texmf.cnf or
in the environment, thus pointing to the default value which is hard-coded into the
kpathsea library.
kpsewhich -progname=ttf2tfm -expand-var='$TTFONTS'
We select the program name also since it is possible to specify variables which are
searched only for a certain program -- in our example it would be TTFONTS.ttf2tfm.
A similar but not identical method is to say
kpsewhich -progname=ttf2tfm -show-path='truetype fonts'
[A full list of format types can be obtained by saying `kpsewhich --help' on the command
line prompt.] This is exactly how ttf2tfm (and ttf2pk) searches for files; the
disadvantage is that all variables are expanded which can cause very long strings.
emtexdir
Here the list of suffixes and their related environment variables to be set in
autoexec.bat (resp. in config.sys for OS/2):
.ttf and .ttc TTFONTS
ttf2pk.cfg TTFCFG
.map TTFCFG
.enc TTFCFG
.rpl TTFCFG
.tfm TEXTFM
.sfd TTFCFG
If one of the variables isn't set, a warning message is emitted. The current directory
will always be searched. As usual, one exclamation mark appended to a directory path
causes subdirectories one level deep to be searched, two exclamation marks cause all
subdirectories to be searched. Example:
TTFONTS=c:\fonts\truetype!!;d:\myfonts\truetype!
Constructions like `c:\fonts!!\truetype' aren't possible.
MiKTeX
Both ttf2tfm and ttf2pk have been fully integrated into MiKTeX. Please refer to the
documentation of MiKTeX for more details on file searching.
PROBLEMS
Many vptovf implementations allow only 100 bytes for the TFM header (the limit is 1024 in
the TFM file format itself): 8 bytes for checksum and design size, 40 bytes for the family
name, 20 bytes for the encoding, and 4 bytes for a face byte. There remain only 28 bytes
for some additional information which is used by ttf2tfm for an identification string
(which is essentially a copy of the command line), and this limit is always exceeded.
The optimal solution is to increase the value of max_header_bytes in the file vptovf.web
(and probably pltotf.web too) to, say, 400 and recompile vptovf (and pltotf). Otherwise
you'll get some (harmless) error messages like
This HEADER index is too big for my present table size
which can be safely ignored.
SEE ALSO
ttf2pk(1), afm2tfm(1), vptovf(1),
the info pages for dvips and kpathsea
AVAILABILITY
ttf2tfm is part of the FreeType 1 package, a high quality TrueType rendering library.
AUTHORS
Werner LEMBERG <wl@gnu.org>
Frédéric LOYER <loyer@ensta.fr>