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NAME

       icon - interpret or compile Icon programs

SYNOPSIS

       icont [ option ... ] file ... [ -x arg ... ]
       iconc [ option ... ] file ... [ -x arg ... ]

DESCRIPTION

       icont  and  iconc  each  convert  an  Icon  source  program  into  executable form.  icont
       translates quickly and provides interpretive execution.  iconc takes longer to compile but
       produces  programs  that  execute  faster.   icont and iconc for the most part can be used
       interchangeably.

       This manual page describes both icont and iconc. Where  there  there  are  differences  in
       usage between icont and iconc, these are noted.

       File  Names:  Files  whose names end in .icn are assumed to be Icon source files. The .icn
       suffix may be omitted; if it is not present, it is supplied. The character - can  be  used
       to  indicate  an  Icon  source  file given in standard input.  Several source files can be
       given on the same command line; if so, they are combined to produce a single program.

       The name of the executable file is the base name  of  the  first  input  file,  formed  by
       deleting  the  suffix,  if  present.  stdin  is used for source programs given in standard
       input.

       Processing: As noted in the synopsis above, icont and iconc  accept  options  followed  by
       file  names,  optionally  followed  by  -x  and  arguments. If -x is given, the program is
       executed automatically and any following arguments are passed to it.

       icont: The processing performed by icont consists of two phases: translation and  linking.
       During  translation,  each  Icon  source  file is translated into an intermediate language
       called ucode. Two ucode files are produced for each source file, with base names from  the
       source  file  and  suffixes  .u1  and .u2.  During linking, the one or more pairs of ucode
       files are combined to produce a single icode file.  The ucode files are deleted after  the
       icode file is created.

       Processing  by  icont  can be terminated after translation by the -c option. In this case,
       the ucode files are not deleted.  The names of .u1 files from previous translations can be
       given on the icont command line.  These files and the corresponding .u2 files are included
       in the linking phase after the translation of any source files.  The suffix .u can be used
       in  place  of  .u1;  in  this  case the 1 is supplied automatically.  Ucode files that are
       explicitly named are not deleted.

       iconc: The processing performed by iconc consists  of  two  phases:  code  generation  and
       compilation and linking. The code generation phase produces C code, consisting of a .c and
       a .h file, with the base name of the first source file. These files are then compiled  and
       linked  to  produce  an  executable  binary  file.  The C files normally are deleted after
       compilation and linking.

       Processing by iconc can be terminated after code generation by  the  -c  option.  In  this
       case, the C files are not deleted.

OPTIONS

       The following options are recognized by icont and iconc:

       -c  Stop after producing intermediate files and do not delete them.

       -e file
           Redirect standard error output to file.

       -f s
           Enable full string invocation.

       -o name
           Name the output file name.

       -s  Suppress informative messages.  Normally, both informative messages and error messages
           are sent to standard error output.

       -t  Arrange for &trace to have an initial value of -1 when the program is executed and for
           iconc enable debugging features.

       -u  Issue warning messages for undeclared identifiers in the program.

       -v i
           Set verbosity level of informative messages to i

       -E  Direct the results of preprocessing to standard output and inhibit further processing.

       The following additional options are recognized by iconc:

       -f string
           Enable features as indicated by the letters in string:

             a all, equivalent to delns

             d enable  debugging  features:  display(), name(), variable(), error trace back, and
               the effect of -f n (see below)

             e enable error conversion

             l enable large-integer arithmetic

             n produce code that keeps track of line numbers and file names in the source code

             s enable full string invocation

       -n string
           Disable specific optimizations. These are indicated by the letters in string:

             a all, equivalent to cest

             c control flow optimizations other than switch statement optimizations

             e expand operations in-line when reasonable (keywords are always put in-line)

             s optimize switch statements associated with operation invocations

             t type inference

       -p arg
           Pass arg on to the C compiler used by iconc

       -r path
           Use the run-time system at path, which must end with a slash.

       -C prg
           Have iconc use the C compiler given by prg

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       When an Icon program is executed, several environment variables are examined to  determine
       certain execution parameters.  Values in parentheses are the default values.

       BLKSIZE (500000)
           The initial size of the allocated block region, in bytes.

       COEXPSIZE (2000)
           The size, in words, of each co-expression block.

       DBLIST
           The  location of data bases for iconc to search before the standard one.  The value of
           DBLIST should be a blank-separated string of the form p1 p2 ...  pn where the pi  name
           directories.

       ICONCORE
           If set, a core dump is produced for error termination.

       ICONX
           The  location of iconx, the executor for icode files, is built into an icode file when
           it is produced. This location can be overridden by setting  the  environment  variable
           ICONX.   If  ICONX  is  set, its value is used in place of the location built into the
           icode file.

       IPATH
           The location of ucode files specified in link declarations  for  icont.   IPATH  is  a
           blank-separated  list of directories.  The current directory is always searched first,
           regardless of the value of IPATH.

       LPATH
           The location of source files specified in preprocessor $include directives and in link
           declarations for iconc.  LPATH is otherwise similar to IPATH.

       MSTKSIZE (10000)
           The size, in words, of the main interpreter stack for icont.

       NOERRBUF
           By default, &errout is buffered.  If this variable is set, &errout is not buffered.

       QLSIZE (5000)
           The  size,  in  bytes,  of  the  region  used  for  pointers to strings during garbage
           collection.

       STRSIZE (500000)
           The initial size of the string space, in bytes.

       TRACE
           The initial value of  &trace.   If  this  variable  has  a  value,  it  overrides  the
           translation-time -t option.

FILES

       icont     Icon translator
       iconc     Icon compiler
       iconx     Icon executor

SEE ALSO

       The  Icon  Programming  Language,  Ralph  E. Griswold and Madge T. Griswold, Prentice-Hall
       Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Second Edition, 1990.

       Version 9.1 of Icon, Ralph E. Griswold, Clinton L. Jeffery, and Gregg M. Townsend, IPD267,
       Department of Computer Science, The University of Arizona, 1995.

       Version 9 of the Icon Compiler, Ralph E. Griswold, IPD237, Department of Computer Science,
       The University of Arizona, 1995.

       icon_vt(1)

LIMITATIONS AND BUGS

       The icode files for the interpreter do not stand alone; the Icon run-time  system  (iconx)
       must be present.

       Stack overflow is checked using a heuristic that is not always effective.

                                     1 November 1995 IPD244b                              ICON(1)