NAME

       ddrescue - data recovery tool

SYNOPSIS

       ddrescue [options] infile outfile [logfile]

DESCRIPTION

       GNU  ddrescue - Data recovery tool.  Copies data from one file or block device to another,
       trying to rescue the good parts first in case of read errors.

       You should use a logfile unless you know what you are doing.  If  you  reboot,  check  the
       device  names before restarting ddrescue.  Do not use options '-F' or '-G' without reading
       the manual first.

OPTIONS

       -h, --help
              display this help and exit

       -V, --version
              output version information and exit

       -a, --min-read-rate=<bytes>
              minimum read rate of good areas in bytes/s

       -A, --try-again
              mark non-trimmed, non-scraped as non-tried

       -b, --sector-size=<bytes>
              sector size of input device [default 512]

       -B, --binary-prefixes
              show binary multipliers in numbers [SI]

       -c, --cluster-size=<sectors>
              sectors to copy at a time [128]

       -C, --complete-only
              do not read new data beyond logfile limits

       -d, --direct
              use direct disc access for input file

       -D, --synchronous
              use synchronous writes for output file

       -e, --max-errors=[+]<n>
              maximum number of [new] error areas allowed

       -E, --max-error-rate=<bytes>
              maximum allowed rate of read errors per second

       -f, --force
              overwrite output device or partition

       -F, --fill-mode=<types>
              fill given type blocks with infile data (?*/-+)

       -G, --generate-mode
              generate approximate logfile from partial copy

       -H, --test-mode=<file>
              set map of good/bad blocks from given logile

       -i, --input-position=<bytes>
              starting position of domain in input file [0]

       -I, --verify-input-size
              verify input file size with size in logfile

       -K, --skip-size=<min>[,<max>]
              initial size to skip on read error [64 KiB]

       -L, --loose-domain
              accept an incomplete domain logfile

       -m, --domain-logfile=<file>
              restrict domain to finished blocks in file

       -M, --retrim
              mark all failed blocks as non-trimmed

       -n, --no-scrape
              skip the scraping phase

       -N, --no-trim
              skip the trimming phase

       -o, --output-position=<bytes>
              starting position in output file [ipos]

       -O, --reopen-on-error
              reopen input file after every read error

       -p, --preallocate
              preallocate space on disc for output file

       -P, --data-preview[=<lines>]
              show some lines of the latest data read [3]

       -q, --quiet
              suppress all messages

       -r, --retry-passes=<n>
              exit after <n> retry passes (-1=infinity) [0]

       -R, --reverse
              reverse the direction of all passes

       -s, --size=<bytes>
              maximum size of input data to be copied

       -S, --sparse
              use sparse writes for output file

       -t, --truncate
              truncate output file to zero size

       -T, --timeout=<interval>
              maximum time since last successful read

       -u, --unidirectional
              run all passes in the same direction

       -v, --verbose
              be verbose (a 2nd -v gives more)

       -w, --ignore-write-errors
              make fill mode ignore write errors

       -x, --extend-outfile=<bytes>
              extend outfile size to be at least this long

       -X, --exit-on-error
              exit after the first read error

       -1, --log-rates=<file>
              log rates and error sizes in file

       -2, --log-reads=<file>
              log all read operations in file

       --ask  ask for confirmation before starting the copy

       --cpass=<n>[,<n>]
              select what copying pass(es) to run

       --pause=<interval>
              time to wait between passes [0]

       Numbers may be in decimal, hexadecimal or octal, and may be followed by a multiplier: s  =
       sectors,  k = 1000, Ki = 1024, M = 10^6, Mi = 2^20, etc...  Time intervals have the format
       1[.5][smhd] or 1/2[smhd].

       Exit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems (file  not  found,  invalid
       flags,  I/O errors, etc), 2 to indicate a corrupt or invalid input file, 3 for an internal
       consistency error (eg, bug) which caused ddrescue to panic.

REPORTING BUGS

       Report bugs to bug-ddrescue@gnu.org
       Ddrescue home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/ddrescue.html
       General help using GNU software: http://www.gnu.org/gethelp

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright © 2014  Antonio  Diaz  Diaz.   License  GPLv2+:  GNU  GPL  version  2  or  later
       <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
       This  is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY,
       to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO

       The full documentation for ddrescue is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If  the  info  and
       ddrescue programs are properly installed at your site, the command

              info ddrescue

       should give you access to the complete manual.