NAME

       Email::Valid - Check validity of Internet email addresses

VERSION

       version 1.198

SYNOPSIS

         use Email::Valid;
         my $address = Email::Valid->address('maurice@hevanet.com');
         print ($address ? 'yes' : 'no');

DESCRIPTION

       This module determines whether an email address is well-formed, and optionally, whether a
       mail host exists for the domain.

       Please note that there is no way to determine whether an address is deliverable without
       attempting delivery (for details, see perlfaq 9).

PREREQUISITES

       This module requires perl 5.004 or later and the Mail::Address module.  Either the
       Net::DNS module or the nslookup utility is required for DNS checks.  The Net::Domain::TLD
       module is required to check the validity of top level domains.

METHODS

         Every method which accepts an <ADDRESS> parameter may
         be passed either a string or an instance of the Mail::Address
         class.  All errors raise an exception.

       new ( [PARAMS] )
           This method is used to construct an Email::Valid object.  It accepts an optional list
           of named parameters to control the behavior of the object at instantiation.

           The following named parameters are allowed.  See the individual methods below of
           details.

            -mxcheck
            -tldcheck
            -fudge
            -fqdn
            -allow_ip
            -local_rules

       mx ( <ADDRESS>|<DOMAIN> )
           This method accepts an email address or domain name and determines whether a DNS
           record (A or MX) exists for it.

           The method returns true if a record is found and undef if not.

           Either the Net::DNS module or the nslookup utility is required for DNS checks.  Using
           Net::DNS is the preferred method since error handling is improved.  If Net::DNS is
           available, you can modify the behavior of the resolver (e.g. change the default
           tcp_timeout value) by manipulating the global Net::DNS::Resolver instance stored in
           $Email::Valid::Resolver.

       rfc822 ( <ADDRESS> )
           This method determines whether an address conforms to the RFC822 specification (except
           for nested comments).  It returns true if it conforms and undef if not.

       fudge ( <TRUE>|<FALSE> )
           Specifies whether calls to address() should attempt to correct common addressing
           errors.  Currently, this results in the removal of spaces in AOL addresses, and the
           conversion of commas to periods in Compuserve addresses.  The default is false.

       allow_ip ( <TRUE>|<FALSE> )
           Specifies whether a "domain literal" is acceptable as the domain part.  That means
           addresses like:  "rjbs@[1.2.3.4]"

           The checking for the domain literal is stricter than the RFC and looser than checking
           for a valid IP address, but this is subject to change.

           The default is true.

       fqdn ( <TRUE>|<FALSE> )
           Species whether addresses passed to address() must contain a fully qualified domain
           name (FQDN).  The default is true.

           Please note!  FQDN checks only occur for non-domain-literals.  In other words, if you
           have set "allow_ip" and the address ends in a bracketed IP address, the FQDN check
           will not occur.

       tld ( <ADDRESS> )
           This method determines whether the domain part of an address is in a recognized top-
           level domain.

           Please note!  TLD checks only occur for non-domain-literals.  In other words, if you
           have set "allow_ip" and the address ends in a bracketed IP address, the TLD check will
           not occur.

       local_rules ( <TRUE>|<FALSE> )
           Specifies whether addresses passed to address() should be tested for domain specific
           restrictions.  Currently, this is limited to certain AOL restrictions that I'm aware
           of.  The default is false.

       mxcheck ( <TRUE>|<FALSE> )
           Specifies whether addresses passed to address() should be checked for a valid DNS
           entry.  The default is false.

       tldcheck ( <TRUE>|<FALSE> )
           Specifies whether addresses passed to address() should be checked for a valid top
           level domains.  The default is false.

       address ( <ADDRESS> )
           This is the primary method which determines whether an email address is valid.  It's
           behavior is modified by the values of mxcheck(), tldcheck(), local_rules(), fqdn(),
           and fudge().  If the address passes all checks, the (possibly modified) address is
           returned as a string.  Otherwise, the undefined value is returned.  In a list context,
           the method also returns an instance of the Mail::Address class representing the email
           address.

       details ()
           If the last call to address() returned undef, you can call this method to determine
           why it failed.  Possible values are:

            rfc822
            localpart
            local_rules
            fqdn
            mxcheck
            tldcheck

           If the class is not instantiated, you can get the same information from the global
           $Email::Valid::Details.

EXAMPLES

       Let's see if the address 'maurice@hevanet.com' conforms to the RFC822 specification:

         print (Email::Valid->address('maurice@hevanet.com') ? 'yes' : 'no');

       Additionally, let's make sure there's a mail host for it:

         print (Email::Valid->address( -address => 'maurice@hevanet.com',
                                       -mxcheck => 1 ) ? 'yes' : 'no');

       Let's see an example of how the address may be modified:

         $addr = Email::Valid->address('Alfred Neuman <Neuman @ foo.bar>');
         print "$addr\n"; # prints Neuman@foo.bar

       Now let's add the check for top level domains:

         $addr = Email::Valid->address( -address => 'Neuman@foo.bar',
                                        -tldcheck => 1 );
         print "$addr\n"; # doesn't print anything

       Need to determine why an address failed?

         unless(Email::Valid->address('maurice@hevanet')) {
           print "address failed $Email::Valid::Details check.\n";
         }

       If an error is encountered, an exception is raised.  This is really only possible when
       performing DNS queries.  Trap any exceptions by wrapping the call in an eval block:

         eval {
           $addr = Email::Valid->address( -address => 'maurice@hevanet.com',
                                          -mxcheck => 1 );
         };
         warn "an error was encountered: $@" if $@;

CREDITS

       Significant portions of this module are based on the ckaddr program written by Tom
       Christiansen and the RFC822 address pattern developed by Jeffrey Friedl.  Neither were
       involved in the construction of this module; all errors are mine.

       Thanks very much to the following people for their suggestions and bug fixes:

         Otis Gospodnetic <otis@DOMINIS.com>
         Kim Ryan <kimaryan@ozemail.com.au>
         Pete Ehlke <pde@listserv.music.sony.com>
         Lupe Christoph
         David Birnbaum
         Achim
         Elizabeth Mattijsen (liz@dijkmat.nl)

SEE ALSO

       Mail::Address, Net::DNS, Net::Domain::TLD, perlfaq9

AUTHOR

       Maurice Aubrey <maurice@hevanet.com>

CONTRIBUTORS

       •   Alexandr Ciornii <alexchorny@gmail.com>

       •   Karel Miko <karel.miko@gmail.com>

       •   McA <McA@github.com>

       •   Michael Schout <mschout@gkg.net>

       •   Ricardo SIGNES <rjbs@cpan.org>

       •   Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>

       •   Svetlana <svetlana.wiczer@gmail.com>

       •   Troy Morehouse <troymore@nbnet.nb.ca>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

       This software is copyright (c) 1998 by Maurice Aubrey.

       This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as
       the Perl 5 programming language system itself.