Provided by: libxml-parser-perl_2.44-1build1_amd64 
NAME
XML::Parser::Expat - Lowlevel access to James Clark's expat XML parser
SYNOPSIS
use XML::Parser::Expat;
$parser = XML::Parser::Expat->new;
$parser->setHandlers('Start' => \&sh,
'End' => \&eh,
'Char' => \&ch);
open(FOO, '<', 'info.xml') or die "Couldn't open";
$parser->parse(*FOO);
close(FOO);
# $parser->parse('<foo id="me"> here <em>we</em> go </foo>');
sub sh
{
my ($p, $el, %atts) = @_;
$p->setHandlers('Char' => \&spec)
if ($el eq 'special');
...
}
sub eh
{
my ($p, $el) = @_;
$p->setHandlers('Char' => \&ch) # Special elements won't contain
if ($el eq 'special'); # other special elements
...
}
DESCRIPTION
This module provides an interface to James Clark's XML parser, expat. As in expat, a
single instance of the parser can only parse one document. Calls to parsestring after the
first for a given instance will die.
Expat (and XML::Parser::Expat) are event based. As the parser recognizes parts of the
document (say the start or end of an XML element), then any handlers registered for that
type of an event are called with suitable parameters.
METHODS
new This is a class method, the constructor for XML::Parser::Expat. Options are passed as
keyword value pairs. The recognized options are:
• ProtocolEncoding
The protocol encoding name. The default is none. The expat built-in encodings are:
"UTF-8", "ISO-8859-1", "UTF-16", and "US-ASCII". Other encodings may be used if
they have encoding maps in one of the directories in the @Encoding_Path list.
Setting the protocol encoding overrides any encoding in the XML declaration.
• Namespaces
When this option is given with a true value, then the parser does namespace
processing. By default, namespace processing is turned off. When it is turned on,
the parser consumes xmlns attributes and strips off prefixes from element and
attributes names where those prefixes have a defined namespace. A name's namespace
can be found using the "namespace" method and two names can be checked for
absolute equality with the "eq_name" method.
• NoExpand
Normally, the parser will try to expand references to entities defined in the
internal subset. If this option is set to a true value, and a default handler is
also set, then the default handler will be called when an entity reference is seen
in text. This has no effect if a default handler has not been registered, and it
has no effect on the expansion of entity references inside attribute values.
• Stream_Delimiter
This option takes a string value. When this string is found alone on a line while
parsing from a stream, then the parse is ended as if it saw an end of file. The
intended use is with a stream of xml documents in a MIME multipart format. The
string should not contain a trailing newline.
• ErrorContext
When this option is defined, errors are reported in context. The value of
ErrorContext should be the number of lines to show on either side of the line in
which the error occurred.
• ParseParamEnt
Unless standalone is set to "yes" in the XML declaration, setting this to a true
value allows the external DTD to be read, and parameter entities to be parsed and
expanded.
• Base
The base to use for relative pathnames or URLs. This can also be done by using the
base method.
setHandlers(TYPE, HANDLER [, TYPE, HANDLER [...]])
This method registers handlers for the various events. If no handlers are registered,
then a call to parsestring or parsefile will only determine if the corresponding XML
document is well formed (by returning without error.) This may be called from within
a handler, after the parse has started.
Setting a handler to something that evaluates to false unsets that handler.
This method returns a list of type, handler pairs corresponding to the input. The
handlers returned are the ones that were in effect before the call to setHandlers.
The recognized events and the parameters passed to the corresponding handlers are:
• Start (Parser, Element [, Attr, Val [,...]])
This event is generated when an XML start tag is recognized. Parser is an
XML::Parser::Expat instance. Element is the name of the XML element that is opened
with the start tag. The Attr & Val pairs are generated for each attribute in the
start tag.
• End (Parser, Element)
This event is generated when an XML end tag is recognized. Note that an XML empty
tag (<foo/>) generates both a start and an end event.
There is always a lower level start and end handler installed that wrap the
corresponding callbacks. This is to handle the context mechanism. A consequence
of this is that the default handler (see below) will not see a start tag or end
tag unless the default_current method is called.
• Char (Parser, String)
This event is generated when non-markup is recognized. The non-markup sequence of
characters is in String. A single non-markup sequence of characters may generate
multiple calls to this handler. Whatever the encoding of the string in the
original document, this is given to the handler in UTF-8.
• Proc (Parser, Target, Data)
This event is generated when a processing instruction is recognized.
• Comment (Parser, String)
This event is generated when a comment is recognized.
• CdataStart (Parser)
This is called at the start of a CDATA section.
• CdataEnd (Parser)
This is called at the end of a CDATA section.
• Default (Parser, String)
This is called for any characters that don't have a registered handler. This
includes both characters that are part of markup for which no events are generated
(markup declarations) and characters that could generate events, but for which no
handler has been registered.
Whatever the encoding in the original document, the string is returned to the
handler in UTF-8.
• Unparsed (Parser, Entity, Base, Sysid, Pubid, Notation)
This is called for a declaration of an unparsed entity. Entity is the name of the
entity. Base is the base to be used for resolving a relative URI. Sysid is the
system id. Pubid is the public id. Notation is the notation name. Base and Pubid
may be undefined.
• Notation (Parser, Notation, Base, Sysid, Pubid)
This is called for a declaration of notation. Notation is the notation name. Base
is the base to be used for resolving a relative URI. Sysid is the system id. Pubid
is the public id. Base, Sysid, and Pubid may all be undefined.
• ExternEnt (Parser, Base, Sysid, Pubid)
This is called when an external entity is referenced. Base is the base to be used
for resolving a relative URI. Sysid is the system id. Pubid is the public id.
Base, and Pubid may be undefined.
This handler should either return a string, which represents the contents of the
external entity, or return an open filehandle that can be read to obtain the
contents of the external entity, or return undef, which indicates the external
entity couldn't be found and will generate a parse error.
If an open filehandle is returned, it must be returned as either a glob (*FOO) or
as a reference to a glob (e.g. an instance of IO::Handle).
• ExternEntFin (Parser)
This is called after an external entity has been parsed. It allows applications to
perform cleanup on actions performed in the above ExternEnt handler.
• Entity (Parser, Name, Val, Sysid, Pubid, Ndata, IsParam)
This is called when an entity is declared. For internal entities, the Val
parameter will contain the value and the remaining three parameters will be
undefined. For external entities, the Val parameter will be undefined, the Sysid
parameter will have the system id, the Pubid parameter will have the public id if
it was provided (it will be undefined otherwise), the Ndata parameter will contain
the notation for unparsed entities. If this is a parameter entity declaration,
then the IsParam parameter is true.
Note that this handler and the Unparsed handler above overlap. If both are set,
then this handler will not be called for unparsed entities.
• Element (Parser, Name, Model)
The element handler is called when an element declaration is found. Name is the
element name, and Model is the content model as an XML::Parser::ContentModel
object. See "XML::Parser::ContentModel Methods" for methods available for this
class.
• Attlist (Parser, Elname, Attname, Type, Default, Fixed)
This handler is called for each attribute in an ATTLIST declaration. So an
ATTLIST declaration that has multiple attributes will generate multiple calls to
this handler. The Elname parameter is the name of the element with which the
attribute is being associated. The Attname parameter is the name of the attribute.
Type is the attribute type, given as a string. Default is the default value, which
will either be "#REQUIRED", "#IMPLIED" or a quoted string (i.e. the returned
string will begin and end with a quote character). If Fixed is true, then this is
a fixed attribute.
• Doctype (Parser, Name, Sysid, Pubid, Internal)
This handler is called for DOCTYPE declarations. Name is the document type name.
Sysid is the system id of the document type, if it was provided, otherwise it's
undefined. Pubid is the public id of the document type, which will be undefined if
no public id was given. Internal will be true or false, indicating whether or not
the doctype declaration contains an internal subset.
• DoctypeFin (Parser)
This handler is called after parsing of the DOCTYPE declaration has finished,
including any internal or external DTD declarations.
• XMLDecl (Parser, Version, Encoding, Standalone)
This handler is called for XML declarations. Version is a string containing the
version. Encoding is either undefined or contains an encoding string. Standalone
is either undefined, or true or false. Undefined indicates that no standalone
parameter was given in the XML declaration. True or false indicates "yes" or "no"
respectively.
namespace(name)
Return the URI of the namespace that the name belongs to. If the name doesn't belong
to any namespace, an undef is returned. This is only valid on names received through
the Start or End handlers from a single document, or through a call to the
generate_ns_name method. In other words, don't use names generated from one instance
of XML::Parser::Expat with other instances.
eq_name(name1, name2)
Return true if name1 and name2 are identical (i.e. same name and from the same
namespace.) This is only meaningful if both names were obtained through the Start or
End handlers from a single document, or through a call to the generate_ns_name method.
generate_ns_name(name, namespace)
Return a name, associated with a given namespace, good for using with the above 2
methods. The namespace argument should be the namespace URI, not a prefix.
new_ns_prefixes
When called from a start tag handler, returns namespace prefixes declared with this
start tag. If called elsewhere (or if there were no namespace prefixes declared), it
returns an empty list. Setting of the default namespace is indicated with '#default'
as a prefix.
expand_ns_prefix(prefix)
Return the uri to which the given prefix is currently bound. Returns undef if the
prefix isn't currently bound. Use '#default' to find the current binding of the
default namespace (if any).
current_ns_prefixes
Return a list of currently bound namespace prefixes. The order of the the prefixes in
the list has no meaning. If the default namespace is currently bound, '#default'
appears in the list.
recognized_string
Returns the string from the document that was recognized in order to call the current
handler. For instance, when called from a start handler, it will give us the start-tag
string. The string is encoded in UTF-8. This method doesn't return a meaningful
string inside declaration handlers.
original_string
Returns the verbatim string from the document that was recognized in order to call the
current handler. The string is in the original document encoding. This method doesn't
return a meaningful string inside declaration handlers.
default_current
When called from a handler, causes the sequence of characters that generated the
corresponding event to be sent to the default handler (if one is registered). Use of
this method is deprecated in favor the recognized_string method, which you can use
without installing a default handler. This method doesn't deliver a meaningful string
to the default handler when called from inside declaration handlers.
xpcroak(message)
Concatenate onto the given message the current line number within the XML document
plus the message implied by ErrorContext. Then croak with the formed message.
xpcarp(message)
Concatenate onto the given message the current line number within the XML document
plus the message implied by ErrorContext. Then carp with the formed message.
current_line
Returns the line number of the current position of the parse.
current_column
Returns the column number of the current position of the parse.
current_byte
Returns the current position of the parse.
base([NEWBASE]);
Returns the current value of the base for resolving relative URIs. If NEWBASE is
supplied, changes the base to that value.
context
Returns a list of element names that represent open elements, with the last one being
the innermost. Inside start and end tag handlers, this will be the tag of the parent
element.
current_element
Returns the name of the innermost currently opened element. Inside start or end
handlers, returns the parent of the element associated with those tags.
in_element(NAME)
Returns true if NAME is equal to the name of the innermost currently opened element.
If namespace processing is being used and you want to check against a name that may be
in a namespace, then use the generate_ns_name method to create the NAME argument.
within_element(NAME)
Returns the number of times the given name appears in the context list. If namespace
processing is being used and you want to check against a name that may be in a
namespace, then use the generate_ns_name method to create the NAME argument.
depth
Returns the size of the context list.
element_index
Returns an integer that is the depth-first visit order of the current element. This
will be zero outside of the root element. For example, this will return 1 when called
from the start handler for the root element start tag.
skip_until(INDEX)
INDEX is an integer that represents an element index. When this method is called, all
handlers are suspended until the start tag for an element that has an index number
equal to INDEX is seen. If a start handler has been set, then this is the first tag
that the start handler will see after skip_until has been called.
position_in_context(LINES)
Returns a string that shows the current parse position. LINES should be an integer >=
0 that represents the number of lines on either side of the current parse line to
place into the returned string.
xml_escape(TEXT [, CHAR [, CHAR ...]])
Returns TEXT with markup characters turned into character entities. Any additional
characters provided as arguments are also turned into character references where found
in TEXT.
parse (SOURCE)
The SOURCE parameter should either be a string containing the whole XML document, or
it should be an open IO::Handle. Only a single document may be parsed for a given
instance of XML::Parser::Expat, so this will croak if it's been called previously for
this instance.
parsestring(XML_DOC_STRING)
Parses the given string as an XML document. Only a single document may be parsed for a
given instance of XML::Parser::Expat, so this will die if either parsestring or
parsefile has been called for this instance previously.
This method is deprecated in favor of the parse method.
parsefile(FILENAME)
Parses the XML document in the given file. Will die if parsestring or parsefile has
been called previously for this instance.
is_defaulted(ATTNAME)
NO LONGER WORKS. To find out if an attribute is defaulted please use the
specified_attr method.
specified_attr
When the start handler receives lists of attributes and values, the non-defaulted
(i.e. explicitly specified) attributes occur in the list first. This method returns
the number of specified items in the list. So if this number is equal to the length
of the list, there were no defaulted values. Otherwise the number points to the index
of the first defaulted attribute name.
finish
Unsets all handlers (including internal ones that set context), but expat continues
parsing to the end of the document or until it finds an error. It should finish up a
lot faster than with the handlers set.
release
There are data structures used by XML::Parser::Expat that have circular references.
This means that these structures will never be garbage collected unless these
references are explicitly broken. Calling this method breaks those references (and
makes the instance unusable.)
Normally, higher level calls handle this for you, but if you are using
XML::Parser::Expat directly, then it's your responsibility to call it.
XML::Parser::ContentModel Methods
The element declaration handlers are passed objects of this class as the content model of
the element declaration. They also represent content particles, components of a content
model.
When referred to as a string, these objects are automagicly converted to a string
representation of the model (or content particle).
isempty
This method returns true if the object is "EMPTY", false otherwise.
isany
This method returns true if the object is "ANY", false otherwise.
ismixed
This method returns true if the object is "(#PCDATA)" or "(#PCDATA|...)*", false
otherwise.
isname
This method returns if the object is an element name.
ischoice
This method returns true if the object is a choice of content particles.
isseq
This method returns true if the object is a sequence of content particles.
quant
This method returns undef or a string representing the quantifier ('?', '*', '+')
associated with the model or particle.
children
This method returns undef or (for mixed, choice, and sequence types) an array of
component content particles. There will always be at least one component for choices
and sequences, but for a mixed content model of pure PCDATA, "(#PCDATA)", then an
undef is returned.
XML::Parser::ExpatNB Methods
The class XML::Parser::ExpatNB is a subclass of XML::Parser::Expat used for non-blocking
access to the expat library. It does not support the parse, parsestring, or parsefile
methods, but it does have these additional methods:
parse_more(DATA)
Feed expat more text to munch on.
parse_done
Tell expat that it's gotten the whole document.
FUNCTIONS
XML::Parser::Expat::load_encoding(ENCODING)
Load an external encoding. ENCODING is either the name of an encoding or the name of a
file. The basename is converted to lowercase and a '.enc' extension is appended unless
there's one already there. Then, unless it's an absolute pathname (i.e. begins with
'/'), the first file by that name discovered in the @Encoding_Path path list is used.
The encoding in the file is loaded and kept in the %Encoding_Table table. Earlier
encodings of the same name are replaced.
This function is automatically called by expat when it encounters an encoding it
doesn't know about. Expat shouldn't call this twice for the same encoding name. The
only reason users should use this function is to explicitly load an encoding not
contained in the @Encoding_Path list.
AUTHORS
Larry Wall <larry@wall.org> wrote version 1.0.
Clark Cooper <coopercc@netheaven.com> picked up support, changed the API for this version
(2.x), provided documentation, and added some standard package features.