PROLOG

       This  manual  page  is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux implementation of
       this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux  manual  page  for  details  of
       Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

NAME

       puts — put a string on standard output

SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       int puts(const char *s);

DESCRIPTION

       The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with the ISO C standard. Any
       conflict between the requirements described here and the ISO C standard is  unintentional.
       This volume of POSIX.1‐2008 defers to the ISO C standard.

       The  puts()  function  shall write the string pointed to by s, followed by a <newline>, to
       the standard output stream stdout.  The terminating null byte shall not be written.

       The last data modification and last file status change timestamps of  the  file  shall  be
       marked  for  update  between  the  successful  execution of puts() and the next successful
       completion of a call to fflush() or fclose() on the same stream or a  call  to  exit()  or
       abort().

RETURN VALUE

       Upon successful completion, puts() shall return a non-negative number. Otherwise, it shall
       return EOF, shall set an error indicator for  the  stream,  and  errno  shall  be  set  to
       indicate the error.

ERRORS

       Refer to fputc().

       The following sections are informative.

EXAMPLES

   Printing to Standard Output
       The following example gets the current time, converts it to a string using localtime() and
       asctime(), and prints it to standard output using puts().  It then prints  the  number  of
       minutes to an event for which it is waiting.

           #include <time.h>
           #include <stdio.h>
           ...
           time_t now;
           int minutes_to_event;
           ...
           time(&now);
           printf("The time is ");
           puts(asctime(localtime(&now)));
           printf("There are %d minutes to the event.\n",
               minutes_to_event);
           ...

APPLICATION USAGE

       The puts() function appends a <newline>, while fputs() does not.

       This  volume  of  POSIX.1‐2008  requires  that  successful completion simply return a non-
       negative integer. There are at least three known different implementation conventions  for
       this requirement:

        *  Return a constant value.

        *  Return the last character written.

        *  Return the number of bytes written. Note that this implementation convention cannot be
           adhered to for strings  longer  than  {INT_MAX}  bytes  as  the  value  would  not  be
           representable  in  the  return  type  of  the  function.  For backwards compatibility,
           implementations can return the number of bytes for strings of up to  {INT_MAX}  bytes,
           and return {INT_MAX} for all longer strings.

RATIONALE

       None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

       None.

SEE ALSO

       Section 2.5, Standard I/O Streams, fopen(), fputs(), putc()

       The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, <stdio.h>

COPYRIGHT

       Portions  of  this  text  are  reprinted  and  reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std
       1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology  --  Portable  Operating  System
       Interface  (POSIX),  The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the
       Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc  and  The  Open  Group.   (This  is
       POSIX.1-2008  with  the  2013  Technical  Corrigendum  1  applied.)  In  the  event of any
       discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open  Group  Standard,  the
       original  IEEE  and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard
       can be obtained online at http://www.unix.org/online.html .

       Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are most  likely  to  have
       been  introduced  during  the conversion of the source files to man page format. To report
       such errors, see https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .