Ubuntu Manpage: Config::Model::Backend::Augeas - Read and write config data through Augeas

Provided by: libconfig-model-backend-augeas-perl_0.118-2_all

NAME

       Config::Model::Backend::Augeas - Read and write config data through Augeas

SYNOPSIS

         # model specification with augeas backend
         {
          config_class_name => 'OpenSsh::Sshd',

          # try Augeas and fall-back with custom method
          read_config  => [ { backend => 'augeas' ,
                              file => '/etc/ssh/sshd_config',
                              # declare "seq" Augeas elements
                              sequential_lens => [/AcceptEnv AllowGroups [etc]/],
                            },
                            { backend => 'custom' , # dir hardcoded in custom class
                              class => 'Config::Model::Sshd'
                            }
                          ],
          # write_config will be written using read_config specifications

          element => ...
         }

DESCRIPTION

This class provides a way to load or store configuration data through Config::Augeas. This
way, the structure and commments of the original configuration file will preserved.

To use Augeas as a backend, you must specify the following "read_config" parameters:

backend
Use "augeas" (or "Augeas")in this case.

save
Either "backup" or "newfile". See "Constructor" in Config::Augeas for details.

file
Name of the configuration file.

sequential_lens
This one is tricky. Set to one when new Augeas list or hash node must be created for
each new list or hash element. See "Sequential lens" for details.

For instance:

read_config => [ { backend => 'augeas' ,
save => 'backup',
file => '/etc/ssh/sshd_config',
# declare "seq" Augeas elements
sequential_lens => [/AcceptEnv AllowGroups/],
},
],

Sequential lens
Some configuration files feature data that must be written as list or as hash. Depending
on the syntax, Augeas list or hash lenses can be written so that new "container" nodes are
required for each new element.

For instance, "HostKey" lines can be repeated several times in "sshd_config". Since Augeas
must keep track of these several lines, Augeas tree will be written like:

/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/HostKey[1]
/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/HostKey[2]
/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/HostKey[3]

and not:

/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/HostKey/1
/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/HostKey/2
/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/HostKey/3

The "HostKey" node is created several times. A new hostkey must be added with the
following syntax:

/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/HostKey[4]

and not:

/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/HostKey/4

So the "HostKey" lens is sequential.

The situation is more complex when syntax allow repeated values on several lines. Like:

AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL

Augeas will have this tree:

/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/AcceptEnv[1]/1
/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/AcceptEnv[1]/2
/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/AcceptEnv[1]/3
/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/AcceptEnv[2]/4
/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/AcceptEnv[2]/5

Note that the first index between squarekeeps track of how are grouped the "AcceptEnv"
data, but the real list index is after the slash.

Augeas does not require new elements to create "AcceptEnv[3]". A new element can be added
as :

/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/AcceptEnv[2]/6

So this lens is not sequential.

The same kind of trouble occurs with hash elements. Some hashes tree are like:

/files/etc/foo/my_hash/my_key1
/files/etc/foo/my_hash/my_key2

Others are like:

/files/etc/foo/my_hash[1]/my_key1
/files/etc/foo/my_hash[2]/my_key2

Note that a list-like index is used with the hash key.

This also depends on the syntax of the configuration file. For instance, "Subsystem" in
"sshd_config" can be :

Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
Subsystem fooftp /usr/lib/openssh/fooftp-server
Subsystem barftp /usr/lib/openssh/barftp-server

This (unvalid) sshd configuration is represented by:

/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/Subsystem[1]/sftp
/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/Subsystem[2]/fooftp
/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/Subsystem[3]/barftp

Any new Subsystem must be added with:

/files/etc/ssh/sshd_config/Subsystem[4]/bazftp

In this case, the hash is also sequential.

For these examples, the augeas backend declaration must feature:

sequential_lens => [qw/HostKey Subsystem/],

Augeas backend limitation
The structure and element names of the Config::Model tree must match the structure defined
in Augeas lenses. I.e. the order of the element declared in Config::Model must match the
order required by Augeas lenses.

Sometimes, the structure of a file loaded by Augeas starts directly with a list of items.
For instance "/etc/hosts" structure starts with a list of lines that specify hosts and IP
addresses. The "set_in" parameter specifies an element name in Config::Model root class
that will hold the configuration data retrieved by Augeas.

Log and trace

       This module use Log::Log4perl to log debug and info trace with "Data::Read" and
       "Data::Write" categories.

CAVEATS

       •   Augeas "#comment" nodes are ignored

AUTHOR

       Dominique Dumont, <ddumont at cpan dot org@<gt>

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (C) 2008-2010 by Dominique Dumont

LICENSE

       This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the LGPL
       terms.