Provided by: tcl8.4-doc_8.4.20-8_all 
NAME
Tcl_AsyncCreate, Tcl_AsyncMark, Tcl_AsyncInvoke, Tcl_AsyncDelete, Tcl_AsyncReady - handle
asynchronous events
SYNOPSIS
#include <tcl.h>
Tcl_AsyncHandler
Tcl_AsyncCreate(proc, clientData)
Tcl_AsyncMark(async)
int
Tcl_AsyncInvoke(interp, code)
Tcl_AsyncDelete(async)
int
Tcl_AsyncReady()
ARGUMENTS
Tcl_AsyncProc *proc (in) Procedure to invoke to handle an asynchronous
event.
ClientData clientData (in) One-word value to pass to proc.
Tcl_AsyncHandler async (in) Token for asynchronous event handler.
Tcl_Interp *interp (in) Tcl interpreter in which command was being
evaluated when handler was invoked, or NULL if
handler was invoked when there was no
interpreter active.
int code (in) Completion code from command that just completed
in interp, or 0 if interp is NULL.
_________________________________________________________________
DESCRIPTION
These procedures provide a safe mechanism for dealing with asynchronous events such as
signals. If an event such as a signal occurs while a Tcl script is being evaluated then
it isn't safe to take any substantive action to process the event. For example, it isn't
safe to evaluate a Tcl script since the interpreter may already be in the middle of
evaluating a script; it may not even be safe to allocate memory, since a memory allocation
could have been in progress when the event occurred. The only safe approach is to set a
flag indicating that the event occurred, then handle the event later when the world has
returned to a clean state, such as after the current Tcl command completes.
Tcl_AsyncCreate, Tcl_AsyncDelete, and Tcl_AsyncReady are thread sensitive. They access
and/or set a thread-specific data structure in the event of a core built with
--enable-threads. The token created by Tcl_AsyncCreate contains the needed thread
information it was called from so that calling Tcl_AsyncMark(token) will only yield the
origin thread into the asynchronous handler.
Tcl_AsyncCreate creates an asynchronous handler and returns a token for it. The
asynchronous handler must be created before any occurrences of the asynchronous event that
it is intended to handle (it is not safe to create a handler at the time of an event).
When an asynchronous event occurs the code that detects the event (such as a signal
handler) should call Tcl_AsyncMark with the token for the handler. Tcl_AsyncMark will
mark the handler as ready to execute, but it will not invoke the handler immediately. Tcl
will call the proc associated with the handler later, when the world is in a safe state,
and proc can then carry out the actions associated with the asynchronous event. Proc
should have arguments and result that match the type Tcl_AsyncProc:
typedef int Tcl_AsyncProc(
ClientData clientData,
Tcl_Interp *interp,
int code);
The clientData will be the same as the clientData argument passed to Tcl_AsyncCreate when
the handler was created. If proc is invoked just after a command has completed execution
in an interpreter, then interp will identify the interpreter in which the command was
evaluated and code will be the completion code returned by that command. The command's
result will be present in the interpreter's result. When proc returns, whatever it leaves
in the interpreter's result will be returned as the result of the command and the integer
value returned by proc will be used as the new completion code for the command.
It is also possible for proc to be invoked when no interpreter is active. This can
happen, for example, if an asynchronous event occurs while the application is waiting for
interactive input or an X event. In this case interp will be NULL and code will be 0, and
the return value from proc will be ignored.
The procedure Tcl_AsyncInvoke is called to invoke all of the handlers that are ready. The
procedure Tcl_AsyncReady will return non-zero whenever any asynchronous handlers are
ready; it can be checked to avoid calls to Tcl_AsyncInvoke when there are no ready
handlers. Tcl calls Tcl_AsyncReady after each command is evaluated and calls
Tcl_AsyncInvoke if needed. Applications may also call Tcl_AsyncInvoke at interesting
times for that application. For example, Tcl's event handler calls Tcl_AsyncReady after
each event and calls Tcl_AsyncInvoke if needed. The interp and code arguments to
Tcl_AsyncInvoke have the same meaning as for proc: they identify the active interpreter,
if any, and the completion code from the command that just completed.
Tcl_AsyncDelete removes an asynchronous handler so that its proc will never be invoked
again. A handler can be deleted even when ready, and it will still not be invoked.
If multiple handlers become active at the same time, the handlers are invoked in the order
they were created (oldest handler first). The code and the interpreter's result for later
handlers reflect the values returned by earlier handlers, so that the most recently
created handler has last say about the interpreter's result and completion code. If new
handlers become ready while handlers are executing, Tcl_AsyncInvoke will invoke them all;
at each point it invokes the highest-priority (oldest) ready handler, repeating this over
and over until there are no longer any ready handlers.
WARNING
It is almost always a bad idea for an asynchronous event handler to modify the
interpreter's result or return a code different from its code argument. This sort of
behavior can disrupt the execution of scripts in subtle ways and result in bugs that are
extremely difficult to track down. If an asynchronous event handler needs to evaluate Tcl
scripts then it should first save the interpreter's result plus the values of the
variables errorInfo and errorCode (this can be done, for example, by storing them in
dynamic strings). When the asynchronous handler is finished it should restore the
interpreter's result, errorInfo, and errorCode, and return the code argument.
KEYWORDS
asynchronous event, handler, signal