Provided by: ftnchek_3.3.1-5_amd64 bug

NAME

       ftnchek - Fortran 77 program checker

SYNOPSIS

       ftnchek [ -arguments[=list] ] [ -array[=list] ]
            [ -[no]brief ] [ -calltree[=list] ] [ -[no]check ]
            [ -columns[=num] ] [ -common[=list] ]
            [ -[no]crossref[=list] ] [ -[no]declare ]
            [ -[no]division ] [ -errors[=num] ] [ -[no]extern ]
            [ -[no]f77[=list] ] [ -[no]f90[=list] ]
            [ -[no]f95[=list] ] [ -[no]help ]
            [ -[no]identifier-chars[=list] ] [ -include=str ]
            [ -intrinsic[=list] ] [ -[no]library ] [ -[no]list ]
            [ -makedcls[=list] ] [ -mkhtml[=list] ]
            [ -[no]novice ] [ -output=str ]
            [ -pointersize[=num] ] [ -[no]portability[=list] ]
            [ -[no]pretty[=list] ] [ -project[=list] ]
            [ -[no]pure ] [ -[no]quiet ] [ -[no]reference ]
            [ -[no]resources ] [ -[no]sixchar ] [ -[no]sort ]
            [ -source[=list] ] [ -style[=list] ] [ -[no]symtab ]
            [ -[no]truncation[=list] ] [ -usage[=list] ]
            [ -[no]vcg ] [ -[no]version ] [ -[no]volatile ]
            [ -wordsize[=num] ] [ -wrap[=num] ] [ files ...  ]

DESCRIPTION

       ftnchek  (short  for  Fortran  checker)  is designed to detect certain errors in a Fortran
       program that a compiler usually does not.  ftnchek is not  primarily  intended  to  detect
       syntax  errors.   Its  purpose is to assist the user in finding semantic errors.  Semantic
       errors are legal in  the  Fortran  language  but  are  wasteful  or  may  cause  incorrect
       operation.   For example, variables which are never used may indicate some omission in the
       program; uninitialized variables contain garbage which may cause incorrect results  to  be
       calculated;  and variables which are not declared may not have the intended type.  ftnchek
       is intended to assist users in the debugging of their Fortran program.  It is not intended
       to  catch  all  syntax  errors.   This  is  the  function of the compiler.  Prior to using
       ftnchek, the user should verify that the program compiles correctly.

       This document first summarizes how to invoke ftnchek.  That section should be read  before
       beginning  to use ftnchek.  Later sections describe ftnchek's options in more detail, give
       an example of its use, and explain how  to  interpret  the  output.   The  final  sections
       mention the limitations and known bugs in ftnchek.

INVOKING FTNCHEK

       ftnchek is invoked through a command of the form:

                        $ ftnchek [-option -option ...] filename [filename ...]

       The  brackets  indicate  something  which  is  optional.   The brackets themselves are not
       actually typed.  Here options are command-line switches or  settings,  which  control  the
       operation  of  the  program and the amount of information that will be printed out.  If no
       option is specified, the  default  action  is  to  print  error  messages,  warnings,  and
       informational messages, but not the program listing or symbol tables.

       Each  option  begins  with  the  '-' character.  (On VAX/VMS or MS-DOS systems you may use
       either '/' or '-'.)  For the sake of conformity with an  increasingly  common  convention,
       options can also begin with '--'.  The options are described at greater length in the next
       section.

       ftnchek options fall into two categories: switches, which are either true  or  false,  and
       settings,  which have a numeric or string value.  The name of a switch is prefixed by 'no'
       or 'no-' to turn it off: e.g. -nopure would turn off the warnings about impure  functions.
       The  'no'  prefix can also be used with numeric settings, having the effect of turning off
       the corresponding warnings.  Settings that control lists of warnings have a special syntax
       discussed  below.   Only  the  first 3 characters of an option name (not counting the '-')
       need be provided.  A colon may be used in place of an equals sign for  numeric  or  string
       setting assignments; however, we show only the equals sign form below.

       The  switches  and settings which ftnchek currently recognizes are listed below.  For each
       option, the default is the value used if the option is not explicitly specified, while the
       turn-on is the value used if the option is given without assigning it a value.

       -arguments=list
              Control  warnings about subprogram type and argument mismatches.  Default = turn-on
              = all.

       -array=list
              Control warnings in checking array arguments of subprograms.  Default =  turn-on  =
              all.

       -brief Use shorter format for some error messages.  Default = no.

       -calltree=list
              Produce  subprogram  call hierarchy in one of 3 formats: text call-tree, who-calls-
              who and VCG.  Default = none, turn-on = tree,prune,sort.

              If the -mkhtml option is invoked and tree is the applied calltree  option,  a  file
              named CallTree.html, will be produced depicting the tree in HTML format.

       -check Perform checking.  Default = yes.

       -columns=num
              Set  maximum line length to num columns. (Beyond this is ignored.)  Turn-on = max =
              132.  Default = 72.

       -common=list
              Set degree of strictness in checking COMMON blocks.  Default = turn-on = all.

       -crossref=list
              Print cross-reference list of subprogram calls, label usage,  and/or  COMMON  block
              use.  Default = none.

       -declare
              Print a list of all identifiers whose datatype is not explicitly declared.  Default
              = no.

       -division
              Warn wherever division is done (except division by a constant).  Default = no.

       -errors=num
              Set the maximum number of error messages per cascade.  Default = turn-on = 3.

       -extern
              Warn if external subprograms which are invoked are never defined.  Default = yes.

       -f77=list
              Control specific warnings about supported extensions to the  Fortran  77  Standard.
              Default  = none, turn-on = all.

       -f90=list
              Control  specific  warnings  about  supported extensions to the Fortran 77 Standard
              that were not adopted as part of the Fortran 90 Standard.  Default  = none, turn-on
              = all.

       -f95=list
              Control specific warnings about standard Fortran 77 features that were deleted from
              the Fortran 95 Standard.  Default  = none, turn-on = all.

       -help  Print command summary.  Default = no.

       -identifier-chars=list
              Define non-alphanumeric characters that may be  used  in  identifiers.   Default  =
              turn-on = dollar sign and underscore.

       -include=path
              Define  a directory to search for INCLUDE files before searching in the system-wide
              directory.  Cumulative.  Default = turn-on = none.

       -intrinsic=list
              Control treatment of nonstandard intrinsic functions.  Default = all except vms for
              Unix  version,  all  except unix for VMS version, all except unix and vms for other
              versions.  Turn-on = all.

       -library
              Begin library mode: do not warn about subprograms in  file  that  are  defined  but
              never used.  Default = no.

       -list  Print source listing of program.  Default = no.

       -makedcls=list
              Prepare  a file of declarations.  The list specifies options for the format of this
              file.  Default = none, turn-on = declarations.

       -mkhtml=list
              Create individual HTML document files from  ftnchek  analysis  and  code  comments.
              Usually  you  will  also  want  to  specify -call=tree to create the root HTML file
              CallTree.html.  Default = none, turn-on = documents.

       -novice
              Give output suitable for novice users.  Default = yes.

       -output=filename
              Send output to the given file.  Default and turn-on sends  output  to  the  screen.
              (Default filename extension is .lis).

       -pointersize=num
              Set  the  size  of  ``Cray  pointer''  variables  to num bytes.  Min = 1, max = 16.
              Default = turn-on = 4

       -portability=list
              Warn about non-portable usages.  Default = none, turn-on = all.

       -pretty=list
              Give warnings for possibly misleading appearance of source code.    Default = turn-
              on = all.

       -project=list
              Create project file (see explanation below).  Default = no.

       -pure  Assume functions are pure, i.e. have no side effects.  Default = yes.

       -quiet Produce less verbose output.  Default = no.

       -reference
              Print table of subprograms referenced by each subprogram.  Default = no.

       -resources
              Print amount of resources used in analyzing the program.  Default = no.

       -sixchar
              List any variable names which clash at 6 characters length.  Default = no.

       -sort  Print list of subprograms sorted in prerequisite order.  Default = no.

       -source=list
              Select  source  formatting  options:  fixed or free form, DEC Fortran tab-formatted
              lines, VMS-style INCLUDE statement,  UNIX-style  backslash  escape  sequences,  and
              implicit typing of parameters.  Default = none, turn-on = all.

       -style=list
              Produce   extra-picky  warnings  about  obsolescent  or  old-fashioned  programming
              constructions.  Default = none, turn-on = all.

       -symtab
              Print symbol table and label table for each subprogram.  Default = no.

       -truncation=list
              Check for possible loss of accuracy by truncation.  Default = turn-on = all.

       -usage=list
              Control warnings about unused  or  uninitialized  variables,  common  blocks,  etc.
              Default = turn-on = all.

       -vcg   Produce VCG format of call graph.

       -version
              Print version number.  Default = no.

       -volatile
              Assume COMMON blocks lose definition between activations.  Default = no. (Obsolete.
              Use -common=volatile instead.)

       -wordsize=num
              Set the default word size for numeric quantities to num bytes.  Default = turn-on =
              4 bytes.

       -wrap=num
              Set  output  column  at  which to wrap long error messages and warnings to the next
              line.  If set to 0, turn off wrapping.  Default = turn-on = 79.

       When more than one option is used, they should be separated by a blank  space,  except  on
       systems  such  as VMS where options begin with slash ( / ).  No blank spaces may be placed
       around the equals sign ( = ) in a setting.  ftnchek "?"  will produce  a  command  summary
       listing all options and settings.

       For  settings that take a list of keywords, namely -arguments, -array, -calltree, -common,
       -crossref, -f77,  -f90,  -f95,  -intrinsic,  -makedcls,  -mkhtml,  -portability,  -pretty,
       -project,  -source,  -style,  -truncation,  and  -usage,  the  list  consists  of keywords
       separated by commas or colons.  If the list of keywords is omitted, the effect is  to  set
       the  option  to  its  turn-on value (same as ``all'' in most cases).  Also, if the list is
       omitted, the setting name can be prefixed with no or no- to turn off all  the  options  it
       controls.   For example, -f77 turns on all warnings about nonstandard constructions, while
       -nof77 turns them all off.    Three special keywords are:

       help   Print out all  the  option  keywords  controlled  by  the  setting,  with  a  brief
              explanation  of  their meanings.  This keyword cannot be given in a list with other
              keywords.

       all    Set all options. This turns on all options controlled by the setting.

       none   Clear all options.  This turns off all options controlled by the setting.

       These three special keywords must be given in full.  For all other keywords, only as  many
       letters  of  the keyword as are necessary to identify it unambiguously need be given, or a
       wildcard pattern may be used.  Including a keyword in the  list  turns  the  corresponding
       option  on.   For  example,  -f77=intrinsic  would  turn on only the warnings about use of
       nonstandard intrinsic functions.  Prefixing a keyword by no- turns its  option  off.   For
       example,  -pretty=no-long-line  turns  off  warnings  about  lines exceeding 72 columns in
       length while leaving all other warnings about  misleading  appearance  in  effect.   If  a
       setting  has  default  none,  you  can  turn on all options except one or two by using all
       first.  For example, -f77=all,no-include enables warnings about all nonstandard extensions
       except  INCLUDE  statements.   If a setting has default all, you can turn off all warnings
       except one or two by using none first.  For example, -truncation=none,demotion would  turn
       off  all  precision related warnings except about demotions.  Wildcard patterns contain an
       asterisk to stand for any string of characters.  If a wildcard pattern is  used,  all  the
       warnings  that match it are affected.  If no- is prefixed to the pattern, all the matching
       warnings are turned off, otherwise they are all turned on.  The minimum unambiguous length
       rule  does not apply to wildcard matching.    For example, use -usage=no-*var* to turn off
       all warnings relating to variable usage (both local and common).  (Unix users may need  to
       quote  any  options  containing wildcards in order to prevent the shell from attempting to
       expand them.)  Wildcards are recognized only in lists of warning keywords, not in the top-
       level options themselves.

       When  ftnchek  starts  up,  it  looks for environment variables and also for a preferences
       file.  Any options defined in the environment or in  the  preferences  file  are  used  as
       defaults  in  place  of  the  built-in defaults.  They are over-ridden by any command line
       options.  See the section on changing the  defaults  for  details  about  the  environment
       options and the preferences file.

       When giving a name of an input file, the extension is optional.  If no extension is given,
       ftnchek will first look for a project file with extension .prj, and will use  that  if  it
       exists.   If not, then ftnchek will look for a Fortran source file with the extension .for
       for VMS systems, .f for UNIX systems.  More than one file name can be  given  to  ftnchek,
       and it will process the modules in all files as if they were in a single file.

       Wildcards  are  allowed  in the specification of filenames on the command line for the VMS
       and MS-DOS versions, as also of course under UNIX  and  any  other  system  that  performs
       wildcard expansion in the command processor.

       If no filename is given, ftnchek will read input from the standard input.

OPTIONS

       This section provides a more detailed discussion of ftnchek command-line options.  Options
       and filenames may be interspersed on a command line.  Most options  are  positional:  each
       option  remains  in  effect  from  the point it is encountered until it is overridden by a
       later change.  Thus for example, the listing may be suppressed for some files and not  for
       others.   Exceptions  are:  the  -intrinsic,  -pointersize,  and -wordsize settings, which
       cannot be changed once processing of input files  has  started;  the  -arguments,  -array,
       -calltree, -common, -crossref, -extern, -reference, -resources, -sort, -vcg, and -volatile
       options, where the action depends only on the value of the option after the processing  of
       input files is finished; and the -include setting, which is cumulative.

       The option names in the following list are in alphabetical order.

       -arguments=list
              Controls  warnings  about mismatches between actual and dummy subprogram arguments,
              and also about mismatches between expected and actual subprogram type.  (An  actual
              argument is an argument passed to the subprogram by the caller; a dummy argument is
              an argument received by the subprogram.)  By default, all warnings are turned on.

              The list consists of keywords separated by  commas  or  colons.   Since  all  these
              warnings  are  on  by  default,  include  a  keyword  prefixed by no- to turn off a
              particular warning.  There are three special keywords:  all  to  turn  on  all  the
              warnings  about arguments, none to turn them all off, and help to print the list of
              all the keywords with a brief explanation of each.  If list is omitted,  -arguments
              is equivalent to -arguments=all, and -noarguments is equivalent to -arguments=none.
              The warning keywords with their meanings are as follows:

              arrayness:
                    warn about inconsistent use of arguments that are arrays.  These warnings can
                    be further controlled by the -array option.

              type:
                  warn about dummy arguments of a different data type from the actual arguments.

              function-type:
                  warn  if the invocation assumes the function's return value is a different type
                  than it actually is.  Also warns if a function is called as  a  subroutine,  or
                  vice-versa.

              number:
                  warn  about invoking a subprogram with a different number of arguments than the
                  subprogram expects.

              For compatibility with previous versions  of  ftnchek,   a  numeric  form  of  this
              setting is also accepted: the list is replaced by a number from 0 to 3.  A value of
              0 turns all the warnings off, 1 turns on only number, 2 turns on all except number,
              and 3 turns all the warnings on.

              This  setting  does  not  apply  to  checking invocations of intrinsic functions or
              statement functions, which can only be turned off by the -nocheck option.

              See also: -array, -library, -usage.

       -array=list
              Controls the degree of strictness in checking agreement between  actual  and  dummy
              subprogram  arguments that are arrays.  The warnings controlled by this setting are
              for constructions that might legitimately be used by  a  knowledgeable  programmer,
              but  that  often  indicate programming errors.  By default, all warnings are turned
              on.

              The list consists of keywords separated by  commas  or  colons.   Since  all  these
              warnings  are  on  by  default,  include  a  keyword  prefixed by no- to turn off a
              particular warning.  There are three special keywords:  all  to  turn  on  all  the
              warnings  about  array  arguments, none to turn them all off, and help to print the
              list of all the keywords with a brief explanation of each.   If  list  is  omitted,
              -array is equivalent to -array=all, and -noarray is equivalent to -array=none.  The
              warning keywords with their meanings are as follows:

              dimensions:
                  warn if the arguments differ in their number of dimensions, or  if  the  actual
                  argument is an array element while the dummy argument is a whole array.

              size:
                  warn if both arguments are arrays, but they differ in number of elements.

              For  compatibility  with  previous  versions  of  ftnchek,   a numeric form of this
              setting is also accepted: the list is replaced by a number from 0 to 3.  A value of
              0 turns all the warnings off, 1 turns on only dimensions, 2 turns on only size, and
              3 turns all the warnings on.

              Note: A warning is always given regardless of this setting if the  actual  argument
              is  an  array  while  the  dummy  argument  is  a scalar variable, or if the actual
              argument is a scalar variable or expression while the dummy argument is  an  array.
              These  cases  are  seldom  intentional.   (To  turn  off  even  these warnings, use
              -arguments=no-arrayness.)  No warning is ever given if the actual  argument  is  an
              array  element while the dummy argument is a scalar variable.  Variable-dimensioned
              arrays and arrays dimensioned  with  1  or  asterisk  match  any  number  of  array
              elements.   There is no check of whether multi-dimensional arrays agree in the size
              of each dimension separately.

              See also: -arguments, -library, -usage.

       -brief
              Selects a shorter format for some warning messages.  At present, the only  warnings
              controlled  by  this  flag are those that are printed at the end of processing each
              subprogram.  These include warnings about variables that are set but  not  used  or
              used  before  set,  variable  names that do not conform to the Fortran 77 standard,
              etc.  (These warnings may be suppressed entirely depending on other flags, such  as
              the  -usage  or  -f77  flags.)   In the default format each variable is listed on a
              separate line, along with the line number where the variable is  declared,  set  or
              used,  according to the nature of the warning.  The briefer format simply lists all
              variables to which the warning applies, with up to 4 variables per line.

              See also: -quiet.

       -calltree=list
              Causes ftnchek to print out the call structure of the complete program.

              The list consists of keywords separated by commas or colons.  There are two special
              keywords:  none  to turn off all the options, and help to print the list of all the
              keywords with a brief explanation of each.  (The  keyword  all  turns  on  all  the
              options,  but  should  not  normally  be  used  since  only  one  format  should be
              specified.)  If list is omitted, -calltree is  equivalent  to  -calltree=tree,  and
              -nocalltree is equivalent to -calltree=none.  By default no call graph is printed.

              If  the  -mkhtml  option is invoked and tree is the applied calltree option, a file
              named CallTree.html, will also be produced depicting the tree in HTML format.  This
              file  is  useful  as  a  starting point for browsing the HTML files describing each
              component of the program.

              The keywords which control which format is used are as follows:

              tree:
                  produce the call graph in tree format.

              reference:
                  produce the call graph in who-calls-who format (same as -reference switch).

              vcg:
                  produce the call graph in VCG format (same as -vcg switch).

              Only one of the formats tree, reference, or vcg may be specified.

              The following keywords control options affecting the output:

              prune:
                  prune repeated subtrees (applicable only with tree).  This the default.

              sort:
                  sort children of each routine into alphabetical order.  This is the default.

              See the discussion of the  -reference  and  -vcg  flags  for  details  about  these
              formats.

              For  tree  format,  The  call  graph is printed out starting from the main program,
              which is listed on the first line at the left margin.  Then on the following lines,
              each  routine called by the main program is listed, indented a few spaces, followed
              by the subtree starting at that routine.

              In the default mode, if a routine is called by more than  one  other  routine,  its
              call subtree is printed only the first time it is encountered Later calls give only
              the routine name and the notice ``(see above)''.  To have the subtree  printed  for
              each occurrence of the routine, use option no-prune.

              Note  that  the  call tree will be incomplete if any of the input files are project
              files containing more than one module that were created in -library mode.  See  the
              discussion of project files below.

              Technical  points:  Each  list  of routines called by a given routine is printed in
              alphabetical order unless the no-sort option is given.  If multiple  main  programs
              are  found,  the  call  tree  of each is printed separately.  If no main program is
              found, a report to that effect is printed out, and the call trees of any  top-level
              non-library routines are printed.  This flag only controls the printing of the call
              tree: ftnchek constructs the call tree in any case because it is used to  determine
              which  library  modules  will be cross-checked.  See the discussion of the -library
              flag.

              For compatibility with previous versions  of  ftnchek,   a  numeric  form  of  this
              setting  is  also  accepted:  the  list is replaced by a number from 0 to 15.  This
              number is formed from 1 for tree format, 2 for  reference  format,  or  3  for  vcg
              format, plus 4 for no-prune, and 8 for no-sort.

              See also: -crossref, -library, -reference, -sort, -symtab, -vcg.

       -check
              This  switch is provided so that errors and warning messages can be turned off when
              ftnchek is used for purposes other than finding bugs, such as  making  declarations
              or  printing  the  call  tree.   It is positional, so after turning all checks off,
              selected checks can be turned back on.  The  effect  of  -nocheck  is  to  put  all
              switches,  numeric  settings,  and  settings controlling lists of warnings to their
              turn-off values, as if they had all been specified with the -no  prefix.   Switches
              and  settings  that specify options and modes of operation, rather than controlling
              warnings, are unaffected.  These are  -columns,  -crossref,  -include,  -intrinsic,
              -library,  -list,  -makedcls,  -novice,  -output,  -pointersize,  -project, -quiet,
              -reference, -resources, -sort, -source, -symtab,  -vcg,  -version,  -wordsize,  and
              -wrap.  Default = yes.

              Parse  errors  (syntax  errors due to unrecognized or malformed statements) are not
              suppressed by this switch, since the results may be incorrect if  ftnchek  has  not
              parsed the program correctly.

              There are some miscellaneous errors and warning messages that are not controlled by
              any other switch, and so can be turned off only by this switch.   Note  that  using
              -check  following  -nocheck  only  has the effect of turning these special warnings
              back on, and does not restore all the checks it turned off.  These warnings are:

              o   Module contains no executable statements.

              o   In free source form, missing space where space  is  required  (e.g.  between  a
                  keyword  and an identifier) or space present where none is allowed (e.g. within
                  an identifier).

              o   Zero or negative length specification in a data type declaration  of  the  form
                  type*len.

              o   Invalid operand(s) in an expression.

              o   Array assigned to scalar.

              o   Type mismatch between DO index and bounds.

              o   Undefined common block declared in SAVE statement.

              o   Intrinsic function explicitly declared with an incompatible type.

              o   Unknown intrinsic function explicitly declared in an INTRINSIC statement.

              o   Intrinsic  function  passed  as  a  subprogram  argument  is not declared in an
                  INTRINSIC statement.

              o   Intrinsic function or statement function invoked incorrectly.

              o   Function does not set return value prior to RETURN statement.

              o   Parameter constant value not evaluated (this is ftnchek's fault, and it is just
                  informing you of the fact).

              o   Entry point of a subprogram is later used as a different subprogram's name.

              o   Unknown keyword used in an I/O statement.

              o   Illegal  label  reference  (e.g. GOTO refers to a non-executable statement; I/O
                  statement refers to a non-format statement).

              See also: -errors.

       -columns=num
              Set maximum statement length to num  columns.   (Beyond  this  is  ignored.)   This
              setting  is  provided  to  allow checking of programs which may violate the Fortran
              standard limit of 72 columns for the length  of  a  statement.   According  to  the
              standard,  all characters past column 72 are ignored.  If this setting is used when
              the -f77=long-line option is in effect, a warning will be given for  any  lines  in
              which characters past column 72 are processed.  Turn-on = max = 132.  Default = 72.

              This  setting  does  not  suppress warnings about the presence of characters beyond
              column 72.  To process code with meaningful program text beyond column 72, use this
              setting  and  be  sure  the  -f77  long-line  option  is off.  To process code with
              sequence numbers in columns 73 to 80, leave the the columns setting at the  default
              value and use the -pretty=no-long-line flag.

              See also: -f77, -pretty.

       -common=list
              This setting controls the strictness of checking of COMMON blocks.  By default, all
              warnings except volatile are turned on.

              The list consists of keywords separated by commas or colons.  Since most  of  these
              warnings  are  on  by  default,  include  a  keyword  prefixed by no- to turn off a
              particular warning.  There are three special keywords:  all  to  turn  on  all  the
              warnings, none to turn them all off, and help to print the list of all the keywords
              with a brief explanation of each.  If list is omitted,  -common  is  equivalent  to
              -common=dimensions,exact,length,type,  and -nocommon is equivalent to -common=none.
              The warning keywords with their meanings are as follows:

              dimensions:
                  corresponding arrays in each declaration of a block  must  agree  in  size  and
                  number  of  dimensions.  This option only has an effect when used together with
                  exact.

              exact:
                  the comparison of two blocks is done variable-by-variable  rather  than  simply
                  requiring  agreement  between corresponding storage locations.  Use this if all
                  declarations of a given COMMON block are supposed to be identical, which  is  a
                  good programming practice.

              length:
                  warn if different declarations of the same block are not equal in total length.
                  The Fortran 77 Standard requires each named common block, but not blank common,
                  to be the same length in all modules of the program.

              type:
                  in  each  declaration  of  a given COMMON block, corresponding memory locations
                  (words or bytes) must agree in data type.  If used together  with  exact,  this
                  will require that corresponding variables agree in data type.

              volatile:
                  Assume that COMMON blocks are volatile.

              Many  Fortran  programmers  assume  that variables, whether local or in COMMON, are
              static, i.e. that once assigned a value, they retain that value  permanently  until
              assigned  a  different  value  by  the  program.   However,  in fact the Fortran 77
              Standard does not require  this  to  be  the  case.   Local  variables  may  become
              undefined  between  activations of a module in which they are declared.  Similarly,
              COMMON blocks may become undefined if no module  in  which  they  are  declared  is
              active.   (The technical term for entities with this behavior is ``automatic'', but
              ftnchek uses the word ``volatile'' since it is clearer to the nonspecialist.)  Only
              COMMON blocks declared in a SAVE statement, or declared in the main program or in a
              block data subprogram remain defined as long as the program is running.   Variables
              and COMMON blocks that can become undefined at some point are called volatile.

              If  the  -common=volatile  flag  is  turned on, ftnchek will warn you if it finds a
              volatile COMMON block.  If, at the same time, the -usage=com-block-volatile  option
              is turned on (which is the default), ftnchek will try to check whether such a block
              can lose its defined  status  between  activations  of  the  modules  where  it  is
              declared.   ftnchek  does  not  do a very good job of this: the rule used is to see
              whether the block is declared in two separated subtrees  of  the  call  tree.   For
              instance, this would be the case if two modules, both called from the main program,
              shared a volatile COMMON block.  A block can  also  become  undefined  between  two
              successive  calls  of  the same subprogram, but ftnchek is not smart enough to tell
              whether a subprogram can be called more than once, so this case is not checked for.

              The -common=volatile flag does not affect the way ftnchek checks the usage of local
              variables.

              For  compatibility  with  previous  versions  of  ftnchek,   a numeric form of this
              setting is also accepted: the list is replaced by a number from 0 to 3.  A value of
              0  turns  all  the  warnings off, 1 or greater turns on type, 2 or greater turns on
              length, and 3 turns on dimensions and exact also.  The numeric form cannot turn  on
              the volatile option.

              See also: -library, -usage.

       -crossref=list
              Prints cross-reference tables.  Default = none.

              The  list  consists  of  keywords separated by commas or colons.  The keywords with
              their meanings are as follows:

              calls:
                    table lists each subprogram followed by a list  of  routines  that  call  it.
                    This  listing omits library modules that are not in the call tree of the main
                    program.  The list is alphabetized.

              common:
                    table lists each COMMON block followed by a list of the routines that  access
                    it.   These  listed  routines are those in which some variables in the COMMON
                    block are accessed, not simply those routines that declare  the  block.   (To
                    find  out  what  routines  declare  a COMMON block but do not use it, see the
                    -usage flag.)

              labels:
                    table lists each label followed by a list of all references to it.   A  label
                    reference  is  denoted by the line number and statement type of the referring
                    statement.   The label list is  in  sequential  order.   The  references  are
                    listed in the order they are encountered in the program.

              See also: -calltree, -reference, -sort, -symtab, -vcg.

       -declare
              If  this flag is set, all identifiers whose datatype is not declared in each module
              will be listed.  This flag is useful for helping to find misspelled variable names,
              etc.   The  same  listing  will  be  given  if the module contains an IMPLICIT NONE
              statement.  Default = no.

              See also: -sixchar, -usage.

       -division
              This switch is provided to help users spot potential division by zero problems.  If
              this  switch is selected, every division except by a constant will be flagged.  (It
              is assumed that the user is intelligent enough not to divide by a constant which is
              equal to zero!)  Default = no.

              See also: -portability, -truncation.

       -errors=num
              Set  the  maximum  number  of  error messages in a ``cascade''.  During checking of
              agreement of  subprogram  arguments,  common  block  declarations,  and  so  forth,
              sometimes a single case will generate a long string of warnings.  Often this simply
              indicates some other cause than  a  genuine  item-by-item  mismatch,  such  as  for
              example  a  varible missing from one list.  So in such cases ftnchek stops printing
              the warnings after the cascade limit is reached,  and  the  trailer  ``etc...''  is
              printed  to  indicate  that  there were more errors not printed.  If you think that
              these warnings are likely to be genuine, use this setting  to  see  more  of  them.
              Turn-on = default = 3, max = 999.  A value of 0 means no limit.

              This setting does not set an overall limit on the number of error messages printed,
              only the number printed in any one cascade.   Most  types  of  warnings  and  error
              messages  are  not  subject  to  the cascade effect and so are not affected by this
              setting.  To turn off  warnings  generally,  use  the  individual  warning  control
              options or the -nocheck option.

              See also: -check.

       -extern
              Causes  ftnchek  to report whether any subprograms invoked by the program are never
              defined.  Ordinarily,  if  ftnchek  is  being  run  on  a  complete  program,  each
              subprogram  other  than  the intrinsic functions should be defined somewhere.  Turn
              off this switch if you just want to check a subset of files which form  part  of  a
              larger   complete   program.   Subprogram  arguments  will  still  be  checked  for
              correctness.  Default = yes.

              The -extern flag is now superseded by the  -usage=ext-undefined  option.   For  the
              sake  of convenience, the -extern flag is retained, so that -noextern is equivalent
              to -usage=no-ext-undefined option.  The -extern switch may be retired eventually.

              See also: -library.

       -f77=list
              Use this setting  to  catch  language  extensions  which  violate  the  Fortran  77
              Standard.   Such  extensions  may  cause your program not to be portable.  Examples
              include the use of underscores in variable names; variable names  longer  than  six
              characters;  statement  lines longer than 72 characters; and nonstandard statements
              such as the DO ... ENDDO  structure.   ftnchek  does  not  report  on  the  use  of
              lowercase letters.  By default, all warnings are turned off.

              This setting provides detailed control over the warnings about supported extensions
              to the Fortran 77 Standard.  (Further details about the extensions  themselves  are
              given below in the section on Extensions.)  The list consists of keywords separated
              by commas or colons.  There are three special keywords: all  to  turn  on  all  the
              warnings about nonstandard extensions, none to turn them all off, and help to print
              the list of all the keywords with a brief explanation of each.  If list is omitted,
              -f77 is equivalent to -f77=all, and -nof77 is equivalent to -f77=none.  The warning
              keywords with their meanings are as follows:

              accept-type:
                    ACCEPT and TYPE I/O statements.

              array-bounds:
                    Expressions defining array bounds that contain  array  elements  or  function
                    references.

              assignment-stmt:
                    Assignment  statements  involving  arrays.   In  Fortran  90, an array can be
                    assigned to another array of compatible shape, or a scalar can be assigned to
                    an array.  Neither of these assignments is permitted in Fortran 77.

                    A  related  warning occurs when an array is assigned to a scalar.  Since this
                    is illegal also in Fortran 90, it is always warned about  regardless  of  the
                    -f77 setting (unless all checking is turned off with the -nocheck flag).

              attribute-based-decl:
                    Type declarations in the new Fortran 90 attribute-based style.  This style of
                    declaration is distinguished by the use of a double colon  (::)  between  the
                    list  of  attributes  and  the  list of declared variables.  This option also
                    controls warnings for use of Fortran 90 length or  kind  specifiers  in  type
                    declarations.   (Although these specifiers can be used in non-attribute-based
                    declarations, they are controlled by this option to  avoid  proliferation  of
                    -f77 options.)

              automatic-array:
                    Local (not dummy) arrays which have variable size.  These would correspond to
                    arrays whose storage would have to be dynamically allocated at run time.

              backslash:
                    Unix backslash escape in strings.  This warning will be  given  only  if  the
                    -source=unix-backslash   setting   is   specified   to   cause   the   escape
                    interpretation of backslash..

              byte: BYTE data type declaration.

              case-construct:
                    The SELECT CASE construct.

              character:
                    Extensions to the Fortran 77 standard regarding character data.  At  present,
                    this  only  controls warnings about character variables declared with zero or
                    negative length.  In Fortran 77, all character variables must be of  positive
                    length.   In  Fortran  90,  they  can  be  zero length, and declarations that
                    specify negative lengths are permitted, turning into zero  for  the  declared
                    length.   Note: because negative length specifiers may indicate a programming
                    error, the warning about them is given even if this option is turned off, and
                    is suppressed only by the -nocheck flag.

              common-subprog-name:
                    Common block and subprogram having the same name.

              construct-name:
                    Use of a construct-name to label a control statement.

              continuation:
                    More than 19 successive continuation lines.

              cpp:  Unix C preprocessor directives in the source code.

              cray-pointer:
                    ``Cray pointer'' syntax.

              cycle-exit:
                    The CYCLE and EXIT statements.

              d-comment:
                    Debugging comments starting with D in the source code.

              dec-tab:
                    DEC Fortran style tab-formatted source code.  This warning will be given only
                    if the -source=dec-tab setting is specified to cause interpretation  of  tabs
                    in this style.

              do-enddo:
                    DO loop extensions: terminal statement label omitted, END DO, and WHILE.

              double-complex:
                    Double precision complex datatype.

              format-dollarsign:
                    Dollar sign control code in FORMAT statements.

              format-edit-descr:
                    Nonstandard edit descriptors in FORMAT statements.

              function-noparen:
                    Function definition without parentheses.

              implicit-none:
                    IMPLICIT NONE statement.

              include:
                    INCLUDE statement.

              inline-comment:
                    Inline comments starting with an exclamation point.

              internal-list-io:
                    List-directed I/O to or from an internal file.

              intrinsic:
                    Nonstandard intrinsic functions.

              io-keywords
                    Nonstandard  keywords  used in I/O statements.  These fall into three groups.
                    The first group includes keywords that are accepted in Fortran 90:

                                           ACTION    PAD        READWRITE
                                           ADVANCE   POSITION   SIZE
                                           DELIM     READ       WRITE
                                           EOR
                    The second group comprises the following VMS Fortran keywords:

                                    BLOCKSIZE         EXTENDSIZE       READONLY
                                    BUFFERCOUNT       INITIALSIZE      RECORDSIZE
                                    CARRIAGECONTROL   MAXREC           RECORDTYPE
                                    DEFAULTFILE       NAME (in OPEN)   SHARED
                                    DISP              NOSPANBLOCK      TYPE
                                    DISPOSE           ORGANIZATION
                    (The keyword NAME is standard only in  the  INQUIRE  statement.)   The  third
                    group consists of the following IBM/MVS keyword:

                                                     NUM
                    This  flag  also  controls  a  warning about use of ACCESS='APPEND', which is
                    accepted by some compilers.  The value of 'APPEND' is not valid for  any  I/O
                    specifier  in  standard Fortran 77, and in Fortran 90 'APPEND' should be used
                    as a value of the POSITION specifier, not  ACCESS.

              long-line:
                    Statements with meaningful code past 72 columns.  This warning is given  only
                    if the -columns setting has been used to increase the statement field width.

              long-name:
                    Identifiers over 6 characters long.

              mixed-common:
                    Mixed character and noncharacter data in COMMON block.

              mixed-expr:
                    Nonstandard  type  combinations  in expressions, for example DOUBLE PRECISION
                    with COMPLEX, assigning hollerith to integer, logical operations on integers.

              name-dollarsign:
                    Dollar sign used as a character in identifiers.

              name-underscore:
                    Underscore used as a character in identifiers.

              namelist:
                    NAMELIST statement.

              param-implicit-type:
                    Implicit typing of a parameter by the data type of the value assigned.   This
                    warning can only occur if implicit parameter typing has been turned on by the
                    -source=param-implicit-type option, or if the PARAMETER statement is  of  the
                    nonstandard  form without parentheses.  If this option is turned on, then any
                    instances where implicit parameter typing occurs will be  warned  about.   If
                    you  want  to  be warned only in those instances where the implicit data type
                    differs from the default type, use -portability=param-implicit-type  instead.
                    According  to  the Fortran 77 standard, the data type of a parameter is given
                    by the same rules as for a variable, and if necessary a  type  conversion  is
                    done when the value is assigned.

              param-intrinsic:
                    Intrinsic  function or exponentiation by a real used to define the value of a
                    PARAMETER definition.

              param-noparen:
                    PARAMETER statement without parentheses.  The user should be aware  that  the
                    semantics  of  this  form  of the statement differs from that of the standard
                    form: in this form,  the  parameter  takes  its  data  type  from  the  value
                    assigned,  rather than having its default data type based on the first letter
                    of the parameter name.  (This form of the PARAMETER statement was  introduced
                    by DEC before the Fortran 77 standard was defined, and should be avoided.)

              pointer:
                    Fortran  90  standard  pointer-related  syntax, including POINTER, TARGET and
                    ALLOCATABLE type declarations, ALLOCATE, DEALLOCATE, and NULLIFY  statements,
                    and pointer assignment using =>.

              quad-constant:
                    Quad precision real constants, e.g. of the form 1.23Q4.

              quotemark:
                    Strings delimited by quote marks rather than apostrophes.

              relops:
                    Relational (comparison) operators composed of punctuation, namely: < <= == /=
                    > >=.

              semicolon:
                    Semicolon used as statement separator.

              statement-order:
                    Statements out of  the  sequence  mandated  by  the  Standard.   The  allowed
                    sequence is illustrated in Table 1 in the section on Interpreting the Output.

              typeless-constant:
                    Typeless constants, for example Z'19AF'.

              type-size:
                    Type declarations specifying a size, for example REAL*8.

              variable-format:
                    Variable repeat specification or field size in FORMAT.  These are of the form
                    < expr >.

              vms-io:
                    Obsolete.  Now has the same meaning as the io-keywords keyword.

              See also: -f90, -f95, -portability, -pretty, -style, -wordsize.

       -f90=list
              This setting provides detailed control over the warnings about supported extensions
              to  the  Fortran  77  Standard  that  were  not  adopted  as part of the Fortran 90
              Standard.  Note that ftnchek  does  not  support  the  full  Fortran  90  language.
              However,  it  does support some common extensions to Fortran 77 that were prevalent
              before Fortran 90 was defined.  Some of these extensions became part of the Fortran
              90  Standard,  but  others  did not.  The -f90 setting warns only about the latter.
              That is, this flag covers things that  are  neither  legal  Fortran  77  nor  legal
              Fortran 90.  Therefore, the warnings controlled by this flag are basically a subset
              of the warnings controlled by -f77.  There are a few cases, described below,  where
              the  circumstances in which the warning is given are slightly different for the two
              flags.

              The list consists of keywords separated by  commas  or  colons.   There  are  three
              special  keywords:  all  to  turn on all the warnings about nonstandard extensions,
              none to turn them all off, and help to print the list of all the  keywords  with  a
              brief explanation of each.  If list is omitted, -f90 is equivalent to -f90=all, and
              -nof90 is equivalent to -f90=none.

              The following keywords have identical meanings for -f90 as for -f77.  The reader is
              referred to the explanations under -f77.

                              accept-type   double-complex        param-noparen
                              backslash     format-dollarsign     cray-pointer
                              byte          format-edit-descr     quad-constant
                              cpp           function-noparen      type-size
                              d-comment     name-dollarsign       variable-format
                              dec-tab       param-implicit-type   vms-io

              The  keywords  which  differ  somewhat  from the corresponding -f77 keywords are as
              follows.

              continuation:
                    The limit on the number of continuation lines for a statement in fixed source
                    form is the same, namely 19, in Fortran 90 as in Fortran 77.  For free source
                    form the limit is 39 continuation lines, and a line containing a continuation
                    mark cannot be otherwise empty or contain only a comment.

              intrinsic:
                    This  is  the  same as for -f77 except for the intrinsic functions defined in
                    MIL-STD 1753, which are all included in Fortran 90, and  so  are  not  warned
                    about.  (See -intrinsic for a list.)

              io-keywords:
                    This  is  the  same as for -f77 except that no warnings are given for the I/O
                    keywords that are standard in Fortran 90.

              long-line:
                    Although the Fortran 90 Standard allows lines longer than  72  characters  in
                    free  source  form,  this restriction still applies to fixed source form.  In
                    free source form the line length limit is 132 characters,  and  unlike  fixed
                    form, ftnchek does not allow this limit to be increased.

              mixed-expr:
                    This is the same as for -f77 except for expressions mixing extended precision
                    real with complex data types, which are permitted in Fortran 90.

              statement-order:
                    This is similar to the corresponding -f77 warning, but applies  the  somewhat
                    looser  restrictions  on  statement  order  of  the  Fortran 90 Standard.  In
                    particular,  Fortran  90  allows  DATA  statements   and   statement-function
                    definitions to be intermixed with specification statements.

              typeless-constant:
                    In  Fortran  90, binary, octal, and hexadecimal constants of the form B'ddd',
                    O'ddd', and Z'ddd', respectively, are permitted.   Here  'ddd'  represents  a
                    string  of  digits.   ftnchek recognizes these forms, as well as a variant of
                    the form X'ddd' for a hexadecimal constant, and other variants in  which  the
                    base  indicator  B, O, Z, or X follows the digit string.  These variants were
                    not adopted in Fortran 90, so only they are warned about when  this  flag  is
                    turned on.

              See also: -f77, -f95, -portability, -pretty, -style, -wordsize.

       -f95=list
              This  setting  provides  detailed  control  over warnings about standard Fortran 77
              features that were deleted from the Fortran 95 Standard.  Unlike the -f77 and  -f90
              settings, these warnings apply to syntax which is legal Fortran 77.  However, since
              these features have been deleted from the Standard, it is  possible  that  programs
              containing them will be unacceptable to some newer compilers.

              The  list  consists  of  keywords  separated  by commas or colons.  There are three
              special keywords: all to turn on all the  warnings  about  nonstandard  extensions,
              none  to  turn  them all off, and help to print the list of all the keywords with a
              brief explanation of each.  If list is omitted, -f95 is equivalent to -f95=all, and
              -nof95 is equivalent to -f95=none.  The warning keywords with their meanings are as
              follows.

              real-do:
                    A DO variable of any real numeric type.

              pause:
                    The PAUSE statement.

              assign:
                    The ASSIGN statement, assigned GOTO, or assigned format.

              h-edit:
                    The H edit descriptor in a format.

              There is one other Fortran 77 syntax feature that was deleted in Fortran 95, namely
              branching  to  an  ENDIF  from outside the IF block.  However, ftnchek is unable to
              analyze program flow, and so it does not provide a warning for this.

              See also: -f77, -f90, -portability, -pretty, -style, -wordsize.

       -help
              Prints a list of all the command-line options with  a  short  description  of  each
              along  with  its default value.  This command is identical in function to the ``?''
              argument, and is provided as a convenience for those systems in which the  question
              mark has special meaning to the command interpreter.  Default = no.

              The  help  listing  also prints the version number and patch level of ftnchek and a
              copyright notice.

              Note: the ``default'' values printed in square brackets in the  help  listing  are,
              strictly  speaking,  not  the  built-in  defaults  but the current values after any
              environment options and any command-line options preceding the  -help  option  have
              been processed.

              See  also:  -novice,  -version, and help option of all settings that take a list of
              keywords.

       -identifier-chars=list
              Define non-alphanumeric characters that may be used in  identifiers.   By  default,
              ftnchek  only accepts the dollar sign and underscore as non-alphanumeric characters
              in identifier names.  The characters in the list replace whatever set  of  accepted
              non-alphanumeric  characters  was  previously  in  effect.  Thus, if dollar sign or
              underscore are not included in the list,  they  lose  their  status  as  acceptable
              characters.

              This  option  is  provided to enable ftnchek to handle source files containing non-
              standard identifer names that  may  be  needed,  for  example,  to  access  certain
              operating  system  services.  See the section on Limitations and Extensions for the
              treatment of identifiers containing these characters in implicit typing.

              Using  -noidentifer-chars  turns  off  acceptance  of  non-alphanumeric  characters
              entirely.

              See also: -source.

       -include=path
              Specifies  a  directory  to  be searched for files specified by INCLUDE statements.
              Unlike other command-line options, this setting is cumulative; that is,  if  it  is
              given  more  than  once  on  the command line, all the directories so specified are
              placed on a list that will be searched in the same order as they  are  given.   The
              order  in  which  ftnchek  searches  for  a  file  to  be  included is: the current
              directory; the directory specified by environment variable FTNCHEK_INCLUDE if  any;
              the  directories  specified  by  any  -include  options; the directory specified by
              environment variable INCLUDE; and  finally  in  a  standard  system-wide  directory
              (/usr/include for UNIX, SYS$LIBRARY for VMS, and \include for MSDOS).

              See also: -f77, -source.

       -intrinsic=list
              Controls  whether  ftnchek  recognizes  certain  nonstandard intrinsic functions as
              intrinsic.  The list consists of keywords separated by commas or colons.   Some  of
              the  keywords  control  whether to recognize certain groups of functions, and other
              keywords control the expected syntax  for  invoking  some  nonstandard  intrinsics.
              Include  a keyword to turn on recognition of the corresponding set of intrinsics or
              to allow the corresponding syntax.  Include a keyword prefixed by no- to  turn  off
              that recognition.

              There  are three special keywords: all  turns on recognition of all the nonstandard
              intrinsics (listed below) and accepts either syntax for those that have variations.
              Use  none  to turn off recognition of all nonstandard intrinsics except those noted
              below.  Use help to print the list of all the keywords with a brief explanation  of
              each.   If  list  is  omitted,  -intrinsic  is  equivalent  to  -intrinsic=all, and
              -nointrinsic is equivalent to -intrinsic=none.

              The nonstandard intrinsic functions needed  to  support  the  nonstandard  extended
              precision  data  types  (double  complex and quad precision) are always recognized.
              The intrinsics for the double complex data type are:

                                        CDABS   CDSQRT   DREAL   ZLOG
                                        CDCOS   DCMPLX   IMAG    ZSIN
                                        CDEXP   DCONJG   ZABS    ZSQRT
                                        CDLOG   DIMAG    ZEXP    ZCOS
                                        CDSIN
               The intrinsics for the quad precision and quad complex types are:

                                       CQABS    QARCOS   QEXT     QNINT
                                       CQCOS    QARSIN   QEXTD    QPROD
                                       CQEXP    QATAN    QFLOAT   QREAL
                                       CQLOG    QATAN2   QIMAG    QSIGN
                                       CQSIN    QCMPLX   QINT     QSIN
                                       CQSQRT   QCONJG   QLOG     QSINH
                                       DBLEQ    QCOS     QLOG10   QSQRT
                                       IQINT    QCOSH    QMAX1    QTAN
                                       IQNINT   QDIM     QMIN1    QTANH
                                       QABS     QEXP     QMOD     SNGLQ
               The keywords controlling recognition of other nonstandard intrinsic functions  are
              as follows:

              extra:
                    recognize the following commonly available nonstandard intrinsics (all except
                    EXIT and LOC are defined in MIL-STD 1753):

                                           BTEST   IBCLR   IEOR    ISHFTC
                                           EXIT    IBITS   IOR     LOC
                                           IAND    IBSET   ISHFT   NOT

              unix: recognize these common Unix-specific intrinsic functions:

                                          ABORT    GMTIME   LTIME    SRAND
                                          AND      IARGC    OR       SYSTEM
                                          GETARG   IRAND    RAND     TIME
                                          GETENV   LSHIFT   RSHIFT   XOR

              vms:  recognize these common VMS-specific intrinsic functions:

                                           DATE     IDATE   SECNDS   TIME

                                           ERRSNS   RAN     SIZEOF

              iargc-no-argument:
                    specify that IARGC may be invoked with no arguments.

              iargc-one-argument:
                    specify that IARGC may be invoked with one argument.

              rand-no-argument:
                    specify that RAND and IRAND may be invoked with no arguments.

              rand-one-argument:
                    specify that RAND and IRAND may be invoked with one argument.

              The no-argument and one-argument keywords work as follows: turning  the  option  on
              causes  ftnchek  to accept the corresponding syntax for invocation of the function,
              without excluding the possibility of the alternative syntax.   Turning  the  option
              off causes the corresponding syntax not to be accepted.  If both options are turned
              on at once (the default), then either syntax is accepted.  Turning both options off
              at  once  would  not be meaningful.  These options have no effect if recognition of
              Unix intrinsics has been turned off.

              Note that this setting does not control whether non-standard  warnings  are  issued
              about  these  functions.   It  controls  whether  the  functions  are assumed to be
              intrinsic or not, which determines how their usage is checked.  When  functions  in
              any  of these sets are included, their invocations will be checked according to the
              rules for the intrinsic functions; otherwise they will be checked as normal  (user-
              written)  external  functions.   The  non-standard  warnings  are controlled by the
              -f77=intrinsic option.

              The default value of this setting  is  equivalent  to  -intrinsic=all  followed  by
              -intrinsic=no-vms for the Unix version, -intrinsic=no-unix for the VMS version, and
              -intrinsic=no-unix,no-vms for other versions.

              Note: In versions of ftnchek prior to 2.10, the  -intrinsic  flag  took  a  numeric
              argument  instead of a list of options.  For the sake of users who may have written
              scripts invoking ftnchek in this way, the numeric  form  is  still  accepted.   The
              numeric  form  of the setting consists of three digits.  The ones digit selects the
              set of intrinsic functions to be supported.  The digit 0 selects  only  Fortran  77
              standard intrinsics plus those needed to support the nonstandard extended precision
              data types.  The digit 1 is equivalent to extra, 2 is equivalent to extra,unix, and
              3  is  equivalent to extra,vms.  The tens digit of this setting controls the syntax
              of the RAND intrinsic function, and the hundreds digit controls the syntax  of  the
              IARGC  function.   For  these  digits,  specify  0  to  require  invocation with no
              argument, 1 to require one argument, and 2 to allow either form.

              See also: -f77.

       -library
              This switch is used when a number of subprograms are contained in a file,  but  not
              all  of  them  are  used  by  the  application.  Normally, ftnchek warns you if any
              subprograms are defined but never used.  This switch will suppress these  warnings.
              Default = no.

              This  switch also controls which subprogram calls and COMMON block declarations are
              checked.  If a file is read with the -library flag in effect, the subprogram  calls
              and COMMON declarations contained in a routine in that file will be checked only if
              that routine is in the main program's  call  tree.   On  the  other  hand,  if  the
              -library  switch  is  turned off, then ftnchek checks the calls of every routine by
              every other routine, regardless of whether those routines could  ever  actually  be
              invoked  at  run  time, and likewise all COMMON block declarations are compared for
              agreement.

              The  difference  between  this  switch  and  the  -usage=no-ext-unused  option  for
              subprograms  is  that  the  latter suppresses only the warning about routines being
              declared but not used.  The  -library  switch  goes  further  and  excludes  unused
              routines  processed  while it is in effect from all cross-checking of arguments and
              COMMON block declarations as well.

              (If there is no main program anywhere in the set of files that ftnchek has read, so
              that  there  is  no  call tree, then ftnchek will look for any non-library routines
              that are not called by any other routine, and use these as substitutes for the main
              program  in constructing the call tree and deciding what to check.  If no such top-
              level non-library routines are found, then all inter-module calls  and  all  COMMON
              declarations will be checked.)

              See also: -arguments, -calltree, -common, -extern, -usage.

       -list
              Specifies  that  a  listing  of  the Fortran program is to be printed out with line
              numbers.  If ftnchek detects an error, the error message follows the  program  line
              with  a caret ( ^ ) specifying the location of the error.  If no source listing was
              requested, ftnchek will still print out any line containing an error,  to  aid  the
              user in determining where the error occurred.  Default = no.

              See also: -output, \fB-symtab, fB-quiet.

       -makedcls=list
              Prepare  a  neatly-formatted  file of declarations of variables, common blocks, and
              namelist lists, for possible merging into the source code.   The  declarations  are
              stored  in  a  file  of  the  same  name as the source code, but with the extension
              changed to .dcl.  If no declarations are written to the  file,  it  is  deleted  to
              reduce clutter from empty files.

              If  input comes from standard input, instead of a named file, then declarations are
              written to standard output.

              Variables are declared in alphabetical order  within  each  declaration  class  and
              type,  with  integer  variables first, because of their later possible use in array
              dimensions.

              PARAMETER statements are an exception to the alphabetical order rule,  because  the
              Fortran  77  Standard requires that the expressions defining parameter values refer
              only to constants and already-defined parameter names.  This  forces  the  original
              source file order of such statements to be preserved in the declaration files.

              Explicit  declaration  of  all  variables  is  considered  good  modern programming
              practice.  By using compiler options to  reject  undeclared  variables,  misspelled
              variable  names  (or names extending past column 72) can be caught at compile time.
              Explicit declarations also greatly  facilitate  changing  floating-point  precision
              with  filters  such  as  dtoq(1L),  dtos(1L),  fd2s(1L),  fs2d(1L),  qtod(1L),  and
              stod(1L).  These programs are capable of changing types of explicit  floating-point
              type  declarations,  intrinsic  functions,  and  constants, but because they do not
              carry out rigorous lexical and grammatical analysis of  the  Fortran  source  code,
              they  cannot  provide modified type declarations for undeclared variables.  Default
              setting = 0, turn-on = 1.

              Various options for the form of the declarations file are controlled by  the  list,
              which  consists of keywords separated by commas or colons.  There are three special
              keywords: all to turn on all the options, none to turn them all off,  and  help  to
              print  the  list  of all the keywords with a brief explanation of each.  If list is
              omitted, -makedcls  is  equivalent  to  -makedcls=declarations  (i.e.  produce  the
              declarations  file  using  the  default  options), and -nomakedcls is equivalent to
              -makedcls=none.

              For compatibility with previous versions of ftnchek, a numeric form of this setting
              is also accepted:  the list is replaced by a number which is the sum of the numbers
              in parentheses beside the keywords in the following  list.   The  warning  keywords
              with their meanings are as follows:

              declarations (1):
                    Write  a declaration file.  (This is implied by any of the other options, and
                    can be omitted if any other options are given.)

              undeclared-only (2):
                    By default, all variables are included in the declaration  file.   With  this
                    option,  include  only  undeclared  variables.  This setting is useful if you
                    want to check for undeclared variables, since Fortran source files  with  all
                    variables  properly  declared  will  not  result  in  a .dcl file.  With this
                    option, common blocks  and  namelist  lists  will  not  be  included  in  the
                    declaration file, since by their nature they cannot be undeclared.

              compact (4):
                    The  declarations  are  normally  prettyprinted  to  line up neatly in common
                    columns, as in the declaration files output by the Extended  PFORT  Verifier,
                    pfort(1L).   This option value selects instead compact output, without column
                    alignment.

              use-continuation-lines (8):
                    Causes continuation lines to be used where permissible.  The  default  is  to
                    begin  a  new  declaration  on  each line.  This option is appropriate to use
                    together with compact.

              keywords-lowercase (16):
                    Output Fortran keywords in lowercase, instead of the default uppercase.

              vars-and-consts-lowercase (32):
                    Output  variables  and  constants  in  lowercase,  instead  of  the   default
                    uppercase.   Character string constants are not affected by this option.

              exclude-sftran3 (64):
                    Omit  declarations  of  internal  integer  variables  produced by the SFTRAN3
                    preprocessor, xsf3(1L), as part of  the  translation  of  structured  Fortran
                    statements  to ordinary Fortran.  These variables have six-character names of
                    the form NPRddd, NXdddd, N2dddd, and N3dddd, where  d  is  a  decimal  digit.
                    Because they are invisible in the SFTRAN3 source code, and will change if the
                    SFTRAN3 code is modified, such variables should not be  explicitly  declared.
                    Instead,  they should just assume the default Fortran INTEGER data type based
                    on their initial letter, N.

              asterisk-comment (128):
                    Use an asterisk as the comment character; the default is otherwise 'C'.

              comment-char-lowercase (256):
                    Use 'c' instead of 'C' or '*' as the comment character.

              suppress-array-dimensions (512):
                    Suppress dimensioning of arrays in the generated declarations.   This  option
                    is  for  use  with  code  lacking type declarations, to allow the declaration
                    files to be inserted without change into the code.  Since the code will  have
                    dimension  statements  already,  dimensioning the array variables in the type
                    statements of the declaration file is redundant.  This option should be  used
                    only  in  conjunction  with  option 2 = undeclared-only because otherwise any
                    arrays  that  were  dimensioned  in  a  type  statement   will   lose   their
                    dimensioning.

              free-form (1024):
                    Produce declarations in free source form.  This mode is automatically used if
                    the input source is free form.  Use this option to  produce  declarations  in
                    free  form  even  if  the input is in fixed form.  Free form declarations are
                    indented only 2 columns instead of 6, use the exclamation mark as the comment
                    character,  and indicate continuation lines by an ampersand at the end of the
                    line to be continued.

              The declaration files contain distinctive comments that mark the start and  end  of
              declarations  for  each  program  unit,  to facilitate using text editor macros for
              merging the declarations back into the source code.

              The ftnchek distribution includes a program, dcl2inc, which  processes  declaration
              files  to  produce  files  containing  declarations of all COMMON blocks, in a form
              suitable for use as INCLUDE files.  See the dcl2inc(1L) man page for the details of
              its use.

              See also: -mkhtml.

       -mkhtml=list
              Produce  HTML documentation from source. Creates individual HTML files from ftnchek
              analysis and code comments. All comments immediately preceding  and  following  the
              function or subroutine definition are captured to the HTML file. No reformatting of
              source comments is performed other than stripping of  FORTRAN  comment  characters.
              In  addition,  the  HTML  file  lists  the  local  variables declared, common block
              variables used, functions  and  subroutines  called,  I/O  unit  usage,  and  other
              information  about  each  subprogram.   Usually  you  will  also  want  to  specify
              -call=tree to create the root HTML file CallTree.html.  (Perhaps this  file  should
              be named index.html.)

              Various  options  for  the form of the HTML files are controlled by the list, which
              consists of keywords separated by  commas  or  colons.   There  are  three  special
              keywords:  all  to  turn on all the options, none to turn them all off, and help to
              print the list of all the keywords with a brief explanation of each.   If  list  is
              omitted, -mkhtml is equivalent to -mkhtml=documents (i.e. produce the HTML document
              files using the default options), and -nomkhtmls is equivalent to -mkhtml=none.

              For the sake of simplicity, the options for -mkhtml  are  the  same  as  those  for
              -makedcls  except  for  those  that are inapplicable.  Likewise,  a numeric form of
              this setting can be used, formed as the sum of the numbers in  parentheses  in  the
              list below.  The warning keywords with their meanings are as follows:

              documents (1):
                    Create the HTML documents.  (This is implied by any of the other options, and
                    can be omitted if any other options are given.)

              compact (4):
                    The declarations are normally prettyprinted  to  line  up  neatly  in  common
                    columns.   This  option  value selects instead compact output, without column
                    alignment.

              use-continuation-lines (8):
                    Causes continuation lines to be used instead of beginning a  new  declaration
                    on each line.  This option is appropriate to use together with compact.

              keywords-lowercase (16):
                    Output Fortran keywords in lowercase, instead of the default uppercase.

              vars-and-consts-lowercase (32):
                    Output   variables  and  constants  in  lowercase,  instead  of  the  default
                    uppercase.   Character string constants are not affected by this option.

              exclude-sftran3 (64):
                    Omit declarations of internal  integer  variables  produced  by  the  SFTRAN3
                    preprocessor, xsf3(1L).  (See -makedcls for discussion.)

              suppress-array-dimensions (512):
                    Suppress  dimensioning  of  arrays  in  the  generated declarations.  This is
                    normally undesirable, but is available if for some reason you do not want the
                    array dimensions to appear in the HTML.

              free-form (1024):
                    Produce   variable   declarations   in   free  source  form.   This  mode  is
                    automatically used if the input source is free form.  This mainly affects the
                    form of continuation lines if they are used.

              See also: -calltree, -makedcls.

       -novice
              This  flag  is  intended  to provide more helpful output for beginners.  It has two
              effects:

              (a) provides an extra message to the effect that a function that is  used  but  not
                  defined  anywhere  might  be  an  array  which  the user forgot to declare in a
                  DIMENSION statement (since the syntax of an array reference is the same as that
                  of a function reference).

              (b) modifies  the  form  of the error messages and warnings.  If the flag is turned
                  off by -nonovice, these messages are printed in a style  more  resembling  UNIX
                  lint.

              Default = yes.

       -output=filename
              This  setting  is  provided  for  convenience  on  systems  which do not allow easy
              redirection of output from programs.  When this setting is given, the output  which
              normally  appears  on  the  screen  will  be sent instead to the named file.  Note,
              however, that operational errors of ftnchek itself (e.g. out  of  space  or  cannot
              open  file)  will  still  be sent to the screen.  The extension for the filename is
              optional, and if no extension is given, the extension .lis will be used.

       -pointersize=num
              Specifies the size of a ``Cray pointer'' variable to be num bytes.  Default = turn-
              on = 4 bytes.

              The  pointer  size  is used to inform precision mismatch warnings involving pointer
              variables, for example when a pointer  is  assigned  a  value  from  an  allocation
              routine, or passed as a subprogram parameter.

              See also: -f77, -portability, -truncation, -wordsize.

       -portability=list
              ftnchek  will give warnings for a variety of non-portable usages.  Examples include
              the use of tabs except  in  comments  or  inside  strings,  the  use  of  Hollerith
              constants, and the equivalencing of variables of different data types.  This option
              does not produce warnings for supported extensions  to  the  Fortran  77  Standard,
              which  may  also cause portability problems.  To catch those, use the -f77 setting.
              By default, all warnings are turned off.

              This setting provides detailed control over the warnings about possible portability
              problems.   The list consists of keywords separated by commas or colons.  There are
              three special keywords: all to turn on all the warnings about  nonportable  usages,
              none  to  turn  them all off, and help to print the list of all the keywords with a
              brief explanation of each.  If list  is  omitted,  -portability  is  equivalent  to
              -portability=all,  and  -noportability  is  equivalent  to  -portability=none.  The
              warning keywords with their meanings are as follows:

              backslash:
                    Backslash character in strings.  Since some compilers treat the backslash  as
                    an  escape  character, its presence can cause problems even though it is used
                    in a standard-conforming way.

              common-alignment:
                    COMMON block variables  not  in  descending  order  of  storage  size.   Some
                    compilers require this ordering because of storage alignment requirements.

              hollerith:
                    Hollerith constants (other than within FORMAT specifications).  The Hollerith
                    data type is a feature of Fortran IV that has been deleted in the Fortran  77
                    standard.   It  is  superseded by the character data type.  Storing Hollerith
                    data in variables of a numeric or logical data type  is  nonportable  due  to
                    differing word sizes.

              long-string:
                    String constants, variables, or expressions over 255 chars long.

              mixed-equivalence:
                    Variables of different data types equivalenced.

              mixed-size:
                    Variables  declared with default precision used with variables given explicit
                    precision, in expressions, assignments, or as arguments.  For example,  if  a
                    variable declared as REAL*8 is treated as equivalent to DOUBLE PRECISION.

              real-do:
                    Non-integer DO loop index and bounds.  These can cause a program's results to
                    depend on the hardware characteristics of the particular computer used.

              param-implicit-type:
                    Implicit typing of a parameter by the data type of the value assigned, if  it
                    differs  from  the  default  type.   This  warning can only occur if implicit
                    parameter typing  has  been  turned  on  by  the  -source=param-implicit-type
                    option,  or  if  the  PARAMETER  statement is of the nonstandard form without
                    parentheses.  If this option is turned on, then any instances where  implicit
                    parameter  typing  occurs  and  where the implicit type is different from the
                    default type based on the first letter of the parameter name, will be  warned
                    about.   Implicit  parameter  typing  can  change the semantics of statements
                    where the parameter is used, causing portability problems.

              tab:  Tabs  in  source  code.   Tabs  are  interpreted  differently  by   different
                    compilers.  This warning will be given only once, at the end of the file.

              See also: -f77, -f90, -f95, -pretty, -style, -wordsize.

       -pretty=list
              Controls certain messages related to the appearance of the source code.  These warn
              about things that might make a program less readable or be deceptive to the reader.
              By default, all warnings are turned on.

              This  setting  provides  detailed  control over the warnings about appearance.  The
              list consists of keywords separated by commas or colons.  Since all warnings are on
              by  default,  include  a  keyword prefixed by no- to turn off a particular warning.
              There are three special keywords: all to turn on all the warnings about  misleading
              appearances,  none  to  turn  them  all  off, and help to print the list of all the
              keywords with a brief  explanation  of  each.   If  list  is  omitted,  -pretty  is
              equivalent  to  -pretty=all,  and  -nopretty  is  equivalent  to -pretty=none.  The
              warning keywords with their meanings are as follows:

              alternate-return:
                    A RETURN statement has a constant specifying an alternate return  point  that
                    is  not between 0 and the number of dummy arguments that are labels.  This is
                    legal, and has  the  same  effect  as  a  RETURN  with  no  alternate  return
                    expression,  but  suggests  that  the programmer intended to use an alternate
                    return label that is not provided.

              embedded-space:
                    Space embedded in variable names or in multi-character operators such as **.

              continuation:
                    Continuation mark following a comment line.

              long-line:
                    Lines (except comments) over 72 columns  in  width  (beyond  72  is  normally
                    ignored by compiler).

              missing-space:
                    Lack of space between variable and a preceding keyword.

              multiple-common:
                    COMMON  block  declared  in  multiple statements.  No warning is given if the
                    statements are consecutive except for comment lines.

              multiple-namelist:
                    NAMELIST declared in  multiple  statements.   No  warning  is  given  if  the
                    statements are consecutive except for comment lines.

              parentheses:
                    Parentheses  around  a  variable  by  itself.  As a subprogram argument, this
                    makes the argument an expression, not modifiable by the subprogram.

              Note that in free source form, extra space and missing space are forbidden  by  the
              Fortran  90 Standard, and are not mere style violations.  In this case the warnings
              are replaced by syntax error  messages,  and  can  be  turned  off  only  by  using
              -nocheck.

              See also: -f77, -portability, -style.

       -project=list
              ftnchek  will  create a project file from each source file that is input while this
              option is turned on.  The project file will be given the same  name  as  the  input
              file,  but  with  the  extension  .f  or  .for replaced by .prj.  (If input is from
              standard input, the project file is named ftnchek.prj.)  Default = none.

              The list consists of keywords separated by  commas  or  colons.   There  are  three
              special  keywords:  all  to turn on all the options, none to turn them all off, and
              help to print the list of all the keywords with a brief explanation  of  each.   If
              list  is  omitted,  -project  is  equivalent  to  -project=all,  and  -noproject is
              equivalent to -project=none.  The keywords with their meanings are as follows:

              create:
                    Produce a project file.  The default is not to produce a  project  file.   If
                    this option is not turned on, the other options have no effect.

              trim-calls:
                    Trim  the  amount  of information stored in the project file about subprogram
                    declarations and calls.  This is the default.  Turn this option off  only  in
                    rare  situations.   (See  discussion  below.)   The amount of trimming varies
                    depending on the -library flag.  More information is trimmed if that flag  is
                    turned on.

              trim-common:
                    Trim  the  number  of  common  block declarations stored in the project file.
                    This is the default.  Turn this option off only  in  rare  situations.   (See
                    discussion  below.)  This option has no effect if the -library flag is turned
                    off: when not in library mode, no trimming of common  block  declarations  is
                    done regardless of this option.

              A  project  file contains a summary of information from the source file, for use in
              checking agreement among FUNCTION, SUBROUTINE, and COMMON usages  in  other  files.
              It  allows  incremental checking, which saves time whenever you have a large set of
              files containing shared subroutines, most of which  seldom  change.   You  can  run
              ftnchek  once  on each file with the -project flag set, creating the project files.
              Usually you would also set the -library  and  -noextern  flags  at  this  time,  to
              suppress  messages  relating  to consistency with other files.  Only error messages
              pertaining to each file by itself will be printed at this  time.   Thereafter,  run
              ftnchek without these flags on all the project files together, to check consistency
              among the different files.  All messages internal to the individual files will  now
              be  omitted.   Only  when a file is altered will a new project file need to be made
              for it.

              Naturally, when the -project option is turned on, ftnchek  will  not  read  project
              files as input.

              Ordinarily,  the  trim  options should be left on when you intend to create project
              files for future input to ftnchek.  Since trimming is on  by  default,  this  means
              that  simply  giving  the  command  -project with no option list is the recommended
              mode.  The trim options are provided only as a convenience for those  who  want  to
              make  use  of  project  files  for  purposes  other  than checking the program with
              ftnchek.  To use project files for their intended purpose, the trim options  should
              not be turned off.

              Project files contain only information needed for checking agreement between files.
              This means that a project file is of no use if all modules of the complete  program
              are contained in a single file.

              A more detailed discussion is given in the section on Using Project Files.

       -pure
              Assume  functions  are ``pure'', i.e., they will not have side effects by modifying
              their arguments or variables in a COMMON block.   When  this  flag  is  in  effect,
              ftnchek  will base its determination of set and used status of the actual arguments
              on the assumption that arguments passed to a function are  not  altered.   It  will
              also  issue  a warning if a function is found to modify any of its arguments or any
              COMMON variables.  Default = yes.

              When this flag is turned off, actual arguments passed to functions will be  handled
              the  same  way  as actual arguments passed to subroutines.  This means that ftnchek
              will assume that arguments may be modified by the functions.  No warnings  will  be
              given  if  a  function is found to have side effects.  Because stricter checking is
              possible if functions are assumed to be pure, you should turn this flag off only if
              your program actually uses functions with side effects.

       -quiet
              This  option  reduces  the  amount  of output relating to normal operation, so that
              error messages are more apparent.  This option is provided for the  convenience  of
              users  who  are checking large suites of files.  The eliminated output includes the
              names of project files, and the message reporting that no syntax errors were found.
              It also eliminates some blank lines that are ordinarily included for clarity. (Some
              of this output is turned back on by the -list and -symtab options.)  Default = no.

              Note: the way to remember the difference  between the -quiet  and  -brief  is  that
              -quiet doesn't suppress any warning-related information, whereas -brief does.

              See also: -brief.

       -reference
              Specifies  that a who-calls-who table be printed.  This table lists each subprogram
              followed by a list of  the  routines  it  calls.   This  switch  is  equivalent  to
              -calltree=reference.  Default = no.

              The  reference  list  omits  routines  called  by  unused library modules.  Thus it
              contains the same information as for the call-tree format, namely the hierarchy  of
              subprogram  calls, but printed in a different way.  This prints out a breadth-first
              traversal of  the  call  tree  whereas  -calltree=tree  prints  out  a  depth-first
              traversal.

              See also: -calltree, -crossref, -library, -sort, -symtab, -vcg.

       -resources
              Prints  the  amount  of  resources used by ftnchek in processing the program.  This
              listing may be useful in analyzing the size and complexity of a  program.   It  can
              also  help  in  choosing larger sizes for ftnchek's internal tables if they are too
              small to analyze a particular program.  Default = no.

              In this listing, the term ``chunk size'' is  the  size  of  the  blocks  of  memory
              allocated  to  store  the  item  in question, in units of the size of one item, not
              necessarily in bytes.  When the initially allocated space is filled up, more memory
              is  allocated in chunks of this size.  The following is an explanation of the items
              printed:

              Source lines processed:
                  Total number of lines of code, with separate totals  for  statement  lines  and
                  comment lines.  Comment lines include lines with 'C' or '*' in column 1 as well
                  as blank lines and lines containing only an inline  comment.   Statement  lines
                  are all other lines, including lines that have an inline comment following some
                  code.  Continuation lines are counted as  separate  lines.   Lines  in  include
                  files are counted each time the file is included.

              Total executable statements:
                  Number of statements in the program, other than specification, data, statement-
                  function, FORMAT, ENTRY, and END statements.

              Total number of modules:
                  A module is any external subprogram, including the main  program,  subroutines,
                  functions,  and  block data units.  This count is of modules defined within the
                  source, not modules referenced.   Statement  functions  are  not  included.   A
                  subprogram with multiple entry points is only counted once.

              Total statement labels defined
                  Number  of labels attached to statements (often called statement numbers).  The
                  total label count for the entire program is  given,  as  well  as  the  maximum
                  number in any single subprogram.

              Max identifier name chars:
                  Number  of  characters  used  for storing identifier names.  An identifier is a
                  variable, subprogram, or common block name.  Local names  are  those  of  local
                  variables  in a subprogram, whereas global names refer to subprogram and common
                  block names, as well as dummy argument names and common variable names.  Actual
                  argument  text  (up  to 15 characters for each argument) is also included here.
                  The space used for local names is not recovered at the end of each  module,  so
                  this  number,  like  global  space,  grows until the whole program is analyzed.
                  Unfortunately, this figure  may  include  some  text  stored  more  than  once,
                  although a heuristic is used that will avoid duplicates in many cases.

              Max token text chars:
                  A  token is the smallest syntactic unit of the FORTRAN language above the level
                  of individual characters. For instance a  token  can  be  a  variable  name,  a
                  numerical  constant,  a  quoted text string, or a punctuation character.  Token
                  text is stored while a module  is  being  processed.   For  technical  reasons,
                  single-character  tokens  are  not  included in this total.  Items that are not
                  represented in the symbol table may be duplicated.  The space for token text is
                  recovered  at the end of each module, so this figure represents the maximum for
                  any one module.

              Max local symbols:
                  This is the largest number of entries in the local symbol table for any module.
                  Local  symbol  table entries include all variables and parameters, common block
                  names,  statement  functions,  external  subprograms  and  intrinsic  functions
                  referenced by the module.  Literal constants are not stored in the local symbol
                  table.

              Max global symbols:
                  This is the number of entries  in  the  global  symbol  table  at  the  end  of
                  processing.  Global symbol table entries include external subprogram and common
                  block names.  Intrinsic functions and statement functions are not included.

              Max number of tokenlists:
                  A token list is a sequence of tokens representing the actual or dummy  argument
                  list  of  a subprogram, or the list of variables in a common block or namelist.
                  Therefore this number represents the largest sum of COMMON, CALL, NAMELIST  and
                  ENTRY  statements  and  function  invocations for any one module.  The space is
                  recovered at the end of each module.

              Max token list/tree space:
                  This is the largest number of tokens in all the token lists and token trees  of
                  any  one  module.   A  token  tree is formed when analyzing an expression: each
                  operand is a leaf of the tree, and the operators are the nodes.  Therefore this
                  number  is  a  measure  of the maximum complexity of an individual module.  For
                  instance a module with many  long  arithmetic  expressions  will  have  a  high
                  number.   Note  that unlike token text described above, the number of tokens is
                  independent of the length of the variable names or  literal  constants  in  the
                  expressions.

              Number of subprogram invocations:
                  This  is the sum over all modules of the number of CALL statements and function
                  invocations (except intrinsic functions and statement functions).

              Number of common block decls:
                  This is the sum over all modules of the number of  common  block  declarations.
                  That  is,  each  declaration  of  a  block  in  a  different  module is counted
                  separately.  (The standard allows multiple declarations of a block  within  the
                  same  module;  these  are  counted  as  only  one  declaration  since  they are
                  equivalent to a single long declaration.)

              Number of array dim & param ptrs:
                  This is the sum over all modules of the number of array dimension and parameter
                  definition  text  strings saved for use by the -makedcls option.  The length of
                  the text strings is not counted.  Each dimension of a multidimensional array is
                  counted separately.

              These  numbers  are  obviously not the same when project files are used in place of
              the original source code.  Even the numbers for global entities may  be  different,
              since some redundant information is eliminated in project files.

       -sixchar
              One  of the goals of the ftnchek program is to help users to write portable Fortran
              programs.  One potential source of nonportability is the use of variable names that
              are  longer  than six characters.  Some compilers just ignore the extra characters.
              This behavior could potentially lead to two different variables being considered as
              the  same.  For instance, variables named AVERAGECOST and AVERAGEPRICE are the same
              in the first six characters.  If you wish to catch  such  possible  conflicts,  use
              this flag.  Default = no.

              Use  the  -f77=long-names  if  you  want  to  list  all  variables  longer than six
              characters, not just those pairs that are the same in the first six.

              See also: -f77, -portability.

       -sort
              Specifies that a sorted list of all modules used in the program be  printed.   This
              list  is  in ``prerequisite'' order, i.e. each module is printed only after all the
              modules from which it  is  called  have  been  printed.   This  is  also  called  a
              ``topological  sort'' of the call tree.  Each module is listed only once.  Routines
              that are not in the call tree of the main program are omitted.  If  there  are  any
              cycles  in  the  call graph (illegal in standard Fortran) they will be detected and
              diagnosed.  Default = no.

              See also: -calltree, -crossref, -reference, -symtab, -vcg.

       -source=list
              This setting controls certain options about the form of the  Fortran  source  code.
              The  list  consists  of  keywords  separated  by commas or colons.  There are three
              special keywords: all to turn on all the options, none to turn them  all  off,  and
              help  to  print  the list of all the keywords with a brief explanation of each.  If
              list is omitted, -source is equivalent to -source=all, and -nosource is  equivalent
              to -source=none.

              For compatibility with previous versions of ftnchek, a numeric form of this setting
              is also accepted:  the list is replaced by a number which is the sum of the numbers
              in  parentheses  beside  the  keywords  in the following list.  (The fixed and free
              options do not have numeric values.)  The warning keywords with their meanings  are
              as follows:

              fixed:
                    Interpret  the  source  as  fixed  form  (with  supported  extensions such as
                    exclamation mark for comments).  Statements  must  be  in  columns  7  to  72
                    (unless  the  -cols setting has been used to change this), and blanks are not
                    significant outside character context (but warned  about  under  the  -pretty
                    option).   This  is the default mode unless the source file extension is .f90
                    or .F90.  this option cannot be given together with -source=free.

              free: Interpret the source as free form.  Statements may be anywhere in  columns  1
                    to  132,  comments  can  only  begin with an exclamation mark, and blanks are
                    required in some places such as between identifiers and  keywords.   This  is
                    the  default  mode if the source file extension is .f90 or .F90.  This option
                    cannot be given together with -source=fixed or -source=dec-tab

              dec-tab (1):
                    Accept DEC-style tab-formatted source.  A line beginning with an initial  tab
                    will be treated as a new statement line unless the character after the tab is
                    a nonzero digit, in which case it is treated as  a  continuation  line.   The
                    next  column  after  the  tab  or  continuation mark is taken as column 7.  A
                    warning will be given in the case  where  the  line  is  a  continuation,  if
                    -f77=dec-tab is in effect.

              vms-include (2):
                    Accept  VMS-style  INCLUDE  statements.   These follow the normal syntax, but
                    with the following additional features: (1) the file extension, if not given,
                    defaults  to  the  same as a normal source file extension; and (2) the option
                    /LIST or /NOLIST can be appended to the include-file name, to control listing
                    of its contents.

              unix-backslash (4):
                    Handle  UNIX-style  backslash  escapes  in  character  strings.   The  escape
                    sequence following the backslash will be  evaluated  according  to  the  ANSI
                    standard  for  strings  in C: up to three digits signify an octal value, an x
                    signifies the start of a hexadecimal constant, any of the letters a b f n r t
                    signify  special  control  codes, and any other character (including newline)
                    signifies the character itself.  When this source code option is in effect, a
                    warning will be given if the -f77=backslash setting is specified.

                    The  default  behavior  is  to  treat  the  backslash  like  any other normal
                    character,  but  a  warning  about  portability  will  be  generated  if  the
                    -portability  flag is set.  Because of the fact that some compilers treat the
                    backslash in a  nonstandard  way,  it  is  possible  for  standard-conforming
                    programs to be non-portable if they use the backslash character in strings.

                    Since  ftnchek  does  not  do  much with the interpreted string, it is seldom
                    necessary to use this option.  It  is  needed  in  order  to  avoid  spurious
                    warnings  only  if  (a)  the program being checked uses backslash to embed an
                    apostrophe or quote mark in a string instead of using the standard  mechanism
                    of  doubling  the  delimiter; (b) the backslash is used to escape the end-of-
                    line in order to continue a string across multiple source  lines;  or  (c)  a
                    PARAMETER  definition uses an intrinsic string function such as LEN with such
                    a string  as  argument,  and  that  value  is  later  used  to  define  array
                    dimensions, etc.

              param-implicit-type (8):
                    Implicit  typing of a parameter by the data type of the value assigned.  Some
                    non-standard compilers may allow the data type of the value to  override  the
                    Fortran  77  default type of a parameter that is based on the first letter of
                    the parameter name.  This option only applies to PARAMETER statements of  the
                    standard  form  which  has parentheses.  A parameter that has been explicitly
                    declared in a type statement prior to the PARAMETER statement is not affected
                    by  this  option.  A warning will be given under the -f77=param-implicit-type
                    or -portability=param-implicit-type option.

                    Note that this implicit typing is treated as equivalent to an  explicit  type
                    declaration     for     the     parameter.     Therefore,    if    you    use
                    -makedcls=undeclared-only  to  generate  declarations  only   of   undeclared
                    variables, these parameters will not be included.

              dec-param-standard-type (16):
                    Follow  the  Fortran 77 rule for data typing of DEC Fortran style parameters.
                    These are declared using a nonstandard form of the PARAMETER statement  which
                    lacks parentheses.  According to DEC Fortran, parameters defined by this form
                    of the statement have their data type given by the data  type  of  the  value
                    assigned.   Use  this  option  to  tell  ftnchek  not to follow this rule but
                    instead to use the same rule as  for  standard  PARAMETER  statements.   This
                    option does not apply to PARAMETER statements of the standard form.

              By  default,  all  these  source  code  options  are  turned  off,  except  for the
              vms-include option, which is on by default in the VMS version..

              See also: -f77, -include, -portability.

       -style=list
              Provides  extra-picky  warnings  about  obsolescent  or  old-fashioned  programming
              constructions.   This  option is helpful for efforts to follow a modern programming
              style.  (Most of the things complained about under this option are forbidden in the
              F subset language.)  By default, all warnings are turned off.

              The  list  consists  of  keywords  separated  by commas or colons.  There are three
              special keywords: all to turn on all the options, none to turn them  all  off,  and
              help  to  print  the list of all the keywords with a brief explanation of each.  If
              list is omitted, -style is equivalent to -style=all, and -nostyle is equivalent  to
              -style=none.  The warning keywords with their meanings are as follows:

              block-if:
                    Complain about arithmetic IF statement.  Accept block IF or logical IF (which
                    controls a single statement).

              construct-name:
                    Complain about unnamed block constructs: IF, DO, and SELECT CASE.  Note  that
                    if  a construct name is present on the opening statement of a construct, then
                    it is required to be present on all other component statements (ELSE, END IF,
                    etc.)  of  the  construct.   In  that  case a missing construct name on those
                    statements generates a syntax error regardless of this option.   The  purpose
                    of  this  option  is  to  warn if the construct completely lacks the optional
                    name.

              distinct-do:
                    Complain if two DO loops share a common terminator statement.

              do-construct:
                    Complain if terminator of a DO loop is anything  other  than  an  END  DO  or
                    CONTINUE  statement.   This  is the requirement in order for the loop to meet
                    the Fortran 90 definition of a do-construct.

              do-enddo:
                    Complain if terminator of a  DO  loop  is  anything  other  than  an  END  DO
                    statement.   (This  option  overrides  the  do-construct  option,  being even
                    stricter.)

              end-name:
                    Complain  about  the  absence  of  the  subprogram  name  on  structured  END
                    statements.

              format-stmt:
                    Complain about the presence of FORMAT statements.  Only the FORMAT statements
                    themselves are flagged, not the references to them in I/O lists.

              goto: Complain about the presence  of  unconditional,  computed  or  assigned  GOTO
                    statements.   Also  complain about alternate returns (but not about labels as
                    subprogram arguments).

              labeled-stmt:
                    Complain about the presence of labels  (numbers)  on  statements  other  than
                    FORMAT  statements.  (Since FORMAT statements are arguably convenient and not
                    readily  abused,  complaints  about  them  are  controlled  by  the  separate
                    format-stmt keyword.)

              program-stmt:
                    Complain  about  the  absence  of a PROGRAM statement at the head of the main
                    program.

              structured-end:
                    Complain about the use of a plain END statement to end a  subprogram,  rather
                    than  a  structured END statement (END PROGRAM, END SUBROUTINE, END FUNCTION,
                    or END BLOCK DATA).

              See also: -f77, -f90, -f95, -pretty, -portability.

       -symtab
              A symbol table will be  printed  out  for  each  module,  listing  all  identifiers
              mentioned in the module.  This table gives the name of each variable, its datatype,
              and the number of dimensions for  arrays.   An  asterisk  (*)  indicates  that  the
              variable  has  been  implicitly  typed, rather than being named in an explicit type
              declaration statement.  The table also lists all subprograms invoked by the module,
              all COMMON blocks declared, etc.  Default = no.

              Also,  for  each module, a label table will be printed.  The table lists each label
              defined in the module; the line on which said statement label is defined;  and  the
              statement  type  (executable,  format, or specification).  The labels are listed in
              sequential order.

              Also printed is a table describing the I/O units used by the module, together  with
              information  about  how  they  are used: what operations are performed, whether the
              access is sequential or direct, and whether the I/O is formatted or unformatted.

              See also: -calltree, -crossref, -list, -reference, -sort, -vcg.

       -truncation=list
              Warn about possible truncation (or roundoff) errors.  Most of these are related  to
              integer arithmetic.  By default, all warnings are turned on.

              This  setting provides detailed control over the warnings about possible truncation
              errors.  The list consists of keywords separated by commas or  colons.   Since  all
              warnings  are  on  by  default,  include  a  keyword  prefixed by no- to turn off a
              particular warning.  There are three special keywords:  all  to  turn  on  all  the
              warnings about truncation, none to turn them all off, and help to print the list of
              all the keywords with a brief explanation of each.  If list is omitted, -truncation
              is   equivalent   to   -truncation=all,   and   -notruncation   is   equivalent  to
              -truncation=none.  The warning keywords with their meanings are as follows:

              int-div-exponent:
                    use of the result of integer division as an exponent.  This suggests  that  a
                    real  quotient is intended.  An example would be writing X**(1/3) to evaluate
                    the cube root of X. The correct expression is X**(1./3.).

              int-div-real:
                    Conversion of an expression involving an  integer  division  to  real.   This
                    suggests that a real quotient is intended.

              int-div-zero:
                    division in an integer constant expression that yields a result of zero.

              int-neg-power:
                    exponentiation  of an integer by a negative integer (which yields zero unless
                    the base integer is 1 in magnitude).  This  suggests  that  a  real  base  is
                    intended.

              promotion:
                    automatic  conversion  of  a  lower  precision  quantity  to  one  of  higher
                    precision.  The loss of accuracy  for  real  variables  in  this  process  is
                    comparable  to the corresponding demotion.  No warning is given for promotion
                    of integer quantities to real since this is ordinarily exact.

              real-do-index:
                    use of a non-integer DO index in a loop with integer bounds.  An  integer  DO
                    index with real bounds is always warned about regardless of this setting.

              real-subscript:
                    use of a non-integer array subscript.

              significant-figures:
                    overspecifying  a single precision constant.  This may indicate that a double
                    precision constant was intended.

              size-demotion:
                    automatic conversion of a higher precision quantity to one of lower precision
                    of  the same type.  This warning only occurs when an explicit size is used in
                    declaring the type of one or both operands in an assignment.  For example,  a
                    warning wil be issued where a REAL*8 variable is assigned to a REAL variable,
                    if the default wordsize of 4 is in effect.  A warning is  also  issued  if  a
                    long  integer  is  assigned  to  a  shorter  one,  for example, if an INTEGER
                    expression is assigned to an INTEGER*2 variable.  There is one  exception  to
                    this  last  case,  namely if the right hand side of the assignment is a small
                    literal constant (less than 128).  type-demotion: automatic conversion  of  a
                    higher  precision quantity to one of lower precision of different type.  This
                    warning includes conversion of real quantities to integer,  double  precision
                    to  single  precision  real, and assignment of a longer character string to a
                    shorter one.

              The warnings  about  promotion  and  demotion  also  apply  to  complex  constants,
              considering the precision to be that of the real or imaginary part.  Warnings about
              promotions and demotions are given only when the conversion is done  automatically,
              e.g. in expressions of mixed precision or in an assignment statement.  If intrinsic
              functions such as INT are used to perform the conversion, no warning is given.

              See also: -portability, -wordsize.

       -usage=list
              Warn about unused  or  possible  uninitialized  variables,  unused  common  blocks,
              undefined  or  unused  statement  labels,  and unused or undefined subprograms.  By
              default, all warnings are turned on.

              This setting provides detailed control  over  the  warnings  about  possible  usage
              errors.   The  list  consists of keywords separated by commas or colons.  Since all
              warnings are on by default, include a  keyword  prefixed  by  no-  to  turn  off  a
              particular  warning.   There  are  three  special  keywords: all to turn on all the
              warnings about usage, none to turn them all off, and help to print the list of  all
              the  keywords  with  a  brief  explanation  of each.  If list is omitted, -usage is
              equivalent to  -usage=all,  and  -nousage  is  equivalent  to  -usage=none.   These
              warnings  cover four main categories of objects: subprogram dummy arguments, common
              blocks and variables, subprograms and functions,  and  local  variables.   Warnings
              include  undefined  items,  multiply defined items, unused items, etc.  The warning
              keywords with their meanings are as follows:

              arg-alias:
                    a scalar dummy argument is actually the same as another and is  (or  may  be)
                    modified.   The Fortran 77 standard (section 15.9.3.6) prohibits modifying an
                    argument that is aliased to another.

              arg-array-alias:
                    a dummy argument which is an array or array element is in the same  array  as
                    another  and  is  modified.   This  flag is similar to arg-alias but provides
                    separate control over array arguments.  It is harder to tell if  aliasing  is
                    occurring in the case of arrays, so if ftnchek gives too many false warnings,
                    this flag allows the array-related ones to be turned off without  suppressing
                    the warnings for scalars.

              arg-common-alias:
                    a  scalar  dummy argument is the same as a common variable in the subprogram,
                    and either is modified.  This is also prohibited by the Fortran 77  standard.
                    If  common  checking  is not exact (see the -common setting), it is harder to
                    tell if aliasing is occurring, so the warning is given  if  the  variable  is
                    anywhere in a common block that is declared by the subprogram.

              arg-common-array-alias:
                    a dummy argument which is an array or array element is in the same array as a
                    common variable, and either is modified.  If common checking  is  not  exact,
                    the  variable  can  be  anywhere  in  a  common block that is declared by the
                    subprogram.

              arg-const-modified:
                    a subprogram modifies an argument which is a constant or an expression.  Such
                    an action could cause anomalous behavior of the program.

              arg-unused:
                    a  dummy  argument  is  declared  but  never  used.   This  is similar to the
                    var-unused keyword described below, but applies only to arguments.

              com-block-unused:
                    a common block is declared but none of the variables in it are  used  by  any
                    subprogram.   This  warning is suppressed if the common strictness setting is
                    0.

              com-block-volatile:
                    a common block may lose the definition of its contents if common  blocks  are
                    volatile.   This option only has an effect if the -common=volatile flag is in
                    effect.  See the discussion of the -common setting above.

              com-var-set-unused:
                    a common variable is assigned a value, but its  value  is  not  used  by  any
                    subprogram.   This  warning is suppressed if the common strictness setting is
                    0.

              com-var-uninitialized:
                    a common variable's value  is  used  in  some  subprogram,  but  is  not  set
                    anywhere.   Unfortunately,  ftnchek does not do a thorough enough analysis of
                    the calling sequence to know which routines are  called  before  others.   So
                    warnings  about  this  type  of error will only be given for cases in which a
                    variable is used in some routine but not set in any other routine.   Checking
                    of  individual  COMMON  variables  is  done  only if the -common setting is 3
                    (variable by variable agreement).  This warning is suppressed if  the  common
                    strictness setting is 0.

              com-var-unused:
                    a  common  variable is declared but not used by any subprogram.  This warning
                    is suppressed if the common strictness setting is 0.

              do-index-modified:
                    a variable that is the index of a DO  loop  is  modified  by  some  statement
                    within  the range of the loop.  The Standard permits an active DO variable to
                    be modified only by the incrementation mechanism of the DO statement.

              ext-multiply-defined:
                    an external (a subroutine or function) is defined more than once.  Definition
                    of an external means providing the body of its source code.

              ext-declared-only:
                    a  name  is  declared  in  an  EXTERNAL  statement in some module, but is not
                    defined or used anywhere.

              ext-undefined:
                    an external is used (invoked) but  not  defined  anywhere.   This  option  is
                    equivalent  to  the  -external  flag.  If the subprogram is invoked more than
                    once, those invocations will still be checked for consistency.

              ext-unused:
                    an external is defined (its subprogram body is present) but it is  not  used.
                    A  subprogram  is  considered  unused  even  if  it  is invoked by some other
                    subprogram, if it cannot be called from any thread of execution starting with
                    the  main  program.   The  agreement  of  the subprogram's arguments with its
                    invocations is still checked even if this warning is turned off.  If there is
                    no  main  program,  then this warning is issued only if the subprogram is not
                    invoked anywhere.  This warning is suppressed in library  mode,  but  library
                    mode  has  the  additional effect of suppressing argument checking for unused
                    routines.

              label-undefined:
                    a statement refers to a label that has not been defined.

              label-unused:
                    a statement label is defined, but never referred to.

              var-set-unused:
                    a local variable is assigned a value, but that value is not used.

              var-uninitialized:
                    a local variable's value may  be  used  before  it  is  assigned.   Sometimes
                    ftnchek  makes a mistake in the warnings about local variable usage.  Usually
                    it errs on the side of giving a warning where no problem exists, but in  rare
                    cases  it  may fail to warn where the problem does exist.  See the section on
                    Bugs for examples.  If variables are equivalenced, the rule used  by  ftnchek
                    is  that  a  reference  to  any  variable  implies  the same reference to all
                    variables it is equivalenced to.  For arrays, the rule is that a reference to
                    any array element is treated as a reference to all elements of the array.

              var-unused:
                    a local variable is declared (for instance, in a type declaration) but is not
                    used in the module.  Does not apply to dummy arguments: warnings  about  them
                    are controlled by the keyword arg-unused described above.

              Note: In versions of ftnchek prior to 2.10, the -usage flag took a numeric argument
              instead of a list of options.  For the sake of users who may have  written  scripts
              invoking  ftnchek  in  this  way,  the numeric form is still accepted.  The numeric
              setting is composed of three digits.  The first  digit  (hundreds  place)  controls
              warnings  about  subprograms  (functions  and  subroutines), the second digit (tens
              place) warnings about common blocks and common  variables,,  and  the  third  digit
              (ones  place)  warnings  about  local  variables.   Each  digit  controls  warnings
              according to the convention that a 1 means warn about undefined items and variables
              that are used before set, a 2 means warn about items that are unused, and a 3 means
              warn about both types.  These numbers are now converted to the  appropriate  values
              for the above-listed keywords, except for com-block-volatile, which is not affected
              by the numeric argument.

              See also: -common, -declare, -extern, -library.

       -vcg
              Produce the call graph in the form of a VCG graph description.  This description is
              written  to  a  separate  file,  with the same stem as the file containing the main
              program, and suffix .vcg.  This file is able to be given directly  to  xvcg(1L)  to
              visualize  the  call  graph.   (If input is from the standard input, then the graph
              description  is  sent  to  standard  output.)   This  switch   is   equivalent   to
              -calltree=vcg.  Default = no.

              The  VCG  description as created is more complex than it need be. VCG allows graphs
              and nested subgraphs: each subroutine is created as a subgraph  nested  inside  its
              calling  routines.  This allows you to interactively display subgraphs or summarise
              them.

              The -vcg option  for  ftnchek  was  written  by  Dr.  Philip  Rubini  of  Cranfield
              University, UK.

              xvcg  is  a  graph visualisation tool which runs under the X windows system.  It is
              freely available from  ftp.cs.uni-sb.de.  It  was  written  by  G.  Sander  of  the
              University of Saarland, Germany.

              See also: -calltree, -crossref, -reference, -sort.

       -version
              This option causes ftnchek to print a line giving the version number, release date,
              and patch level of the program.  If no files are given, it then  exits.   If  files
              are  given,  the  effect  of  this  option  is to include the patch level (normally
              omitted) in the version information printed at the start of processing.  Default  =
              no.

              See also: -help.

       -volatile
              Assume that COMMON blocks are volatile.  Default = no.

              This  flag is superseded by -common=volatile, and should no longer be used.  It may
              be eliminated in a future release of ftnchek.

              See also: -common, -usage.

       -wordsize=num
              Specifies the default word size to be num bytes.  This is the size of  logical  and
              single-precision   numeric  variables  that  are  not  given  explicit  precisions.
              (Explicit precisions for non-character variables are an extension to the Fortran 77
              Standard,  and  are given by type declarations such as REAL*8 X.)  Double-precision
              and complex variables will be twice this value, and double complex  variables  four
              times.   Quad-precision constants and intrinsic function results will be four times
              this value.  Note that variables declared as  REAL*16  will  be  regarded  as  quad
              precision only if the word size is 4 bytes.  Default = turn-on = 4 bytes.

              The  word size value does not matter for checking standard-conforming programs that
              do not declare explicit precisions for non-character variables or  store  Hollerith
              data in variables.  This setting also does not affect the default size of character
              variables, which is always 1 byte.  Hollerith constants also are assumed to  occupy
              1 byte per character.

              The  word  size  is  used  to  determine  whether  truncation  occurs in assignment
              statements, and to catch precision mismatches  in  subprogram  argument  lists  and
              common  block  lists.  The exact warnings that are issued will depend on the status
              of other flags.  Under both the -portability=mixed-size and the  -nowordsize  flag,
              any  mixing  of  explicit with default precision objects (character expressions not
              included) is warned about.  This applies to arithmetic expressions containing  both
              types  of objects, and to subprogram arguments and COMMON variables.  Under control
              of  the  -truncation=demotion  and  promotion  options,  a  warning  is  given  for
              assignment  of  an  expression  to  a  shorter  variable  of  the same type, or for
              promotion of  a  lower  precision  value  to  higher  precision  in  an  arithmetic
              expression or an assignment statement.

              Giving  a  word size of 0, or equivalently, using -nowordsize means that no default
              value will be assumed.  This is equivalent to  specifying  -portability=mixed-size.
              Use  it to find cases of mixing default and explicit precision, for example to flag
              places where REAL*8 is treated as equivalent to DOUBLE PRECISION.

              See also: -pointersize, -portability, -truncation.

       -wrap=col
              Controls the wrapping of error messages.  Long error messages that would  run  past
              the specified column will be broken up into separate lines between the words of the
              message for better readability.  If turned off with -nowrap,  each  separate  error
              message  will  be  printed  on  one  line, leaving it up to the display to wrap the
              message or truncate it.  Default = turn-on = 79.

CHANGING THE DEFAULTS

       ftnchek includes two mechanisms for  changing  the  default  values  of  all  options:  by
       defining environment variables or by creating a preferences file.  When ftnchek starts up,
       it looks in its environment for any variables whose names are composed  by  prefixing  the
       string  FTNCHEK_  onto  the  uppercased version of the option name.  If such a variable is
       found, its value is used to specify the default for the corresponding switch  or  setting.
       In  the  case  of  settings (for example, the -common strictness setting) the value of the
       environment variable is read as the default setting value.  In the case of  switches,  the
       default  switch will be taken as true or yes unless the environment variable has the value
       0 or NO.

       Note that the environment variable name must be constructed with  the  full-length  option
       name,  which must be in uppercase.  For example, to make ftnchek print a source listing by
       default, set the environment variable FTNCHEK_LIST to 1 or YES or anything other than 0 or
       NO.   The  names FTNCHEK_LIS (not the full option name) or ftnchek_list (lower case) would
       not be recognized.

       Here are some examples of how to  set  environment  variables  on  various  systems.   For
       simplicity, all the examples set the default -list switch to YES.

       1. UNIX, Bourne shell:        $ FTNCHEK_LIST=YES
                                     $ export FTNCHEK_LIST

       2. UNIX, C shell:             % setenv FTNCHEK_LIST YES

       3. VAX/VMS:                   $ DEFINE FTNCHEK_LIST YES

       4. MSDOS:                     $ SET FTNCHEK_LIST=YES

       After  processing  any  environment  variables,  ftnchek  looks  for  a  preferences  file
       containing options and settings.  It will search in the following order,  using  only  the
       first  file found: (1) .ftnchekrc in the current directory, (2) ftnchek.ini in the current
       directory, (3) .ftnchekrc in the user's  home  directory,  (4)  ftnchek.ini  in  the  home
       directory.   If  such  a  file is found, the options defined in it are used as defaults in
       place of the built-in defaults and overriding any defaults set in the environment..

       Each option or setting in the preferences file must be on a separate line.  They are given
       in the same form as on the command line, except without the initial dash.  The preferences
       file can contain blank lines and comments.  Comments are introduced at any point in a line
       by a space character (blank or tab) or the '#' character, and are terminated by the end of
       the line.

       Command-line options override the defaults set in the environment or  in  the  preferences
       file, in  the same way as they override the built-in defaults.

USING PROJECT FILES

       This  section  contains detailed information on how to use project files most effectively,
       and how to avoid some pitfalls.

       One can divide the checks ftnchek does into  two  categories,  local  and  global.   Local
       checking  is  restricted to within a single routine, and catches things like uninitialized
       variables, unintended loss of precision in arithmetic  expressions,  etc.   This  sort  of
       checking  can  be done on each subprogram independently.  Furthermore, local checking of a
       subprogram does not need to be repeated when some other  subprogram  is  changed.   Global
       checking  catches  things  like  calling  a  subroutine  with the wrong argument types, or
       disagreeing in common block declarations.   It  requires  looking  at  the  whole  set  of
       subprograms interacting with each other.

       The  purpose  of project files is to allow the local checking and global checking steps to
       be separated.  Assuming that each subprogram is in  its  own  source  file,  you  can  run
       ftnchek  once  on  each  one to do local checking while suppressing global checking.  Then
       ftnchek can be run once on all the project files together to do the global checking.   The
       sample  makefile  below  shows how to automate this task.  The ``.f.prj'' target updates a
       project file for a particular file any time the  source  file  changes.   The  information
       needed  for  global  checking is saved in the project file.  The ``check'' target does the
       combined global checking.  Typically ``make check'' would repeat the ``ftnchek  -project''
       step  only  on  changed  source  files, then do the global check.  This is obviously a big
       advantage for large programs, when many subprograms seldom if ever change.

       It is best when using project files to place each subprogram in a  separate  source  file.
       If  each  source file may contain more than one subprogram,  it complicates the definition
       of ``local'' and ``global'' checking because there is some inter-module checking  that  is
       contained  within a file.  ftnchek tries to do the right thing in this case, but there are
       some complications (described below) due to the trade-off between avoiding re-doing cross-
       checks and preserving information about the program's structure.

       Ordinarily,  to  do  the least amount of re-checking, project files should be created with
       the -library flag in effect and trimming turned on.  In this mode, the  information  saved
       in  the  project  file consists of all subprogram declarations, all subprogram invocations
       not resolved by declarations in the same file, and  one  instance  of  each  COMMON  block
       declaration.   This is the minimum amount of information needed to check agreement between
       files.

       If the source file contains more than one routine, there are some possible  problems  that
       can  arise  from  creating the project file in library mode, because the calling hierarchy
       among routines defined within the file is lost.  Also, if the routines in  the  file  make
       use  of  COMMON  blocks  that  are  shared with routines in other files, there will not be
       enough information saved for the correct checking of set and used status of COMMON  blocks
       and  COMMON  variables  according  to  the  -usage  setting.  Therefore if you plan to use
       project files when -usage checking is turned on (which is the default situation),  and  if
       multiple  routines  in  one project file share COMMON blocks with routines in other files,
       the project files should be created with the -library flag  turned  off.   In  this  mode,
       ftnchek  saves, besides the information listed above, one invocation of each subprogram by
       any other subprogram in the same file, and all COMMON block declarations.  This means that
       the  project  file will be larger than necessary, and that when it is read in, ftnchek may
       repeat some inter-module checks that it already did when the project file was created.  If
       each  project  file  contains only one module, there is no loss of information in creating
       the project files in library mode.

       Because of the possible loss of information entailed by creating a project file  with  the
       -library  flag  in effect, whenever that project file is read in later, it will be treated
       as a library file regardless of the current setting of the -library flag.   On  the  other
       hand,  a  project file created with library mode turned off can be read in later in either
       mode.

       The foregoing discussion assumes that the trimming options of  the  -project  setting  are
       turned  on  when  the project file is created.  This is the normal situation.  The no-trim
       options of the -project setting are provided in case one wants to use  the  project  files
       for  purposes other than checking the program with ftnchek.  For instance, one could write
       a Perl script to analyze the  project  files  for  information  about  how  the  different
       subprograms are called.  You should not use the no-trim options to deal with the issues of
       information loss discussed above, since they cause more information than necessary  to  be
       stored.  This makes the project files bigger and causes ftnchek to do more work later when
       it reads them to check your complete program.  Ordinarily, you  should  use  the  -library
       option  to control how much information to store for later use by ftnchek in checking your
       program.

       Here is an example of how to use the UNIX make  utility  to  automatically  create  a  new
       project  file  each time the corresponding source file is altered, and to check the set of
       files for consistency.  Add these lines to your makefile.   The  example  assumes  that  a
       macro  OBJS  has  been  defined  which  lists  all  the names of object files to be linked
       together to form the complete executable program.  (In this makefile, the  indented  lines
       should  each begin with a tab, not blanks.)  If any source file contains multiple routines
       that share common blocks among themselves, then the no-com-\*  option  should  be  removed
       from NOGLOBAL, and/or drop the -library flag.
           # tell make what a project file suffix is
           .SUFFIXES: .prj

           # these options suppress global checks.
           NOGLOBAL=-usage=no-ext-undefined,no-com-\*

           # tell make how to create a .prj file from a .f file
           .f.prj:
                   ftnchek -project $(NOGLOBAL) -library $<

           # set up macro PRJS containing project filenames
           PRJS= $(OBJS:.o=.prj)

           # "make check" will check everything that has been changed.
           check: $(PRJS)
                   ftnchek $(PRJS)

       When  a  program uses many routines defined in a large number of different source files in
       different directories, it can be cumbersome to specify all  the  different  project  files
       needed  to  check  the  program properly.  To deal with such cases, ftnchek allows project
       files to be concatenated into a single large file.  This single file can then be given  to
       ftnchek  to  provide  the  information  for checking the use of any or all of the routines
       defined in the combined project files.  When using such a ``library''  project  file,  you
       may  want  ftnchek's  error  reports  to document precisely the name of the file where the
       specific function is defined.  If the various source files are in several directories,  an
       error report that gives only the file name may be ambiguous, and rather should include the
       path to the file.  The solution is to create each  of  the  individual  project  files  by
       giving  the  complete path to the source file.  Then this complete path will appear in the
       error reports.  For example, suppose that all of the library subprogram source  files  are
       in subdirectories of a directory named /util/lib.  Then the individual project files could
       first be created by a command such as
       find /util/lib -name '*.f' -exec ftnchek -project '{}' ';'
       (Possibly other options would be provided to ftnchek as discussed above.  Also, this  step
       could be handled instead by a revised makefile rule that would provide the complete source
       file path instead of just the local name when invoking ftnchek.)  Next, concatenate all of
       these project files manually.
       find /util/lib -name '*.prj' -exec cat '{}' ';' > ourlib.prj
       Then a program source file can be checked by using the command
       ftnchek prog.f ... -lib ourlib.prj
       and  an  error  message  related  to any library routine will include the full path to the
       routine's source file.

       At present, there is no archive utility like ar to manage the contents of  a  concatenated
       project  file  like  the one in the illustration above.  If changes are made to one of the
       library routines, the only way to update the combined project file is to  concatenate  all
       the  individual  project  files  once again.  Such a utility would be quite easy to write.
       Someone should do so and contribute it to the ftnchek effort.

AN EXAMPLE

       The following simple Fortran program illustrates  the  messages  given  by  ftnchek.   The
       program is intended to accept an array of test scores and then compute the average for the
       series.

       C       AUTHORS: MIKE MYERS AND LUCIA SPAGNUOLO
       C       DATE:    MAY 8, 1989

       C       Variables:
       C               SCORE -> an array of test scores
       C               SUM ->   sum of the test scores
       C               COUNT -> counter of scores read in
       C               I ->     loop counter

               REAL FUNCTION COMPAV(SCORE,COUNT)
                   INTEGER SUM,COUNT,J,SCORE(5)

                   DO 30 I = 1,COUNT
                       SUM = SUM + SCORE(I)
       30          CONTINUE
                   COMPAV = SUM/COUNT
               END

               PROGRAM AVENUM
       C
       C                       MAIN PROGRAM
       C
       C       AUTHOR:   LOIS BIGBIE
       C       DATE:     MAY 15, 1990
       C
       C       Variables:
       C               MAXNOS -> maximum number of input values
       C               NUMS    -> an array of numbers
       C               COUNT   -> exact number of input values
       C               AVG     -> average returned by COMPAV
       C               I       -> loop counter
       C

                   PARAMETER(MAXNOS=5)
                   INTEGER I, COUNT
                   REAL NUMS(MAXNOS), AVG
                   COUNT = 0
                   DO 80 I = 1,MAXNOS
                       READ (5,*,END=100) NUMS(I)
                       COUNT = COUNT + 1
       80          CONTINUE
       100         AVG = COMPAV(NUMS, COUNT)
               END

       The compiler gives no error messages when this program is  compiled.   Yet  here  is  what
       happens when it is run:

       $ run average
       70
       90
       85
       <EOF>
       $

       What  happened?   Why  didn't  the  program do anything?  The following is the output from
       ftnchek when it is used to debug the above program:

       $ ftnchek -list -symtab average

       FTNCHEK Version 3.3 November 2004

       File average.f:

             1 C       AUTHORS: MIKE MYERS AND LUCIA SPAGNUOLO
             2 C       DATE:    MAY 8, 1989
             3
             4 C       Variables:
             5 C               SCORE -> an array of test scores
             6 C               SUM ->   sum of the test scores
             7 C               COUNT -> counter of scores read in
             8 C               I ->     loop counter
             9
            10         REAL FUNCTION COMPAV(SCORE,COUNT)
            11             INTEGER SUM,COUNT,J,SCORE(5)
            12
            13             DO 30 I = 1,COUNT
            14                 SUM = SUM + SCORE(I)
            15 30          CONTINUE
            16             COMPAV = SUM/COUNT
                                  ^
       Warning near line 16 col 20: integer quotient expr SUM/COUNT  converted to
        real
            17         END

       Module COMPAV: func: real

       Variables:

             Name Type Dims     Name Type Dims     Name Type Dims     Name Type Dims
           COMPAV real         COUNT intg             I intg*            J intg
            SCORE intg  1        SUM intg

       * Variable not declared. Type has been implicitly defined.

       Warning in module COMPAV: Variables declared but never referenced:
           J declared at line 11

       Warning in module COMPAV: Variables may be used before set:
           SUM used at line 14
           SUM set at line 14

       Statement labels defined:

           Label   Line  StmtType
            <30>     15      exec

            18
            19
            20         PROGRAM AVENUM
            21 C
            22 C                       MAIN PROGRAM
            23 C
            24 C       AUTHOR:   LOIS BIGBIE
            25 C       DATE:     MAY 15, 1990
            26 C
            27 C       Variables:
            28 C               MAXNOS -> maximum number of input values
            29 C               NUMS    -> an array of numbers
            30 C               COUNT   -> exact number of input values
            31 C               AVG     -> average returned by COMPAV
            32 C               I       -> loop counter
            33 C
            34
            35             PARAMETER(MAXNOS=5)
            36             INTEGER I, COUNT
            37             REAL NUMS(MAXNOS), AVG
            38             COUNT = 0
            39             DO 80 I = 1,MAXNOS
            40                 READ (5,*,END=100) NUMS(I)
            41                 COUNT = COUNT + 1
            42 80          CONTINUE
            43 100         AVG = COMPAV(NUMS, COUNT)
            44         END

       Module AVENUM: prog

       External subprograms referenced:

           COMPAV: real*

       Variables:

             Name Type Dims     Name Type Dims     Name Type Dims     Name Type Dims
              AVG real         COUNT intg             I intg        MAXNOS intg*
             NUMS real  1

       * Variable not declared. Type has been implicitly defined.

       Warning in module AVENUM: Variables set but never used:
           AVG set at line 43

       I/O Operations:

            Unit ID Unit No. Access Form Operation   Line
                    5          SEQ  FMTD READ         40

       Statement labels defined:

           Label   Line  StmtType    Label   Line  StmtType
            <80>     42      exec    <100>     43      exec

        0 syntax errors detected in file average.f
        6 warnings issued in file average.f

       Warning: Subprogram COMPAV argument data type mismatch at position 1:
           Dummy arg SCORE in module COMPAV line 10 file average.f is type intg
           Actual arg NUMS in module AVENUM line 43 file average.f is type real

       According to ftnchek, the program contains variables which may be  used  before  they  are
       assigned  an  initial  value,  and variables which are not needed.  ftnchek also warns the
       user that an integer quotient has been converted to a real. This may assist  the  user  in
       catching  an  unintended roundoff error.  Since the -symtab flag was given, ftnchek prints
       out a table containing identifiers from the local module and their corresponding  datatype
       and  number  of  dimensions.   Finally, ftnchek warns that the function COMPAV is not used
       with the proper type of arguments.

       With ftnchek's help, we can debug the program.  We can see that there were  the  following
       errors:

       1.  SUM and COUNT should have been converted to real before doing the division.

       2.  SUM should have been initialized to 0 before entering the loop.

       3.  AVG was never printed out after being calculated.

       4.  NUMS should have been declared INTEGER instead of REAL.

       We  also  see  that  I, not J, should have been declared INTEGER in function COMPAV. Also,
       MAXNOS was not declared as INTEGER, nor COMPAV as REAL, in program AVENUM.  These are  not
       errors,  but  they  may  indicate carelessness.  As it happened, the default type of these
       variables coincided with the intended type.

       Here is the corrected program, and its output when run:

       C       AUTHORS: MIKE MYERS AND LUCIA SPAGNUOLO
       C       DATE:    MAY 8, 1989
       C
       C       Variables:
       C               SCORE -> an array of test scores
       C               SUM ->   sum of the test scores
       C               COUNT -> counter of scores read in
       C               I ->     loop counter
       C
              REAL FUNCTION COMPAV(SCORE,COUNT)
                   INTEGER SUM,COUNT,I,SCORE(5)
       C
                   SUM = 0
                   DO 30 I = 1,COUNT
                       SUM = SUM + SCORE(I)
       30          CONTINUE
                   COMPAV = FLOAT(SUM)/FLOAT(COUNT)
               END
       C
       C
               PROGRAM AVENUM
       C
       C                       MAIN PROGRAM
       C
       C       AUTHOR:   LOIS BIGBIE
       C       DATE:     MAY 15, 1990
       C
       C       Variables:
       C               MAXNOS -> maximum number of input values
       C               NUMS    -> an array of numbers
       C               COUNT   -> exact number of input values
       C               AVG     -> average returned by COMPAV
       C               I       -> loop counter
       C
       C
                   INTEGER MAXNOS
                   PARAMETER(MAXNOS=5)
                   INTEGER I, NUMS(MAXNOS), COUNT
                   REAL AVG,COMPAV
                   COUNT = 0
                   DO 80 I = 1,MAXNOS
                       READ (5,*,END=100) NUMS(I)
                       COUNT = COUNT + 1
       80          CONTINUE
       100         AVG = COMPAV(NUMS, COUNT)
                   WRITE(6,*) 'AVERAGE =',AVG
               END
       $ run average
       70
       90
       85
       <EOF>
       AVERAGE =   81.66666
       $

       With ftnchek's help, our program is a success!

INTERPRETING THE OUTPUT

       The messages given by ftnchek include  not  only  syntax  errors  but  also  warnings  and
       informational messages about things that are legal Fortran but that may indicate errors or
       carelessness.  Most of these messages can be turned off by  command-line  options.   Which
       option  controls  each  message depends on the nature of the condition being warned about.
       See the descriptions of the command-line flags in the previous sections, and of individual
       messages  below.   Each message is prefixed with a word or phrase indicating the nature of
       the condition and its severity.

       ``Error'' means a syntax error.  The simplest kind  of  syntax  errors  are  typographical
       errors,  for  example  unbalanced  parentheses  or misspelling of a keyword.  This type of
       error is caught by the parser and appears with the description ``parse error'' or ``syntax
       error''  (depending on  the version of the parser generator and whether it is GNU bison or
       UNIX yacc).  This type of error message cannot be suppressed.  Be aware that this type  of
       error  often means that ftnchek has not properly interpreted the statement where the error
       occurs, so that its subsequent  checking  operations  will  be  compromised.   You  should
       eliminate  all  syntax  errors  before  proceeding to interpret the other messages ftnchek
       gives.

       ``Warning: Nonstandard syntax'' indicates an extension to Fortran  that  ftnchek  supports
       but that is not according to the Fortran 77 Standard.  The extensions that ftnchek accepts
       are described in the section on Extensions  below.   One  example  is  the  DO  ...  ENDDO
       construction.   If  a  program  uses these extensions, warnings will be given according to
       specifications under the -f77 setting.  The default behavior is to give no warnings.

       ``Warning'' in other cases means a condition that is suspicious but that may or may not be
       a  programming error.  Frequently these conditions are legal under the standard.  Some are
       illegal but do not fall under the heading of syntax errors.  Usage errors are one example.
       These  refer  to the possibility that a variable may be used before it has been assigned a
       value (generally an error), or that a variable is declared but never  used  (harmless  but
       may  indicate carelessness).  The amount of checking for usage errors is controlled by the
       -usage flag, which specifies the maximum amount of checking by default.

       Truncation warnings cover situations in which accuracy may be  lost  unintentionally,  for
       example  when a double precision value is assigned to a real variable.  These warnings are
       controlled by the -truncation setting, which is on by default.

       ``Nonportable usage'' warns about some feature that may not be accepted by some  compilers
       even  though  it is not contrary to the Fortran 77 Standard, or that may cause the program
       to perform differently on  different  platforms.   For  example,  equivalencing  real  and
       integer  variables  is  usually  a  non-portable  practice.   The use of extensions to the
       standard language is, of course, another source of non-portability, but this is handled as
       a  separate  case.  To check a program for true portability, both the -portability and the
       -f77 flags should be used.  They are both turned off by default.  The -wordsize setting is
       provided  to  check  only  those  nonportable  usages  that depend on a particular machine
       wordsize.

       ``Possibly misleading appearance'' is used for legal constructions that may not mean  what
       they  appear to mean at first glance.  For example, Fortran is insensitive to blank space,
       so extraneous space within variable names or the lack of space between  a  keyword  and  a
       variable  can convey the wrong impression to the reader.  These messages can be suppressed
       by turning off the -pretty flag, which is on by default.

       Other messages that are given after all the files are processed, and  having  to  do  with
       agreement  between  modules,  do not use the word ``warning'' but generally fall into that
       category.  Examples include type mismatches between corresponding variables  in  different
       COMMON  block  declarations, or between dummy and actual arguments of a subprogram.  These
       warnings are controlled by the -common and -arguments settings respectively.   By  default
       both are set for maximum strictness of checking.

       Another  group  of  warnings about conditions that are often harmless refer to cases where
       the array properties of a variable passed as a subprogram argument differ between the  two
       routines.   For  instance, an array element might be passed to a subroutine that expects a
       whole array.  This is a commonly-used technique for processing single rows or  columns  of
       two-dimensional  arrays.  However, it could also indicate a programming error.  The -array
       setting allows the user to adjust the degree of strictness to be  used  in  checking  this
       kind  of agreement between actual and dummy array arguments.  By default the strictness is
       maximum.

       ``Oops'' indicates a technical problem, meaning either  a  bug  in  ftnchek  or  that  its
       resources have been exceeded.

       The syntax error messages and warnings include the filename along with the line number and
       column number.  ftnchek has two different  options  for  the  appearance  of  these  error
       messages.   If  -novice  is  in  effect, which is the default, the messages are in a style
       approximating normal English.  (In default style, the filename is not printed in  messages
       within  the body of the program if -list is in effect.)  The other style of error messages
       is selected by the -nonovice option.  In this style, the appearance  of  the  messages  is
       similar to that of the UNIX lint program.

       ftnchek  is  still  blind to some kinds of syntax errors.  The two most important ones are
       detailed checking of FORMAT  statements,  and  almost  anything  to  do  with  control  of
       execution  flow by means of IF, DO, and GOTO statements: namely correct nesting of control
       structures, matching of opening statements such as IF ...  THEN  with  closing  statements
       such  as  ENDIF,  and  the  proper use of statement labels (numbers).  Most compilers will
       catch these errors.  See the section on Limitations for a more detailed discussion.

       If ftnchek gives you a syntax error message when the compiler does not, it may be  because
       your  program  contains an extension to standard Fortran which is accepted by the compiler
       but not by ftnchek.  (See the section on Extensions.)  On a VAX/VMS system,  you  can  use
       the  compiler  option /STANDARD to cause the compiler to accept only standard Fortran.  On
       most UNIX or UNIX-like systems, this can be accomplished by setting the flag -ansi.

       Many of the messages  given  by  ftnchek  are  self-explanatory.   Those  that  need  some
       additional explanation are listed below in alphabetical order.

       Common block NAME: data type mismatch at position n
              The  n-th  variable  in  the  COMMON  block  differs  in data type in two different
              declarations of the COMMON block.  By default (-common strictness level 3), ftnchek
              is  very picky about COMMON blocks: the variables listed in them must match exactly
              by data type and array dimensions.  That is, the  legal  pair  of  declarations  in
              different modules:
                   COMMON /COM1/ A,B
              and
                   COMMON /COM1/ A(2)
              will  cause ftnchek to give warnings at strictness level 3.  These two declarations
              are legal in Fortran since they both declare two  real  variables.   At  strictness
              level  1  or 2, no warning would be given in this example, but the warning would be
              given if there were a data type mismatch, for instance, if B were declared INTEGER.
              Controlled by -common setting.

       Common block NAME has long data type following short data type
              Some compilers require alignment of multi-byte items so that each item begins at an
              address that is a multiple of the  item  size.   Thus  if  a  short  (e.g.  single-
              precision  real) item is followed by a long (e.g.  double precision real) item, the
              latter may not be aligned correctly.  Controlled  by  -portability=common-alignment
              option.

       Common block NAME has mixed character and non-character variables
              The  ANSI  standard  requires  that  if  any  variable in a COMMON block is of type
              CHARACTER, then all other variables in the same COMMON block must also be  of  type
              CHARACTER.  Controlled by -f77=mixed-common option.

       Common block NAME: varying length
              For  -common setting level 2, this message means that a COMMON block is declared to
              have different numbers of words in two different subprograms.  A word is the amount
              of  storage occupied by one integer or real variable.  For -common setting level 3,
              it means that the two declarations have different numbers of  variables,  where  an
              array  of  any  size is considered one variable.  This is not necessarily an error,
              but it may indicate that a variable is missing from one of the  lists.   Note  that
              according  to  the Fortran 77 Standard, it is an error for named COMMON blocks (but
              not blank COMMON) to differ  in  number  of  words  in  declarations  in  different
              modules.  Given for -common setting 2 or 3.

       Error: Badly formed logical/relational operator or constant

       Error: Badly formed real constant
              The  syntax analyzer has found the start of one of the special words that begin and
              end with a period (e.g. .EQ.), or the start of a  numeric  constant,  but  did  not
              succeed in finding a complete item of that kind.

       Error: cannot be adjustable size in module NAME
              A  character  variable  cannot  be  declared  with  a  size  that is an asterisk in
              parentheses unless it is a dummy argument, a parameter, or the name of the function
              defined in the module.

       Error: cannot be declared in SAVE statement in module NAME
              Only local variables and common blocks can be declared in a SAVE statement.

       Error: No path to this statement
              ftnchek  will  detect statements which are ignored or by-passed because there is no
              foreseeable route to the  statement.   For  example,  an  unnumbered  statement  (a
              statement without a statement label), occurring immediately after a GOTO statement,
              cannot possibly be executed.

       Error: Parse error
              This means that the parser, which analyzes the Fortran  program  into  expressions,
              statements,  etc.,  has been unable to find a valid interpretation for some portion
              of a statement in the program.  If your compiler does not report a syntax error  at
              the  same  place, the most common explanations are: (1) use of an extension to ANSI
              standard Fortran that is not recognized by ftnchek, or (2) the  statement  requires
              more lookahead than ftnchek uses (see section on Bugs).

              NOTE:   This  message  means  that  the  affected  statement  is  not  interpreted.
              Therefore, it is possible that ftnchek's subsequent processing will be in error, if
              it depends on any matters affected by this statement (type declarations, etc.).

       Error: Syntax error
              This  is  the  same as ``Error: Parse error'' (see above).  It is generated if your
              version of ftnchek was built using the UNIX yacc parser generator rather  than  GNU
              bison.

       Identifiers which are not unique in first six chars
              Warns  that two identifiers which are longer than 6 characters do not differ in the
              first 6 characters.  This is for portability: they may not be  considered  distinct
              by some compilers.  Controlled by -sixchar option.

       Nonportable usage: argument precision may not be correct for intrinsic function
              The  precision  of  an argument passed to an intrinsic function may be incorrect on
              some computers.  Issued when a numeric variable declared  with  explicit  precision
              (e.g.   REAL*8  X)  is  passed  to  a  specific intrinsic function (e.g. DSQRT(X)).
              Controlled by -portability=mixed-size and -wordsize.

       Nonportable usage: character constant/variable length exceeds 255
              Some compilers do not support character strings more than 255 characters in length.
              Controlled by -portability=long-string.

       Nonportable usage: File contains tabs
              ftnchek  expands  tabs  to be equivalent to spaces up to the next column which is a
              multiple of 8.  Some compilers treat tabs differently, and also it is possible that
              files  sent  by electronic mail will have the tabs converted to blanks in some way.
              Therefore  files  containing  tabs  may  not  be  compiled  correctly  after  being
              transferred.  ftnchek does not give this message if tabs only occur within comments
              or character constants.  Controlled by -portability=tab.

       Nonportable usage: non-integer DO loop bounds
              This warning is only given when the DO index and bounds are  non-integer.   Use  of
              non-integer  quantities in a DO statement may cause unexpected errors, or different
              results  on  different  machines,  due  to   roundoff   effects.    Controlled   by
              -portability=real-do.

       Possibly it is an array which was not declared
              This  message  is  appended  to  warnings related to a function invocation or to an
              argument type mismatch, for which the possibility exists that what appears to be  a
              function  is  actually meant to be an array.  If the programmer forgot to dimension
              an array, references to the array will  be  interpreted  as  function  invocations.
              This  message  will be suppressed if the name in question appears in an EXTERNAL or
              INTRINSIC statement.  Controlled by the -novice option.

       Possibly misleading appearance: characters past 72 columns
              The program is being processed with the statement field width at its standard value
              of  72, and some nonblank characters have been found past column 72.  In this case,
              ftnchek is not processing the characters past column 72, and is notifying the  user
              that  the  statement  may  not  have  the  meaning  that it appears to have.  These
              characters might be intended by the programmer to be significant, but they will  be
              ignored by the compiler.  Controlled by -pretty=long-line.

       Possibly misleading appearance: Common block declared in more than one statement
              Such  multiple declarations are legal and have the same effect as a continuation of
              the original declaration of the block.  This warning  is  only  given  if  the  two
              declarations  are  separated  by one or more intervening statements.  Controlled by
              -pretty=multiple-common.

       Possibly misleading appearance: Continuation follows comment or blank line
              ftnchek issues this warning message to alert the user  that  a  continuation  of  a
              statement is interspersed with comments, making it easy to overlook.  Controlled by
              -pretty=continuation.

       Possibly misleading appearance: Extraneous parentheses
              Warns about parentheses surrounding a variable by itself in an expression.  When  a
              parenthesized  variable  is passed as an argument to a subprogram, it is treated as
              an expression, not as a variable whose value can be modified by the called routine.
              Controlled by -pretty=parentheses.

       Subprogram NAME: argument data type mismatch at position n
              The  subprogram's  n-th  actual  argument  (in the CALL or the usage of a function)
              differs in datatype or precision from the n-th dummy argument (in the SUBROUTINE or
              FUNCTION declaration).  For instance, if the user defines a subprogram by
                   SUBROUTINE SUBA(X)
                   REAL X
              and elsewhere invokes SUBA by
                   CALL SUBA(2)
              ftnchek  will  detect  the error.  The reason here is that the number 2 is integer,
              not real.  The user should have written
                   CALL SUBA(2.0)

              When checking an argument which is a subprogram, ftnchek must be able to  determine
              whether it is a function or a subroutine.  The rules used by ftnchek to do this are
              as follows: If the subprogram, besides being passed as an actual argument, is  also
              invoked  directly elsewhere in the same module, then its type is determined by that
              usage.  If not, then if the name of the subprogram does not appear in  an  explicit
              type declaration, it is assumed to be a subroutine; if it is explicitly typed it is
              taken as a function.  Therefore, subroutines passed as actual arguments  need  only
              be  declared by an EXTERNAL statement in the calling module, whereas functions must
              also be  explicitly  typed  in  order  to  avoid  generating  this  error  message.
              Controlled by -arguments setting.

       Subprogram NAME: argument arrayness mismatch at position n
              Similar  to the preceding situation, but the subprogram dummy argument differs from
              the corresponding actual  argument  in  its  number  of  dimensions  or  number  of
              elements.  Controlled by -array together with -arguments settings.

       Subprogram NAME: argument mismatch at position n
              A  character  dummy argument is larger than the corresponding actual argument, or a
              Hollerith  dummy  argument  is  larger  than  the  corresponding  actual  argument.
              Controlled by -arguments setting.

       Subprogram NAME: argument usage mismatch
              ftnchek  detects  a possible conflict between the way a subprogram uses an argument
              and the way in which the argument is supplied to the subprogram.  The conflict  can
              be one of two types, as outlined below.

          Dummy arg is modified, Actual arg is const or expr
              A  dummy argument is an argument as named in a SUBROUTINE or FUNCTION statement and
              used within the subprogram.  An actual argument is  an  argument  as  passed  to  a
              subroutine  or  function by the caller.  ftnchek is saying that a dummy argument is
              modified by the subprogram, implying that its  value  is  changed  in  the  calling
              module.   The corresponding actual argument should not be a constant or expression,
              but rather a variable or array element  which  can  be  legitimately  assigned  to.
              Controlled by the -usage=arg-const-modified option.

          Dummy arg used before set, Actual arg not set
              Here  a dummy argument may be used in the subprogram before having a value assigned
              to it by the subprogram.  The corresponding actual argument  should  have  a  value
              assigned  to  it by the caller prior to invoking the subprogram.  Controlled by the
              -usage=var-uninitialized option.

              This warning is not affected by the -arguments setting.

       Subprogram NAME invoked inconsistently
              Here the mismatch is between the datatype of the subprogram itself as used  and  as
              defined. For instance, if the user declares
                   INTEGER FUNCTION COUNT(A)
              and invokes COUNT in another module as
                   N = COUNT(A)
              without  declaring  its  datatype, it will default to real type, based on the first
              letter of its name.  The calling module should have included the declaration
                   INTEGER COUNT

              Given for -arguments setting 2 or 3.

       Subprogram NAME:  varying length argument lists:
              An inconsistency has been found between the number of dummy arguments  (parameters)
              a  subprogram  has  and  the  number of actual arguments given it in an invocation.
              ftnchek keeps  track  of  all  invocations  of  subprograms  (CALL  statements  and
              expressions  using  functions)  and  compares  them  with  the  definitions  of the
              subprograms elsewhere in the source code.  The Fortran compiler normally  does  not
              catch this type of error.  Given for -arguments setting 1 or 3.

       Variable not declared.  Type has been implicitly defined
              When printing the symbol table for a module, ftnchek will flag with an asterisk all
              identifiers that are not explicitly typed and  will  show  the  datatype  that  was
              assigned  through  implicit  typing.   This  provides support for users who wish to
              declare all variables as is required in  Pascal  or  some  other  languages.   This
              message  appears only when the -symtab option is in effect.  Alternatively, use the
              -declare flag if you want to get a list of all undeclared variables.

       Variables declared but never referenced
              Detects any identifiers that were declared in your program  but  were  never  used,
              either to be assigned a value or to have their value accessed.  Variables in COMMON
              are excluded.  Controlled by the -usage=var-unused option.

       Variables set but never used
              ftnchek will notify the user when a variable has been assigned  a  value,  but  the
              variable  is  not  otherwise  used  in  the  program.  Usually this results from an
              oversight.  Controlled by the -usage=var-set-unused option.

       Variables used before set
              This message indicates that an identifier is used to compute a value prior  to  its
              initialization.   Such  usage  may lead to an incorrect value being computed, since
              its initial value is not controlled.  Controlled  by  the  -usage=var-uninitialized
              option.

       Variables may be used before set
              Similar  to used before set except that ftnchek is not able to determine its status
              with certainty.  ftnchek assumes a variable may be used before  set  if  the  first
              usage  of  the  variable  occurs  prior  in  the  program  text  to its assignment.
              Controlled by the -usage=var-uninitialized option.

       Warning: DO index is not integer
              This warning is only given when the DO bounds are integer, but the DO index is not.
              It  may  indicate  a  failure to declare the index to be an integer.  Controlled by
              -truncation=real-do option.

       Warning: integer quotient expr ... converted to real
              The quotient of two integers results in  an  integer  type  result,  in  which  the
              fractional  part  is  dropped.  If such an integer expression involving division is
              later converted to a real datatype, it may be that a real type  division  had  been
              intended.  Controlled by -truncation=int-div-real option.

       Warning: Integer quotient expr ... used in exponent
              The  quotient  of  two  integers  results  in  an integer type result, in which the
              fractional part is dropped.  If such an integer expression is used as an  exponent,
              it  is  quite  likely  that  a  real  type  division  was  intended.  Controlled by
              -truncation=int-div-exponent option.

       Warning: NAME not set when RETURN encountered
              The way that functions in Fortran return a value is by assigning the value  to  the
              name  of the function.  This message indicates that the function was not assigned a
              value before the point where  a  RETURN  statement  was  found.   Therefore  it  is
              possible that the function could return an undefined value.

       Warning: Nonstandard syntax: adjustable size cannot be concatenated here
              The  Fortran  77  Standard  (sec.  6.2.2) forbids concatenating character variables
              whose size is an asterisk  in  parentheses,  except  in  an  assignment  statement.
              Controlled by -f77=mixed-expr.

       Warning: Nonstandard syntax : significant characters past 72 columns
              This  warning is given under the -f77=long-line setting if the -columns setting has
              been used to increase the statement field width, and  a  statement  has  meaningful
              program text beyond column 72.  Standard Fortran ignores all text in those columns,
              but some compilers do  not.   Thus  the  program  may  be  treated  differently  by
              different compilers.

       Warning: Nonstandard syntax : Statement out of order.
              ftnchek  will  detect  statements  that  are out of the sequence specified for ANSI
              standard Fortran 77.  Table 1 illustrates the allowed sequence of statements in the
              Fortran language.  Statements which are out of order are nonetheless interpreted by
              ftnchek, to prevent ``cascades'' of error messages.  The sequence counter  is  also
              rolled  back  to  prevent  repetition  of  the error message for a block of similar
              statements.  Controlled by the -f77=statement-order option.

              --------------------------------------------------------
                                |               | implicit
                                |  parameter    |---------------------
                                |               | other specification
                      format    |---------------|---------------------
                       and      |               | statement-function
                      entry     |  data         |---------------------
                                |               | executable
              --------------------------------------------------------

                                    Table 1

       Warning: Possible division by zero
              This message is printed out  wherever  division  is  done  (except  division  by  a
              constant).   Use  it to help locate a runtime division by zero problem.  Controlled
              by -division option.

       Warning: real truncated to intg
              ftnchek has detected an assignment statement which has a  real  expression  on  the
              right,  but an integer variable on the left.  The fractional part of the real value
              will be lost.  If you explicitly convert the real expression to integer  using  the
              INT  or  NINT intrinsic function, no warning will be printed.  A similar message is
              printed if a  double  precision  expression  is  assigned  to  a  single  precision
              variable, etc.  Controlled by -truncation=demotion option.

       Warning: subscript is not integer
              Since  array  subscripts  are normally integer quantities, the use of a non-integer
              expression here may signal  an  error.   Controlled  by  -truncation=real-subscript
              option.

       Warning: Unknown intrinsic function
              This  message  warns  the  user  that  a name declared in an INTRINSIC statement is
              unknown to ftnchek.  Probably it is a nonstandard intrinsic function,  and  so  the
              program  will  not be portable.  The function will be treated by ftnchek as a user-
              defined function.  This warning is not suppressed by any option, since  it  affects
              ftnchek's analysis of the program.  However, if the intrinsic function is in one of
              the supported sets of nonstandard intrinsics, you can use the -intrinsic setting to
              cause ftnchek to recognize it.

LIMITATIONS AND EXTENSIONS

       ftnchek accepts ANSI standard Fortran-77 programs with some minor limitations and numerous
       common extensions.

       Limitations:
              The dummy arguments in statement functions are treated like ordinary  variables  of
              the program.  That is, their scope is the entire subprogram, not just the statement
              function definition.

              The checking of FORMAT statements is lax,  tolerating  missing  separators  (comma,
              etc.)  between  format  descriptors in places where the Standard requires them, and
              allowing .d fields on descriptors that should not have them.  It  does  warn  under
              -f77=format-edit-descr  about  nonstandard descriptor types (like O), and supported
              extensions.

              There are some syntactic extensions and Fortran 90 elements  that  ftnchek  accepts
              but   does  very  little  checking.   For  instance,  pointer  usage  (whether  the
              nonstandard Cray syntax or the Fortran 90 syntax) is not checked other than for set
              and  used  status.   It  is  hoped  that  some  day  more thorough checking will be
              implemented, but for now the user should regard the acceptance of  these  syntactic
              features  simply  as a convenience to enable checking of other aspects of code that
              contains them.  See the section Extensions for specifics about  what  features  are
              accepted but not fully checked.

              If a user-supplied subprogram has the same name as one of the nonstandard intrinsic
              functions recognized by ftnchek, it must be declared in an  EXTERNAL  statement  in
              any routine that invokes it.  Otherwise it will be subject to the checking normally
              given to  the  intrinsic  function.   Since  the  nonstandard  intrinsics  are  not
              standard,  this  EXTERNAL  statement  is  not  required by the Fortran 77 Standard.
              Using the -intrinsic=none  setting,  recognition  of  most  nonstandard  intrinsics
              (excepting only those needed to support the double complex data type) can be turned
              off.  See  the  lists  of  supported  nonstandard  intrinsic  functions  under  the
              discussion of the -intrinsic setting above.

       Extensions:
              All  of  these  extensions (except lower-case characters) will generate warnings if
              the relevant -f77 option is set.  Some of the extensions listed below are  part  of
              the Fortran-90 Standard.  These are indicated by the notation (F90).

              Tabs  are  permitted, and translated into equivalent blanks which correspond to tab
              stops every 8 columns.  The standard does  not  recognize  tabs.   Note  that  some
              compilers  allow  tabs,  but treat them differently.  The treatment defined for DEC
              FORTRAN can be achieved using the -source=dec-tab setting.

              Strings may be delimited by either quote marks or apostrophes.  A sequence  of  two
              delimiter  characters  is  interpreted  as  a  single embedded delimiter character.
              (F90)

              Strings  may  contain  UNIX-style  backslash  escape  sequences.   They   will   be
              interpreted  as such if the -source=unix-backslash setting is given.  Otherwise the
              backslash character will be treated as a normal printing character.

              Source code can be in either Fortran 90 free format or  traditional  fixed  format.
              (F90)

              A semicolon is allowed as a statement separator.  (F90)

              Lower  case  characters  are  permitted,  and are converted internally to uppercase
              except in character strings.  The standard specifies upper  case  only,  except  in
              comments and strings.  (F90)

              Hollerith  constants  are  permitted,  in  accordance with the Fortran 77 Standard,
              appendix C.  They should not be used in  expressions,  or  confused  with  datatype
              CHARACTER.

              The  letter  'D' (upper or lower case) in column 1 is treated as the beginning of a
              comment.  There is no option to treat such lines as statements instead of comments.

              Statements may be longer than 72 columns provided that  the  setting  -columns  was
              used  to  increase  the limit.  According to the standard, all text from columns 73
              through 80 is ignored, and no line may be longer than 80 columns.

              Variable names may be longer than six characters.  The standard  specifies  six  as
              the maximum.  ftnchek permits names up to 31 characters long (F90).

              Variable  names  may  contain underscores and dollar signs (or other non-alphabetic
              characters as specified by the -identifier-chars option).  These characters are are
              treated  the  same as alphabetic letters.  The default type for variables beginning
              with these characters is REAL.  In IMPLICIT type statements specifying a  range  of
              characters,  the  dollar  sign follows Z and is followed by underscore.  (Any other
              user-defined characters are treated the same  as  the  dollar  sign.)   Fortran  90
              permits underscores in variable names.

              The  UNIX  version  tolerates the presence of preprocessor directives, namely lines
              beginning with the pound sign (#).  These are treated as comments, except for #line
              directives,  which  are interpreted, and are used to set the line number and source
              file name for warnings and error messages.  Note that #include directives  are  not
              processed  by ftnchek.  Programs that use them for including source files should be
              passed through the preprocessor before being input to  ftnchek.   As  noted  below,
              ftnchek  does  process  INCLUDE  statements,  which  have  a  different syntax.  An
              optional program, ftnpp(1L) (available  separately)  provides   preprocessing  that
              properly handles INCLUDE files.

              The  Fortran  90  DO ...  ENDDO control structure is permitted.  The CYCLE and EXIT
              statements are accepted.  All of these may have an optional do-construct name,  but
              construct names are not checked for consistency. (F90)

              The Fortran 90 SELECT CASE construct is accepted. (F90)

              Construct  names  are  also  accepted  on  IF,  THEN,  ELSE,  ENDIF and SELECT CASE
              statements. (F90)

              The ACCEPT and TYPE statements (for terminal I/O)  are  permitted,  with  the  same
              syntax as PRINT.

              The  so-called  ``Cray  pointer''  syntax  is  tolerated. It is not the same as the
              Fortran 90 POINTER statement.  There is no real checking  of  the  statement  other
              than basic syntax.  The form of this statement is
                 POINTER (pointer, pointee) [,(pointer, pointee)]
              The  pointer  variables  are assigned a data type of INTEGER *4.  Usage checking of
              the pointee variables is suppressed, since in practice they are accessed indirectly
              via the pointers.

              The  following  Fortran  90  pointer  related  syntaxes  are accepted: ALLOCATABLE,
              POINTER, and TARGET statements  and  the  same  attributes  in  type  declarations;
              ALLOCATE,  DEALLOCATE,  and NULLIFY executable statements; pointer assignment using
              => operator; and the intrinsic functions ALLOCATED and ASSOCIATED.  Little semantic
              checking  of  pointer  variables  and  operations is done beyond basic set and used
              status.  For instance, there is no checking for such errors as  dangling  pointers,
              or use of unallocated arrays.

              Statements  may  have any number of continuation lines.  The Fortran 77 and Fortran
              90 standards allow a maximum of 19 in fixed source form.  The Fortran  90  standard
              allows a maximum of 39 in free source form.

              Relational  (comparison) operators composed of punctuation, namely: < <= == /= > >=
              are allowed.  (F90)

              Inline comments, beginning with an exclamation mark, are permitted.  (F90)

              NAMELIST I/O is supported.  The syntax is the same as in Fortran 90.

              FORMAT statements can contain a dollar sign to indicate  suppression  of  carriage-
              return.  An integer expression enclosed in angle brackets can be used anywhere in a
              FORMAT statement where the Fortran 77 Standard allows an integer  constant  (except
              for  the  length of a Hollerith constant), to provide a run-time value for a repeat
              specification or field width.

              Nonstandard keywords are allowed in I/O statements, corresponding to those  in  VMS
              Fortran.

              The  IMPLICIT  NONE  statement is supported.  The meaning of this statement is that
              all variables must have their data types explicitly declared.  Rather than flag the
              occurrences  of  such  variables with syntax error messages, ftnchek waits till the
              end of the module, and then prints out a list of all undeclared  variables,  as  it
              does for the -declare option.  (F90)

              Data  types  INTEGER,  REAL,  COMPLEX,  and LOGICAL are allowed to have an optional
              precision specification in type declarations.  For instance, REAL*8 means an 8-byte
              floating  point  data  type.   The  REAL*8  datatype  is not necessarily considered
              equivalent to DOUBLE PRECISION, depending on the -wordsize setting.  The Fortran 77
              Standard allows a length specification only for CHARACTER data.

              ftnchek supports the DOUBLE COMPLEX type specification for a complex quantity whose
              real and imaginary parts are double  precision.   Mixed-mode  arithmetic  involving
              single-precision  complex  with  double-precision  real  data, prohibited under the
              Standard, yields a double complex result.

              Combined type  declarations  and  data-statement-like  initializers  are  accepted.
              These have the form of a standard Fortran 77 type declaration, followed by a slash-
              delimited list of constants like that used in a DATA statement.  An example of  the
              syntax is
                   INTEGER  N / 100 /
              This  bastard form of initializing declaration was not adopted in Fortran 90.  Such
              declarations should be written using the standard form described  below,  which  is
              accepted by ftnchek.

              There  is  limited  support for Fortran 90 attribute-based type declarations.  This
              style of declaration is distinguished by the use of a double colon (::) between the
              list  of attributes and the list of declared variables.  The features supported may
              be adequate for novice programmers, but are not yet  sufficient  for  professional-
              quality  Fortran  90  programs.   I hope to add support for more features in future
              releases.  I invite volunteers to assist in this task.  See the ToDo  file  in  the
              source  code  distribution for details.  The attributes currently accepted, besides
              all the usual data types, are DIMENSION, EXTERNAL, INTRINSIC, PARAMETER, and  SAVE.
              The  new  form  of  declaration  also  allows assignment of values to the variables
              declared.  At present, the (LEN=value) form of specifying character lengths is also
              accepted.    Kind  specifications,  using  (KIND=value)  are  parsed  but  are  not
              processed: all kinds are treated as default kind.  Also, there is  little  checking
              of these declarations beyond basic syntax.

              Many  commonly  found  nonstandard  intrinsic  functions  are  provided.   See  the
              discussion of -intrinsic for a list of functions and how to control which ones  are
              recognized.

              Argument checking is not tight for those nonstandard intrinsics that take arrays or
              mixed argument types.

              ftnchek permits the INCLUDE statement, which causes inclusion of the  text  of  the
              given file.  The syntax is
                   INCLUDE 'filename'
              This  is  compatible  with Fortran 90.  If the -source=vms-include option is given,
              ftnchek follows VMS conventions with  respect  to  this  statement:  it  assumes  a
              default  extension  of  .for  if  no  filename  extension  is given, and allows the
              qualifier /[NO]LIST following the filename, to control the listing of the  included
              file.  There is no support for including VMS text modules.

              In  diagnostic output relating to items contained in include files, the location of
              the error is specified by both its location in the include file and the location in
              the parent file where the file was included.

              ftnchek  accepts PARAMETER statements which lack parentheses.  These will be warned
              about if the -f77=param-noparen flag is given.

              ftnchek  accepts  PARAMETER  definitions  that  involve  intrinsic  functions   and
              exponentiation  by  a  non-integer exponent.  Both of these cases are prohibited by
              the Fortran 77 Standard, and will be warned about if the -f77=param-intrinsic  flag
              is  given.   If  an  intrinsic  function  value is a compile-time integer constant,
              ftnchek will evaluate it.  This allows better checking if the parameter is used  in
              declaring  array  sizes.   Fortran  90  allows  intrinsic  functions  in  PARAMETER
              definitions.

              The intrinsic functions that are evaluated are:

                                      ABS     IABS   DIM     IDIM    MAX
                                      MAX0    MIN    MIN0    MOD     SIGN
                                      ISIGN   LEN    ICHAR   INDEX

              The functions of integer arguments are evaluated only if the arguments are  integer
              constant  expressions.   (These  may  involve  integer  constants,  parameters, and
              evaluated intrinsic functions.)  The function LEN is evaluated if its  argument  is
              an  expression involving only character constants and variables whose length is not
              adjustable.  The functions ICHAR and INDEX are evaluated only if the arguments  are
              character  constants.   ftnchek  gives  a  warning  if  it  needs the value of some
              intrinsic function that is not evaluated.

NEW FEATURES

       Here are the changes from Version 3.2 to Version 3.3:

       1.  Front-end has been rewritten for unlimited lookahead, eliminating the longstanding bug
           that caused incorrect interpretation of statements whose ambiguity was not resolved in
           the first line.

       2.  The -mkhtml option is now available in the MS-DOS version.

       3.  Added support for Fortran 90 pointer related syntax: ALLOCATE, DEALLOCATE, and NULLIFY
           statements;  the  ALLOCATABLE, POINTER and TARGET attributes in type declarations; the
           pointer assigment operator => and intrinsic functions ALLOCATED  and  ASSOCIATED;  and
           deferred-shape  array declarations.  At present these new syntax features are accepted
           but not properly checked.  This feature was added by Robert Landrito.

       4.  The -f77 and -f90 pointer option controlling warnings about ``Cray pointers'' has been
           renamed  to  cray-pointer.   The -f77=pointer option now instead controls warnings for
           code containing Fortran 90 pointer-related syntax.

       5.  Re-implemented -mkhtml processing so it is now much faster on source files  containing
           many routines.

       6.  Changed the arrangement of the test directory so there is no longer any need to modify
           the distribution in order to run the test suite (check.bat) under MS-DOS.

       7.  Fixed bug in reading numeric settings on command line when setting name abbreviated to
           3 characters.

       8.  Fixed  bug  causing  spurious  warning for a GOTO referring to a labeled END statement
           when the statement before END was a FORMAT.

       9.  New flag -f77=character to  control  warnings  about  extensions  to  the  Fortran  77
           character  data  type.  Accompanying this new flag is support for Fortran 90 rules for
           character variable declarations that evaluate to zero  or  negative  length,  allowing
           them and treating negative length values as zero.

       10. Fixed  minor  bug in printing of comments and blank lines following last END statement
           in -list mode.

BUGS

       ftnchek still has much room for improvement.  Your feedback is appreciated.   We  want  to
       know  about  any  bugs you notice.  Bugs include not only cases in which ftnchek issues an
       error message where no error exists, but also if ftnchek fails to issue a warning when  it
       ought  to.   Note,  however,  that ftnchek is not intended to catch all syntax errors (see
       section on Limitations).  Also, it is not considered a bug for a variable to  be  reported
       as  used  before  set, if the reason is that the usage of the variable occurs prior in the
       text to where the variable is set.  For instance, this could  occur  when  a  GOTO  causes
       execution  to  loop  backward  to  some  previously  skipped statements.  ftnchek does not
       analyze the program flow, but assumes that statements occurring earlier in  the  text  are
       executed before the following ones.

       We  especially  want  to  know  if  ftnchek crashes for any reason.  It is not supposed to
       crash, even on programs with syntax  errors.   Suggestions  are  welcomed  for  additional
       features  which  you  would  find  useful.   Tell  us  if  any  of  ftnchek's messages are
       incomprehensible.  Comments on the readability and accuracy  of  this  document  are  also
       welcome.

       You  may  also  suggest  support for additional extensions to the Fortran language.  These
       will be included only if it is felt that the extensions are sufficiently  widely  accepted
       by compilers.

       If  you find a bug in ftnchek, first consult the list of known bugs below to see if it has
       already been reported.  Also check the section  entitled  ``Limitations  and  Extensions''
       above  for restrictions that could be causing the problem.  If you do not find the problem
       documented in either place, then send a report including

       1.  The operating system and CPU type on which ftnchek is running.

       2.  The version of ftnchek and values of any environment options or  settings  defined  in
           startup file.  (Capturing the output of ftnchek -help is useful for this.)

       3.  A brief description of the bug.

       4.  If possible, a small sample program showing the bug.

       The  report  should  be  sent  to  Dr.  Robert  Moniot (see contact information in section
       entitled ``Installation and Support'').

       Highest priority will be given to bugs which cause ftnchek to crash.

       Certain problems that arise when checking large programs can be fixed  by  increasing  the
       sizes  of  the  data  areas  in  ftnchek.  (These problems are generally signaled by error
       messages beginning with ``Oops''.)  The simplest way to increase the  table  sizes  is  by
       recompiling  ftnchek  with the LARGE_MACHINE macro name defined.  Consult the makefile and
       README file for the method of doing this.

       The following is a list of known bugs.

       1.  Bug: Used-before-set message is suppressed for any variable which is used as the  loop
           index  in  an  implied-do  loop,  even if it was in fact used before being set in some
           earlier statement.  For example, consider J in the statement

                 WRITE(5,*) (A(J), J=1,10)

           Here ftnchek parses the I/O expression, A(J), where J is used, before  it  parses  the
           implied  loop  where J is set.  Normally this would cause ftnchek to report a spurious
           used-before-set warning for J.  Since this report  is  usually  in  error  and  occurs
           fairly commonly, ftnchek suppresses the warning for J altogether.

           Prognosis:  A future version of  ftnchek is planned which will handle implied-do loops
           correctly.

       2.  Bug: Variables used (not as arguments) in statement-function subprograms do  not  have
           their usage status updated when the statement function is invoked.

           Prognosis: To be fixed in a future version of ftnchek.

       3.  Bug:  VAX  version  does not expand wildcards in filenames on the command line if they
           are followed without space by an option, e.g.  ftnchek *.f/calltree would  not  expand
           the  *.f.   This  is  because  VMS-style  options  without  intervening  space are not
           supported by the GNU shell_mung routine that is used to expand wildcards.

           Prognosis: unlikely to be fixed.

       4.  Bug: checking  for  nonstandard  format  edit  descriptors  is  done  only  in  FORMAT
           statements, not in character strings used as formats.

           Prognosis: may be fixed someday.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

       ftnchek  was  designed  by Dr. Robert Moniot, professor at Fordham University.  During the
       academic year of 1988-1989, Michael Myers and Lucia Spagnuolo  developed  the  program  to
       perform  the  variable  usage  checks.  During the following year it was augmented by Lois
       Bigbie to check  subprogram  arguments  and  COMMON  block  declarations.   Brian  Downing
       assisted  with  the  implementation of the INCLUDE statement.  John Quinn wrote the common
       block usage checks.  Heba Elsayed wrote the label table printout and label  usage  checks.
       Nelson  H.  F. Beebe of the University of Utah added most of the new code to implement the
       -makedcls feature and wrote the dcl2inc script.  The -mkhtml feature  was  contributed  by
       Mark  McVeigh  of  Framatome  ANP,  Inc.  The -reference feature was contributed by Gerome
       Emmanuel, Ecole des mines, U. Nancy (slightly modified).  The -vcg option was  contributed
       by Dr. Philip Rubini of Cranfield University, UK.  The support for Cray pointer syntax was
       provided by John Dannenhoffer of United Technologies Research Center.  John  C.  Bollinger
       of  Indiana  University  added  the  parser  syntax for the SELECT CASE construct.  Robert
       Landrito added the parser syntax for F90 pointer-related  features.   Additional  features
       will  be  added  as time permits.  As of Version 2.5, the name was changed from forchek to
       ftnchek, to avoid confusion with a similar program named forcheck,  developed  earlier  at
       Leiden University.

       We would like to thank John Amor of the University of British Columbia, Reg Clemens of the
       Air Force Phillips Lab in Albuquerque, Markus Draxler  of  the  University  of  Stuttgart,
       Victor  Eijkhout  of  the  University  of  Tennessee  at  Knoxville,  Greg Flint of Purdue
       University, Daniel P. Giesy of NASA Langley Research Center, Fritz Keinert of  Iowa  State
       University, Judah Milgram of the University of Maryland College Park, Hugh Nicholas of the
       Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center,  Dan  Severance  of  Yale  University,  Phil  Sterne  of
       Lawrence  Livermore  National  Laboratory, Larry Weissman of the University of Washington,
       Warren J. Wiscombe of NASA Goddard, and Nelson H. F. Beebe of the University of Utah,  for
       pointing  out  bugs  and  suggesting some improvements.  Stefan A. Deutscher, Gunnar Duus,
       Clive Page of the University of Leicester, Stephan Wefing of  Heidelberg  University,  and
       Bob  Wells  of  Oxford  University were extremely helpful as alpha testers.  We also thank
       Jack Dongarra for putting ftnchek into the netlib library of publicly available software.

INSTALLATION AND SUPPORT

       The ftnchek program is free software.  It can be  obtained  by  anonymous  ftp  from  many
       software   servers,   including  ftp://netlib.org/fortran  .   Note  that  on  Netlib  the
       distribution is named ftnchek.tar.gz whereas on most other servers the file name  includes
       the  version  number,  e.g. ftnchek-3.3.0.tar.gz.  If the file extension is .Z, uncompress
       with the Unix uncompress(1) utility.  If the file extension is .gz,  uncompress  with  the
       GNU gunzip(1L) program.  Then use tar(1) to unpack the files into a subdirectory.

       Installation  requires a C compiler for your computer.  See the INSTALL file provided with
       the distribution for instructions on installing ftnchek on your system.  Executable binary
       for  particular  systems  such  as  IBM  PC or Macintosh, as available, can be obtained by
       anonymous ftp from ftp://ftp.dsm.fordham.edu/pub/ftnchek .  Assistance in  preparing  such
       executable binary forms is welcome.

       The  nroff  version of this document is named ftnchek.man.  On UNIX systems, this file can
       be used as the man page, but actually it is a multi-purpose source file which is  used  to
       produce  the  other forms of the documentation.  The cleaned-up man page document, created
       during installation of ftnchek, is named ftnchek.1.   The  distribution  also  includes  a
       plain  ASCII  version  named  ftnchek.doc,  a PostScript version named ftnchek.ps, an HTML
       version in directory html, and a VMS HELP version named ftnchek.hlp.

       Information about the latest version and the status of the  project  can  be  obtained  by
       visiting   ftnchek's   home   page,  http://www.dsm.fordham.edu/~ftnchek  .   For  further
       information and to  report  bugs,  you  may  contact  Dr.  Robert  Moniot,  whose  contact
       information  can  be  found  by a Web search for his name and Fordham University.  (E-mail
       address is not provided here because it attracts unsolicited commercial e-mail, but it  is
       easily  constructed by combining his last name with the name of the university and the edu
       domain.)

SEE ALSO

       dcl2inc(1L),  dtoq(1L),  dtos(1L),  f77(1),  fd2s(1L),  fs2d(1L),  ftnpp(1L),   pfort(1L),
       qtod(1L), sf3(1L), stod(1L).  xsf3(1L), xvcg(1L).

                                          November 2004                            FTNCHEK 3.3(1)