Provided by: ncurses-bin_6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1_amd64 bug

NAME

       terminfo - terminal capability data base

SYNOPSIS

       /etc/terminfo/*/*

DESCRIPTION

       Terminfo  is  a  data  base describing terminals, used by screen-oriented programs such as
       nvi(1), rogue(1) and libraries such as ncurses(3NCURSES).  Terminfo describes terminals by
       giving  a  set  of  capabilities  which  they  have,  by  specifying how to perform screen
       operations, and by specifying padding requirements  and  initialization  sequences.   This
       describes ncurses version 6.0 (patch 20160213).

       Entries  in terminfo consist of a sequence of `,' separated fields (embedded commas may be
       escaped with a backslash or notated as \054).  White space  after  the  `,'  separator  is
       ignored.   The  first  entry  for  each  terminal  gives the names which are known for the
       terminal, separated  by  `|'  characters.   The  first  name  given  is  the  most  common
       abbreviation for the terminal, the last name given should be a long name fully identifying
       the terminal, and all others are understood as synonyms for the terminal name.  All  names
       but the last should be in lower case and contain no blanks; the last name may well contain
       upper case and blanks for readability.

       Lines beginning with a `#' in the first column are treated  as  comments.   While  comment
       lines are legal at any point, the output of captoinfo and infotocap (aliases for tic) will
       move comments so they occur only between entries.

       Newlines and leading tabs may be used for formatting entries for readability.   These  are
       removed  from parsed entries.  The infocmp -f option relies on this to format if-then-else
       expressions: the result can be read by tic.

       Terminal names (except for the last, verbose entry) should be chosen using  the  following
       conventions.   The  particular piece of hardware making up the terminal should have a root
       name, thus “hp2621”.  This name should not contain hyphens.  Modes that the  hardware  can
       be  in,  or user preferences, should be indicated by appending a hyphen and a mode suffix.
       Thus, a vt100 in 132 column mode would be vt100-w.  The following suffixes should be  used
       where possible:

                      Suffix                  Meaning                   Example
                      -nn      Number of lines on the screen            aaa-60
                      -np      Number of pages of memory                c100-4p
                      -am      With automargins (usually the default)   vt100-am
                      -m       Mono mode; suppress color                ansi-m
                      -mc      Magic cookie; spaces when highlighting   wy30-mc
                      -na      No arrow keys (leave them in local)      c100-na
                      -nam     Without automatic margins                vt100-nam
                      -nl      No status line                           att4415-nl
                      -ns      No status line                           hp2626-ns
                      -rv      Reverse video                            c100-rv
                      -s       Enable status line                       vt100-s
                      -vb      Use visible bell instead of beep         wy370-vb
                      -w       Wide mode (> 80 columns, usually 132)    vt100-w

       For more on terminal naming conventions, see the term(7) manual page.

   Predefined Capabilities
       The  following  is a complete table of the capabilities included in a terminfo description
       block and available to terminfo-using code.  In each line of the table,

       The variable is the name by which the programmer (at  the  terminfo  level)  accesses  the
       capability.

       The  capname  is  the short name used in the text of the database, and is used by a person
       updating the database.  Whenever possible, capnames are  chosen  to  be  the  same  as  or
       similar  to  the ANSI X3.64-1979 standard (now superseded by ECMA-48, which uses identical
       or very similar names).  Semantics are also intended to match those of the specification.

       The termcap code is the old termcap capability name (some capabilities are new,  and  have
       names which termcap did not originate).

       Capability names have no hard length limit, but an informal limit of 5 characters has been
       adopted to keep them short and to allow the tabs in  the  source  file  Caps  to  line  up
       nicely.

       Finally,  the  description  field attempts to convey the semantics of the capability.  You
       may find some codes in the description field:

       (P)    indicates that padding may be specified

       #[1-9] in the description field indicates that the string is  passed  through  tparm  with
              parms as given (#i).

       (P*)   indicates that padding may vary in proportion to the number of lines affected

       (#i)   indicates the ith parameter.

       These are the boolean capabilities:

               Variable                     Cap-             TCap                Description
               Booleans                     name             Code
       auto_left_margin                     bw               bw              cub1 wraps from
                                                                             column 0 to last
                                                                             column
       auto_right_margin                    am               am              terminal has
                                                                             automatic margins
       back_color_erase                     bce              ut              screen erased with
                                                                             background color
       can_change                           ccc              cc              terminal can re-
                                                                             define existing
                                                                             colors
       ceol_standout_glitch                 xhp              xs              standout not erased
                                                                             by overwriting (hp)
       col_addr_glitch                      xhpa             YA              only positive motion
                                                                             for hpa/mhpa caps
       cpi_changes_res                      cpix             YF              changing character
                                                                             pitch changes
                                                                             resolution
       cr_cancels_micro_mode                crxm             YB              using cr turns off
                                                                             micro mode
       dest_tabs_magic_smso                 xt               xt              tabs destructive,
                                                                             magic so char
                                                                             (t1061)
       eat_newline_glitch                   xenl             xn              newline ignored
                                                                             after 80 cols
                                                                             (concept)
       erase_overstrike                     eo               eo              can erase
                                                                             overstrikes with a
                                                                             blank
       generic_type                         gn               gn              generic line type
       hard_copy                            hc               hc              hardcopy terminal
       hard_cursor                          chts             HC              cursor is hard to
                                                                             see
       has_meta_key                         km               km              Has a meta key
                                                                             (i.e., sets 8th-bit)

       has_print_wheel                      daisy            YC              printer needs
                                                                             operator to change
                                                                             character set
       has_status_line                      hs               hs              has extra status
                                                                             line
       hue_lightness_saturation             hls              hl              terminal uses only
                                                                             HLS color notation
                                                                             (Tektronix)
       insert_null_glitch                   in               in              insert mode
                                                                             distinguishes nulls
       lpi_changes_res                      lpix             YG              changing line pitch
                                                                             changes resolution
       memory_above                         da               da              display may be
                                                                             retained above the
                                                                             screen
       memory_below                         db               db              display may be
                                                                             retained below the
                                                                             screen
       move_insert_mode                     mir              mi              safe to move while
                                                                             in insert mode
       move_standout_mode                   msgr             ms              safe to move while
                                                                             in standout mode
       needs_xon_xoff                       nxon             nx              padding will not
                                                                             work, xon/xoff
                                                                             required
       no_esc_ctlc                          xsb              xb              beehive (f1=escape,
                                                                             f2=ctrl C)
       no_pad_char                          npc              NP              pad character does
                                                                             not exist
       non_dest_scroll_region               ndscr            ND              scrolling region is
                                                                             non-destructive
       non_rev_rmcup                        nrrmc            NR              smcup does not
                                                                             reverse rmcup
       over_strike                          os               os              terminal can
                                                                             overstrike
       prtr_silent                          mc5i             5i              printer will not
                                                                             echo on screen
       row_addr_glitch                      xvpa             YD              only positive motion
                                                                             for vpa/mvpa caps
       semi_auto_right_margin               sam              YE              printing in last
                                                                             column causes cr
       status_line_esc_ok                   eslok            es              escape can be used
                                                                             on the status line
       tilde_glitch                         hz               hz              cannot print ~'s
                                                                             (Hazeltine)
       transparent_underline                ul               ul              underline character
                                                                             overstrikes
       xon_xoff                             xon              xo              terminal uses
                                                                             xon/xoff handshaking

       These are the numeric capabilities:

               Variable                     Cap-             TCap                Description
                Numeric                     name             Code
       columns                              cols             co              number of columns in
                                                                             a line
       init_tabs                            it               it              tabs initially every
                                                                             # spaces
       label_height                         lh               lh              rows in each label
       label_width                          lw               lw              columns in each
                                                                             label
       lines                                lines            li              number of lines on
                                                                             screen or page

       lines_of_memory                      lm               lm              lines of memory if >
                                                                             line. 0 means varies
       magic_cookie_glitch                  xmc              sg              number of blank
                                                                             characters left by
                                                                             smso or rmso
       max_attributes                       ma               ma              maximum combined
                                                                             attributes terminal
                                                                             can handle
       max_colors                           colors           Co              maximum number of
                                                                             colors on screen
       max_pairs                            pairs            pa              maximum number of
                                                                             color-pairs on the
                                                                             screen
       maximum_windows                      wnum             MW              maximum number of
                                                                             definable windows
       no_color_video                       ncv              NC              video attributes
                                                                             that cannot be used
                                                                             with colors
       num_labels                           nlab             Nl              number of labels on
                                                                             screen
       padding_baud_rate                    pb               pb              lowest baud rate
                                                                             where padding needed
       virtual_terminal                     vt               vt              virtual terminal
                                                                             number (CB/unix)
       width_status_line                    wsl              ws              number of columns in
                                                                             status line

       The following numeric capabilities are present in the SVr4.0 term structure, but  are  not
       yet documented in the man page.  They came in with SVr4's printer support.

               Variable                     Cap-             TCap                Description
                Numeric                     name             Code
       bit_image_entwining                  bitwin           Yo              number of passes for
                                                                             each bit-image row
       bit_image_type                       bitype           Yp              type of bit-image
                                                                             device
       buffer_capacity                      bufsz            Ya              numbers of bytes
                                                                             buffered before
                                                                             printing
       buttons                              btns             BT              number of buttons on
                                                                             mouse
       dot_horz_spacing                     spinh            Yc              spacing of dots
                                                                             horizontally in dots
                                                                             per inch
       dot_vert_spacing                     spinv            Yb              spacing of pins
                                                                             vertically in pins
                                                                             per inch
       max_micro_address                    maddr            Yd              maximum value in
                                                                             micro_..._address
       max_micro_jump                       mjump            Ye              maximum value in
                                                                             parm_..._micro
       micro_col_size                       mcs              Yf              character step size
                                                                             when in micro mode
       micro_line_size                      mls              Yg              line step size when
                                                                             in micro mode
       number_of_pins                       npins            Yh              numbers of pins in
                                                                             print-head
       output_res_char                      orc              Yi              horizontal
                                                                             resolution in units
                                                                             per line
       output_res_horz_inch                 orhi             Yk              horizontal
                                                                             resolution in units
                                                                             per inch

       output_res_line                      orl              Yj              vertical resolution
                                                                             in units per line
       output_res_vert_inch                 orvi             Yl              vertical resolution
                                                                             in units per inch
       print_rate                           cps              Ym              print rate in
                                                                             characters per
                                                                             second
       wide_char_size                       widcs            Yn              character step size
                                                                             when in double wide
                                                                             mode

       These are the string capabilities:

               Variable                     Cap-             TCap                Description
                String                      name             Code
       acs_chars                            acsc             ac              graphics charset
                                                                             pairs, based on
                                                                             vt100
       back_tab                             cbt              bt              back tab (P)
       bell                                 bel              bl              audible signal
                                                                             (bell) (P)
       carriage_return                      cr               cr              carriage return (P*)
                                                                             (P*)
       change_char_pitch                    cpi              ZA              Change number of
                                                                             characters per inch
                                                                             to #1
       change_line_pitch                    lpi              ZB              Change number of
                                                                             lines per inch to #1
       change_res_horz                      chr              ZC              Change horizontal
                                                                             resolution to #1
       change_res_vert                      cvr              ZD              Change vertical
                                                                             resolution to #1
       change_scroll_region                 csr              cs              change region to
                                                                             line #1 to line #2
                                                                             (P)
       char_padding                         rmp              rP              like ip but when in
                                                                             insert mode
       clear_all_tabs                       tbc              ct              clear all tab stops
                                                                             (P)
       clear_margins                        mgc              MC              clear right and left
                                                                             soft margins
       clear_screen                         clear            cl              clear screen and
                                                                             home cursor (P*)
       clr_bol                              el1              cb              Clear to beginning
                                                                             of line
       clr_eol                              el               ce              clear to end of line
                                                                             (P)
       clr_eos                              ed               cd              clear to end of
                                                                             screen (P*)
       column_address                       hpa              ch              horizontal position
                                                                             #1, absolute (P)
       command_character                    cmdch            CC              terminal settable
                                                                             cmd character in
                                                                             prototype !?
       create_window                        cwin             CW              define a window #1
                                                                             from #2,#3 to #4,#5
       cursor_address                       cup              cm              move to row #1
                                                                             columns #2
       cursor_down                          cud1             do              down one line
       cursor_home                          home             ho              home cursor (if no
                                                                             cup)
       cursor_invisible                     civis            vi              make cursor
                                                                             invisible
       cursor_left                          cub1             le              move left one space

       cursor_mem_address                   mrcup            CM              memory relative
                                                                             cursor addressing,
                                                                             move to row #1
                                                                             columns #2
       cursor_normal                        cnorm            ve              make cursor appear
                                                                             normal (undo
                                                                             civis/cvvis)
       cursor_right                         cuf1             nd              non-destructive
                                                                             space (move right
                                                                             one space)
       cursor_to_ll                         ll               ll              last line, first
                                                                             column (if no cup)
       cursor_up                            cuu1             up              up one line
       cursor_visible                       cvvis            vs              make cursor very
                                                                             visible
       define_char                          defc             ZE              Define a character
                                                                             #1, #2 dots wide,
                                                                             descender #3
       delete_character                     dch1             dc              delete character
                                                                             (P*)
       delete_line                          dl1              dl              delete line (P*)
       dial_phone                           dial             DI              dial number #1
       dis_status_line                      dsl              ds              disable status line
       display_clock                        dclk             DK              display clock
       down_half_line                       hd               hd              half a line down
       ena_acs                              enacs            eA              enable alternate
                                                                             char set
       enter_alt_charset_mode               smacs            as              start alternate
                                                                             character set (P)
       enter_am_mode                        smam             SA              turn on automatic
                                                                             margins
       enter_blink_mode                     blink            mb              turn on blinking
       enter_bold_mode                      bold             md              turn on bold (extra
                                                                             bright) mode
       enter_ca_mode                        smcup            ti              string to start
                                                                             programs using cup
       enter_delete_mode                    smdc             dm              enter delete mode
       enter_dim_mode                       dim              mh              turn on half-bright
                                                                             mode
       enter_doublewide_mode                swidm            ZF              Enter double-wide
                                                                             mode
       enter_draft_quality                  sdrfq            ZG              Enter draft-quality
                                                                             mode
       enter_insert_mode                    smir             im              enter insert mode
       enter_italics_mode                   sitm             ZH              Enter italic mode
       enter_leftward_mode                  slm              ZI              Start leftward
                                                                             carriage motion
       enter_micro_mode                     smicm            ZJ              Start micro-motion
                                                                             mode
       enter_near_letter_quality            snlq             ZK              Enter NLQ mode
       enter_normal_quality                 snrmq            ZL              Enter normal-quality
                                                                             mode
       enter_protected_mode                 prot             mp              turn on protected
                                                                             mode
       enter_reverse_mode                   rev              mr              turn on reverse
                                                                             video mode
       enter_secure_mode                    invis            mk              turn on blank mode
                                                                             (characters
                                                                             invisible)
       enter_shadow_mode                    sshm             ZM              Enter shadow-print
                                                                             mode
       enter_standout_mode                  smso             so              begin standout mode
       enter_subscript_mode                 ssubm            ZN              Enter subscript mode
       enter_superscript_mode               ssupm            ZO              Enter superscript
                                                                             mode

       enter_underline_mode                 smul             us              begin underline mode
       enter_upward_mode                    sum              ZP              Start upward
                                                                             carriage motion
       enter_xon_mode                       smxon            SX              turn on xon/xoff
                                                                             handshaking
       erase_chars                          ech              ec              erase #1 characters
                                                                             (P)
       exit_alt_charset_mode                rmacs            ae              end alternate
                                                                             character set (P)
       exit_am_mode                         rmam             RA              turn off automatic
                                                                             margins
       exit_attribute_mode                  sgr0             me              turn off all
                                                                             attributes
       exit_ca_mode                         rmcup            te              strings to end
                                                                             programs using cup
       exit_delete_mode                     rmdc             ed              end delete mode
       exit_doublewide_mode                 rwidm            ZQ              End double-wide mode
       exit_insert_mode                     rmir             ei              exit insert mode
       exit_italics_mode                    ritm             ZR              End italic mode
       exit_leftward_mode                   rlm              ZS              End left-motion mode
       exit_micro_mode                      rmicm            ZT              End micro-motion
                                                                             mode
       exit_shadow_mode                     rshm             ZU              End shadow-print
                                                                             mode
       exit_standout_mode                   rmso             se              exit standout mode
       exit_subscript_mode                  rsubm            ZV              End subscript mode
       exit_superscript_mode                rsupm            ZW              End superscript mode
       exit_underline_mode                  rmul             ue              exit underline mode
       exit_upward_mode                     rum              ZX              End reverse
                                                                             character motion
       exit_xon_mode                        rmxon            RX              turn off xon/xoff
                                                                             handshaking
       fixed_pause                          pause            PA              pause for 2-3
                                                                             seconds
       flash_hook                           hook             fh              flash switch hook
       flash_screen                         flash            vb              visible bell (may
                                                                             not move cursor)
       form_feed                            ff               ff              hardcopy terminal
                                                                             page eject (P*)
       from_status_line                     fsl              fs              return from status
                                                                             line
       goto_window                          wingo            WG              go to window #1
       hangup                               hup              HU              hang-up phone
       init_1string                         is1              i1              initialization
                                                                             string
       init_2string                         is2              is              initialization
                                                                             string
       init_3string                         is3              i3              initialization
                                                                             string
       init_file                            if               if              name of
                                                                             initialization file
       init_prog                            iprog            iP              path name of program
                                                                             for initialization
       initialize_color                     initc            Ic              initialize color #1
                                                                             to (#2,#3,#4)
       initialize_pair                      initp            Ip              Initialize color
                                                                             pair #1 to
                                                                             fg=(#2,#3,#4),
                                                                             bg=(#5,#6,#7)
       insert_character                     ich1             ic              insert character (P)
       insert_line                          il1              al              insert line (P*)
       insert_padding                       ip               ip              insert padding after
                                                                             inserted character
       key_a1                               ka1              K1              upper left of keypad

       key_a3                               ka3              K3              upper right of
                                                                             keypad
       key_b2                               kb2              K2              center of keypad
       key_backspace                        kbs              kb              backspace key
       key_beg                              kbeg             @1              begin key
       key_btab                             kcbt             kB              back-tab key
       key_c1                               kc1              K4              lower left of keypad
       key_c3                               kc3              K5              lower right of
                                                                             keypad
       key_cancel                           kcan             @2              cancel key
       key_catab                            ktbc             ka              clear-all-tabs key
       key_clear                            kclr             kC              clear-screen or
                                                                             erase key
       key_close                            kclo             @3              close key
       key_command                          kcmd             @4              command key
       key_copy                             kcpy             @5              copy key
       key_create                           kcrt             @6              create key
       key_ctab                             kctab            kt              clear-tab key
       key_dc                               kdch1            kD              delete-character key
       key_dl                               kdl1             kL              delete-line key
       key_down                             kcud1            kd              down-arrow key
       key_eic                              krmir            kM              sent by rmir or smir
                                                                             in insert mode
       key_end                              kend             @7              end key
       key_enter                            kent             @8              enter/send key
       key_eol                              kel              kE              clear-to-end-of-line
                                                                             key
       key_eos                              ked              kS              clear-to-end-of-
                                                                             screen key
       key_exit                             kext             @9              exit key
       key_f0                               kf0              k0              F0 function key
       key_f1                               kf1              k1              F1 function key
       key_f10                              kf10             k;              F10 function key
       key_f11                              kf11             F1              F11 function key
       key_f12                              kf12             F2              F12 function key
       key_f13                              kf13             F3              F13 function key
       key_f14                              kf14             F4              F14 function key
       key_f15                              kf15             F5              F15 function key
       key_f16                              kf16             F6              F16 function key
       key_f17                              kf17             F7              F17 function key
       key_f18                              kf18             F8              F18 function key
       key_f19                              kf19             F9              F19 function key
       key_f2                               kf2              k2              F2 function key
       key_f20                              kf20             FA              F20 function key
       key_f21                              kf21             FB              F21 function key
       key_f22                              kf22             FC              F22 function key
       key_f23                              kf23             FD              F23 function key
       key_f24                              kf24             FE              F24 function key
       key_f25                              kf25             FF              F25 function key
       key_f26                              kf26             FG              F26 function key
       key_f27                              kf27             FH              F27 function key
       key_f28                              kf28             FI              F28 function key
       key_f29                              kf29             FJ              F29 function key
       key_f3                               kf3              k3              F3 function key
       key_f30                              kf30             FK              F30 function key
       key_f31                              kf31             FL              F31 function key
       key_f32                              kf32             FM              F32 function key
       key_f33                              kf33             FN              F33 function key
       key_f34                              kf34             FO              F34 function key
       key_f35                              kf35             FP              F35 function key
       key_f36                              kf36             FQ              F36 function key
       key_f37                              kf37             FR              F37 function key
       key_f38                              kf38             FS              F38 function key
       key_f39                              kf39             FT              F39 function key
       key_f4                               kf4              k4              F4 function key

       key_f40                              kf40             FU              F40 function key
       key_f41                              kf41             FV              F41 function key
       key_f42                              kf42             FW              F42 function key
       key_f43                              kf43             FX              F43 function key
       key_f44                              kf44             FY              F44 function key
       key_f45                              kf45             FZ              F45 function key
       key_f46                              kf46             Fa              F46 function key
       key_f47                              kf47             Fb              F47 function key
       key_f48                              kf48             Fc              F48 function key
       key_f49                              kf49             Fd              F49 function key
       key_f5                               kf5              k5              F5 function key
       key_f50                              kf50             Fe              F50 function key
       key_f51                              kf51             Ff              F51 function key
       key_f52                              kf52             Fg              F52 function key
       key_f53                              kf53             Fh              F53 function key
       key_f54                              kf54             Fi              F54 function key
       key_f55                              kf55             Fj              F55 function key
       key_f56                              kf56             Fk              F56 function key
       key_f57                              kf57             Fl              F57 function key
       key_f58                              kf58             Fm              F58 function key
       key_f59                              kf59             Fn              F59 function key
       key_f6                               kf6              k6              F6 function key
       key_f60                              kf60             Fo              F60 function key
       key_f61                              kf61             Fp              F61 function key
       key_f62                              kf62             Fq              F62 function key
       key_f63                              kf63             Fr              F63 function key
       key_f7                               kf7              k7              F7 function key
       key_f8                               kf8              k8              F8 function key
       key_f9                               kf9              k9              F9 function key
       key_find                             kfnd             @0              find key
       key_help                             khlp             %1              help key
       key_home                             khome            kh              home key
       key_ic                               kich1            kI              insert-character key
       key_il                               kil1             kA              insert-line key
       key_left                             kcub1            kl              left-arrow key
       key_ll                               kll              kH              lower-left key (home
                                                                             down)
       key_mark                             kmrk             %2              mark key
       key_message                          kmsg             %3              message key
       key_move                             kmov             %4              move key
       key_next                             knxt             %5              next key
       key_npage                            knp              kN              next-page key
       key_open                             kopn             %6              open key
       key_options                          kopt             %7              options key
       key_ppage                            kpp              kP              previous-page key
       key_previous                         kprv             %8              previous key
       key_print                            kprt             %9              print key
       key_redo                             krdo             %0              redo key
       key_reference                        kref             &1              reference key
       key_refresh                          krfr             &2              refresh key
       key_replace                          krpl             &3              replace key
       key_restart                          krst             &4              restart key
       key_resume                           kres             &5              resume key
       key_right                            kcuf1            kr              right-arrow key
       key_save                             ksav             &6              save key
       key_sbeg                             kBEG             &9              shifted begin key
       key_scancel                          kCAN             &0              shifted cancel key
       key_scommand                         kCMD             *1              shifted command key
       key_scopy                            kCPY             *2              shifted copy key
       key_screate                          kCRT             *3              shifted create key
       key_sdc                              kDC              *4              shifted delete-
                                                                             character key
       key_sdl                              kDL              *5              shifted delete-line
                                                                             key
       key_select                           kslt             *6              select key

       key_send                             kEND             *7              shifted end key
       key_seol                             kEOL             *8              shifted clear-to-
                                                                             end-of-line key
       key_sexit                            kEXT             *9              shifted exit key
       key_sf                               kind             kF              scroll-forward key
       key_sfind                            kFND             *0              shifted find key
       key_shelp                            kHLP             #1              shifted help key
       key_shome                            kHOM             #2              shifted home key
       key_sic                              kIC              #3              shifted insert-
                                                                             character key
       key_sleft                            kLFT             #4              shifted left-arrow
                                                                             key
       key_smessage                         kMSG             %a              shifted message key
       key_smove                            kMOV             %b              shifted move key
       key_snext                            kNXT             %c              shifted next key
       key_soptions                         kOPT             %d              shifted options key
       key_sprevious                        kPRV             %e              shifted previous key
       key_sprint                           kPRT             %f              shifted print key
       key_sr                               kri              kR              scroll-backward key
       key_sredo                            kRDO             %g              shifted redo key
       key_sreplace                         kRPL             %h              shifted replace key
       key_sright                           kRIT             %i              shifted right-arrow
                                                                             key
       key_srsume                           kRES             %j              shifted resume key
       key_ssave                            kSAV             !1              shifted save key
       key_ssuspend                         kSPD             !2              shifted suspend key
       key_stab                             khts             kT              set-tab key
       key_sundo                            kUND             !3              shifted undo key
       key_suspend                          kspd             &7              suspend key
       key_undo                             kund             &8              undo key
       key_up                               kcuu1            ku              up-arrow key
       keypad_local                         rmkx             ke              leave
                                                                             'keyboard_transmit'
                                                                             mode
       keypad_xmit                          smkx             ks              enter
                                                                             'keyboard_transmit'
                                                                             mode
       lab_f0                               lf0              l0              label on function
                                                                             key f0 if not f0
       lab_f1                               lf1              l1              label on function
                                                                             key f1 if not f1
       lab_f10                              lf10             la              label on function
                                                                             key f10 if not f10
       lab_f2                               lf2              l2              label on function
                                                                             key f2 if not f2
       lab_f3                               lf3              l3              label on function
                                                                             key f3 if not f3
       lab_f4                               lf4              l4              label on function
                                                                             key f4 if not f4
       lab_f5                               lf5              l5              label on function
                                                                             key f5 if not f5
       lab_f6                               lf6              l6              label on function
                                                                             key f6 if not f6
       lab_f7                               lf7              l7              label on function
                                                                             key f7 if not f7
       lab_f8                               lf8              l8              label on function
                                                                             key f8 if not f8
       lab_f9                               lf9              l9              label on function
                                                                             key f9 if not f9
       label_format                         fln              Lf              label format
       label_off                            rmln             LF              turn off soft labels
       label_on                             smln             LO              turn on soft labels
       meta_off                             rmm              mo              turn off meta mode
       meta_on                              smm              mm              turn on meta mode
                                                                             (8th-bit on)

       micro_column_address                 mhpa             ZY              Like column_address
                                                                             in micro mode
       micro_down                           mcud1            ZZ              Like cursor_down in
                                                                             micro mode
       micro_left                           mcub1            Za              Like cursor_left in
                                                                             micro mode
       micro_right                          mcuf1            Zb              Like cursor_right in
                                                                             micro mode
       micro_row_address                    mvpa             Zc              Like row_address #1
                                                                             in micro mode
       micro_up                             mcuu1            Zd              Like cursor_up in
                                                                             micro mode
       newline                              nel              nw              newline (behave like
                                                                             cr followed by lf)
       order_of_pins                        porder           Ze              Match software bits
                                                                             to print-head pins
       orig_colors                          oc               oc              Set all color pairs
                                                                             to the original ones
       orig_pair                            op               op              Set default pair to
                                                                             its original value
       pad_char                             pad              pc              padding char
                                                                             (instead of null)
       parm_dch                             dch              DC              delete #1 characters
                                                                             (P*)
       parm_delete_line                     dl               DL              delete #1 lines (P*)
       parm_down_cursor                     cud              DO              down #1 lines (P*)
       parm_down_micro                      mcud             Zf              Like
                                                                             parm_down_cursor in
                                                                             micro mode
       parm_ich                             ich              IC              insert #1 characters
                                                                             (P*)
       parm_index                           indn             SF              scroll forward #1
                                                                             lines (P)
       parm_insert_line                     il               AL              insert #1 lines (P*)
       parm_left_cursor                     cub              LE              move #1 characters
                                                                             to the left (P)
       parm_left_micro                      mcub             Zg              Like
                                                                             parm_left_cursor in
                                                                             micro mode
       parm_right_cursor                    cuf              RI              move #1 characters
                                                                             to the right (P*)
       parm_right_micro                     mcuf             Zh              Like
                                                                             parm_right_cursor in
                                                                             micro mode
       parm_rindex                          rin              SR              scroll back #1 lines
                                                                             (P)
       parm_up_cursor                       cuu              UP              up #1 lines (P*)
       parm_up_micro                        mcuu             Zi              Like parm_up_cursor
                                                                             in micro mode
       pkey_key                             pfkey            pk              program function key
                                                                             #1 to type string #2
       pkey_local                           pfloc            pl              program function key
                                                                             #1 to execute string
                                                                             #2
       pkey_xmit                            pfx              px              program function key
                                                                             #1 to transmit
                                                                             string #2
       plab_norm                            pln              pn              program label #1 to
                                                                             show string #2
       print_screen                         mc0              ps              print contents of
                                                                             screen
       prtr_non                             mc5p             pO              turn on printer for
                                                                             #1 bytes
       prtr_off                             mc4              pf              turn off printer
       prtr_on                              mc5              po              turn on printer

       pulse                                pulse            PU              select pulse dialing
       quick_dial                           qdial            QD              dial number #1
                                                                             without checking
       remove_clock                         rmclk            RC              remove clock
       repeat_char                          rep              rp              repeat char #1 #2
                                                                             times (P*)
       req_for_input                        rfi              RF              send next input char
                                                                             (for ptys)
       reset_1string                        rs1              r1              reset string
       reset_2string                        rs2              r2              reset string
       reset_3string                        rs3              r3              reset string
       reset_file                           rf               rf              name of reset file
       restore_cursor                       rc               rc              restore cursor to
                                                                             position of last
                                                                             save_cursor
       row_address                          vpa              cv              vertical position #1
                                                                             absolute (P)
       save_cursor                          sc               sc              save current cursor
                                                                             position (P)
       scroll_forward                       ind              sf              scroll text up (P)
       scroll_reverse                       ri               sr              scroll text down (P)
       select_char_set                      scs              Zj              Select character
                                                                             set, #1
       set_attributes                       sgr              sa              define video
                                                                             attributes #1-#9
                                                                             (PG9)
       set_background                       setb             Sb              Set background color
                                                                             #1
       set_bottom_margin                    smgb             Zk              Set bottom margin at
                                                                             current line
       set_bottom_margin_parm               smgbp            Zl              Set bottom margin at
                                                                             line #1 or (if smgtp
                                                                             is not given) #2
                                                                             lines from bottom
       set_clock                            sclk             SC              set clock, #1 hrs #2
                                                                             mins #3 secs
       set_color_pair                       scp              sp              Set current color
                                                                             pair to #1
       set_foreground                       setf             Sf              Set foreground color
                                                                             #1
       set_left_margin                      smgl             ML              set left soft margin
                                                                             at current
                                                                             column.      See
                                                                             smgl. (ML is not in
                                                                             BSD termcap).
       set_left_margin_parm                 smglp            Zm              Set left (right)
                                                                             margin at column #1
       set_right_margin                     smgr             MR              set right soft
                                                                             margin at current
                                                                             column
       set_right_margin_parm                smgrp            Zn              Set right margin at
                                                                             column #1
       set_tab                              hts              st              set a tab in every
                                                                             row, current columns
       set_top_margin                       smgt             Zo              Set top margin at
                                                                             current line
       set_top_margin_parm                  smgtp            Zp              Set top (bottom)
                                                                             margin at row #1
       set_window                           wind             wi              current window is
                                                                             lines #1-#2 cols
                                                                             #3-#4
       start_bit_image                      sbim             Zq              Start printing bit
                                                                             image graphics

       start_char_set_def                   scsd             Zr              Start character set
                                                                             definition #1, with
                                                                             #2 characters in the
                                                                             set
       stop_bit_image                       rbim             Zs              Stop printing bit
                                                                             image graphics
       stop_char_set_def                    rcsd             Zt              End definition of
                                                                             character set #1
       subscript_characters                 subcs            Zu              List of
                                                                             subscriptable
                                                                             characters
       superscript_characters               supcs            Zv              List of
                                                                             superscriptable
                                                                             characters
       tab                                  ht               ta              tab to next 8-space
                                                                             hardware tab stop
       these_cause_cr                       docr             Zw              Printing any of
                                                                             these characters
                                                                             causes CR
       to_status_line                       tsl              ts              move to status line,
                                                                             column #1
       tone                                 tone             TO              select touch tone
                                                                             dialing
       underline_char                       uc               uc              underline char and
                                                                             move past it
       up_half_line                         hu               hu              half a line up
       user0                                u0               u0              User string #0
       user1                                u1               u1              User string #1
       user2                                u2               u2              User string #2
       user3                                u3               u3              User string #3
       user4                                u4               u4              User string #4
       user5                                u5               u5              User string #5
       user6                                u6               u6              User string #6
       user7                                u7               u7              User string #7
       user8                                u8               u8              User string #8
       user9                                u9               u9              User string #9
       wait_tone                            wait             WA              wait for dial-tone
       xoff_character                       xoffc            XF              XOFF character
       xon_character                        xonc             XN              XON character
       zero_motion                          zerom            Zx              No motion for
                                                                             subsequent character

       The  following  string  capabilities  are  present  in the SVr4.0 term structure, but were
       originally not documented in the man page.

               Variable                     Cap-               TCap               Description
                String                      name               Code
       alt_scancode_esc                     scesa              S8              Alternate escape
                                                                               for scancode
                                                                               emulation
       bit_image_carriage_return            bicr               Yv              Move to beginning
                                                                               of same row
       bit_image_newline                    binel              Zz              Move to next row
                                                                               of the bit image
       bit_image_repeat                     birep              Xy              Repeat bit image
                                                                               cell #1 #2 times
       char_set_names                       csnm               Zy              Produce #1'th item
                                                                               from list of
                                                                               character set
                                                                               names
       code_set_init                        csin               ci              Init sequence for
                                                                               multiple codesets
       color_names                          colornm            Yw              Give name for
                                                                               color #1

       define_bit_image_region              defbi              Yx              Define rectangular
                                                                               bit image region
       device_type                          devt               dv              Indicate
                                                                               language/codeset
                                                                               support
       display_pc_char                      dispc              S1              Display PC
                                                                               character #1
       end_bit_image_region                 endbi              Yy              End a bit-image
                                                                               region
       enter_pc_charset_mode                smpch              S2              Enter PC character
                                                                               display mode
       enter_scancode_mode                  smsc               S4              Enter PC scancode
                                                                               mode
       exit_pc_charset_mode                 rmpch              S3              Exit PC character
                                                                               display mode
       exit_scancode_mode                   rmsc               S5              Exit PC scancode
                                                                               mode
       get_mouse                            getm               Gm              Curses should get
                                                                               button events,
                                                                               parameter #1 not
                                                                               documented.
       key_mouse                            kmous              Km              Mouse event has
                                                                               occurred
       mouse_info                           minfo              Mi              Mouse status
                                                                               information
       pc_term_options                      pctrm              S6              PC terminal
                                                                               options
       pkey_plab                            pfxl               xl              Program function
                                                                               key #1 to type
                                                                               string #2 and show
                                                                               string #3
       req_mouse_pos                        reqmp              RQ              Request mouse
                                                                               position
       scancode_escape                      scesc              S7              Escape for
                                                                               scancode emulation
       set0_des_seq                         s0ds               s0              Shift to codeset 0
                                                                               (EUC set 0, ASCII)
       set1_des_seq                         s1ds               s1              Shift to codeset 1
       set2_des_seq                         s2ds               s2              Shift to codeset 2
       set3_des_seq                         s3ds               s3              Shift to codeset 3
       set_a_background                     setab              AB              Set background
                                                                               color to #1, using
                                                                               ANSI escape
       set_a_foreground                     setaf              AF              Set foreground
                                                                               color to #1, using
                                                                               ANSI escape
       set_color_band                       setcolor           Yz              Change to ribbon
                                                                               color #1
       set_lr_margin                        smglr              ML              Set both left and
                                                                               right margins to
                                                                               #1, #2.  (ML is
                                                                               not in BSD
                                                                               termcap).
       set_page_length                      slines             YZ              Set page length to
                                                                               #1 lines
       set_tb_margin                        smgtb              MT              Sets both top and
                                                                               bottom margins to
                                                                               #1, #2

        The  XSI  Curses  standard  added  these  hardcopy  capabilities.  They were used in some
        post-4.1 versions of System V curses, e.g., Solaris 2.5 and IRIX 6.x.  Except for YI, the
        ncurses  termcap names for them are invented.  According to the XSI Curses standard, they
        have no termcap names.  If your compiled terminfo entries use  these,  they  may  not  be
        binary-compatible with System V terminfo entries after SVr4.1; beware!

                Variable                    Cap-              TCap               Description
                 String                     name              Code
        enter_horizontal_hl_mode            ehhlm             Xh             Enter horizontal
                                                                             highlight mode
        enter_left_hl_mode                  elhlm             Xl             Enter left highlight
                                                                             mode
        enter_low_hl_mode                   elohlm            Xo             Enter low highlight
                                                                             mode
        enter_right_hl_mode                 erhlm             Xr             Enter right
                                                                             highlight mode
        enter_top_hl_mode                   ethlm             Xt             Enter top highlight
                                                                             mode
        enter_vertical_hl_mode              evhlm             Xv             Enter vertical
                                                                             highlight mode
        set_a_attributes                    sgr1              sA             Define second set of
                                                                             video attributes
                                                                             #1-#6
        set_pglen_inch                      slength           YI             Set page length to
                                                                             #1 hundredth of an
                                                                             inch (some
                                                                             implementations use
                                                                             sL for termcap).

   User-Defined Capabilities
       The  preceding  section  listed  the predefined capabilities.  They deal with some special
       features for terminals no longer (or possibly never)  produced.   Occasionally  there  are
       special  features  of  newer  terminals  which  are  awkward or impossible to represent by
       reusing the predefined capabilities.

       ncurses addresses this limitation by allowing  user-defined  capabilities.   The  tic  and
       infocmp  programs  provide  the  -x  option  for this purpose.  When -x is set, tic treats
       unknown capabilities as user-defined.  That is, if tic encounters a capability name  which
       it  does not recognize, it infers its type (boolean, number or string) from the syntax and
       makes an extended table entry for that capability.  The use_extended_names function  makes
       this  information  conditionally  available to applications.  The ncurses library provides
       the data leaving most of the behavior to applications:

       •   User-defined capability strings whose name begins with “k”  are  treated  as  function
           keys.

       •   The  types  (boolean,  number, string) determined by tic can be inferred by successful
           calls on tigetflag, etc.

       •   If the capability name happens to be two characters, the capability is also  available
           through the termcap interface.

       While  termcap  is  said  to  be  extensible  because  it does not use a predefined set of
       capabilities, in practice it has been limited to  the  capabilities  defined  by  terminfo
       implementations.   As  a  rule,  user-defined  capabilities  intended  for  use by termcap
       applications should be limited to booleans and numbers to avoid running past the 1023 byte
       limit assumed by termcap implementations and their applications.  In particular, providing
       extended sets of function keys (past the 60 numbered keys and the handful of special named
       keys) is best done using the longer names available using terminfo.

   A Sample Entry
       The  following  entry,  describing  an ANSI-standard terminal, is representative of what a
       terminfo entry for a modern terminal typically looks like.

       ansi|ansi/pc-term compatible with color,
               am, mc5i, mir, msgr,
               colors#8, cols#80, it#8, lines#24, ncv#3, pairs#64,
               acsc=+\020\,\021-\030.^Y0\333`\004a\261f\370g\361h\260
                    j\331k\277l\332m\300n\305o~p\304q\304r\304s_t\303
                    u\264v\301w\302x\263y\363z\362{\343|\330}\234~\376,
               bel=^G, blink=\E[5m, bold=\E[1m, cbt=\E[Z, clear=\E[H\E[J,
               cr=^M, cub=\E[%p1%dD, cub1=\E[D, cud=\E[%p1%dB, cud1=\E[B,
               cuf=\E[%p1%dC, cuf1=\E[C, cup=\E[%i%p1%d;%p2%dH,
               cuu=\E[%p1%dA, cuu1=\E[A, dch=\E[%p1%dP, dch1=\E[P,
               dl=\E[%p1%dM, dl1=\E[M, ech=\E[%p1%dX, ed=\E[J, el=\E[K,
               el1=\E[1K, home=\E[H, hpa=\E[%i%p1%dG, ht=\E[I, hts=\EH,
               ich=\E[%p1%d@, il=\E[%p1%dL, il1=\E[L, ind=^J,
               indn=\E[%p1%dS, invis=\E[8m, kbs=^H, kcbt=\E[Z, kcub1=\E[D,
               kcud1=\E[B, kcuf1=\E[C, kcuu1=\E[A, khome=\E[H, kich1=\E[L,
               mc4=\E[4i, mc5=\E[5i, nel=\r\E[S, op=\E[39;49m,
               rep=%p1%c\E[%p2%{1}%-%db, rev=\E[7m, rin=\E[%p1%dT,
               rmacs=\E[10m, rmpch=\E[10m, rmso=\E[m, rmul=\E[m,
               s0ds=\E(B, s1ds=\E)B, s2ds=\E*B, s3ds=\E+B,
               setab=\E[4%p1%dm, setaf=\E[3%p1%dm,
               sgr=\E[0;10%?%p1%t;7%;
                          %?%p2%t;4%;
                          %?%p3%t;7%;
                          %?%p4%t;5%;
                          %?%p6%t;1%;
                          %?%p7%t;8%;
                          %?%p9%t;11%;m,
               sgr0=\E[0;10m, smacs=\E[11m, smpch=\E[11m, smso=\E[7m,
               smul=\E[4m, tbc=\E[3g, u6=\E[%i%d;%dR, u7=\E[6n,
               u8=\E[?%[;0123456789]c, u9=\E[c, vpa=\E[%i%p1%dd,

       Entries may continue onto multiple lines by placing white space at the beginning  of  each
       line   except  the  first.   Comments  may  be  included  on  lines  beginning  with  “#”.
       Capabilities in terminfo are of three types:

       •   Boolean capabilities which indicate that the terminal has some particular feature,

       •   numeric capabilities giving the size of the terminal or the size of particular delays,
           and

       •   string  capabilities,  which  give  a sequence which can be used to perform particular
           terminal operations.

   Types of Capabilities
       All capabilities have names.  For instance, the fact  that  ANSI-standard  terminals  have
       automatic  margins  (i.e.,  an  automatic  return  and line-feed when the end of a line is
       reached) is indicated by the capability am.  Hence the description of  ansi  includes  am.
       Numeric  capabilities  are  followed by the character “#” and then a positive value.  Thus
       cols, which indicates the number of columns the terminal has, gives  the  value  “80”  for
       ansi.   Values for numeric capabilities may be specified in decimal, octal or hexadecimal,
       using the C programming language conventions (e.g., 255, 0377 and 0xff or 0xFF).

       Finally, string valued capabilities, such as el (clear to end of line sequence) are  given
       by the two-character code, an “=”, and then a string ending at the next following “,”.

       A  number  of  escape  sequences  are  provided in the string valued capabilities for easy
       encoding of characters there.  Both \E and \e map to an ESCAPE character,  ^x  maps  to  a
       control-x  for  any  appropriate x, and the sequences \n \l \r \t \b \f \s give a newline,
       line-feed, return, tab, backspace, form-feed, and space.  Other escapes include

       •   \^ for ^,

       •   \\ for \,

       •   \, for comma,

       •   \: for :,

       •   and \0 for null.

           \0 will produce \200, which does  not  terminate  a  string  but  behaves  as  a  null
           character on most terminals, providing CS7 is specified.  See stty(1).

           The reason for this quirk is to maintain binary compatibility of the compiled terminfo
           files with other  implementations,  e.g.,  the  SVr4  systems,  which  document  this.
           Compiled  terminfo files use null-terminated strings, with no lengths.  Modifying this
           would require a new binary format, which would not work with other implementations.

       Finally, characters may be given as three octal digits after a \.

       A delay in milliseconds may appear anywhere in a  string  capability,  enclosed  in  $<..>
       brackets,  as  in el=\EK$<5>, and padding characters are supplied by tputs to provide this
       delay.  The delay must be a number with at most one decimal place of precision; it may  be
       followed  by  suffixes  “*”  or “/” or both.  A “*” indicates that the padding required is
       proportional to the number of lines affected by the operation, and the amount given is the
       per-affected-unit padding required.  (In the case of insert character, the factor is still
       the number of lines affected.)  Normally, padding is advisory if the device  has  the  xon
       capability;  it  is  used  for cost computation but does not trigger delays.  A “/” suffix
       indicates that the padding is mandatory  and  forces  a  delay  of  the  given  number  of
       milliseconds even on devices for which xon is present to indicate flow control.

       Sometimes  individual capabilities must be commented out.  To do this, put a period before
       the capability name.  For example, see the second ind in the example above.

   Fetching Compiled Descriptions
       The ncurses library searches for terminal descriptions in several places.   It  uses  only
       the first description found.  The library has a compiled-in list of places to search which
       can be overridden by environment variables.  Before starting to search, ncurses eliminates
       duplicates in its search list.

       •   If  the  environment  variable TERMINFO is set, it is interpreted as the pathname of a
           directory containing the compiled description you are working on.  Only that directory
           is searched.

       •   If TERMINFO is not set, ncurses will instead look in the directory $HOME/.terminfo for
           a compiled description.

       •   Next, if the environment variable TERMINFO_DIRS is set,  ncurses  will  interpret  the
           contents of that variable as a list of colon-separated directories (or database files)
           to be searched.

           An empty directory name (i.e., if the  variable  begins  or  ends  with  a  colon,  or
           contains adjacent colons) is interpreted as the system location /etc/terminfo.

       •   Finally, ncurses searches these compiled-in locations:

           •   a list of directories (no default value), and

           •   the system terminfo directory, /etc/terminfo (the compiled-in default).

   Preparing Descriptions
       We  now  outline  how  to  prepare  descriptions  of terminals.  The most effective way to
       prepare a terminal description is by imitating the description of a  similar  terminal  in
       terminfo  and  to  build up a description gradually, using partial descriptions with vi or
       some other screen-oriented program to check that they are correct.  Be aware that  a  very
       unusual  terminal  may expose deficiencies in the ability of the terminfo file to describe
       it or bugs in the screen-handling code of the test program.

       To get the padding for insert line right (if the terminal manufacturer  did  not  document
       it)  a  severe  test  is to edit a large file at 9600 baud, delete 16 or so lines from the
       middle of the screen, then hit the “u” key several times quickly.  If the terminal  messes
       up, more padding is usually needed.  A similar test can be used for insert character.

   Basic Capabilities
       The  number  of  columns  on  each  line  for  the  terminal  is given by the cols numeric
       capability.  If the terminal is a CRT, then the number of lines on the screen is given  by
       the lines capability.  If the terminal wraps around to the beginning of the next line when
       it reaches the right margin, then it should have the am capability.  If the  terminal  can
       clear its screen, leaving the cursor in the home position, then this is given by the clear
       string capability.  If the terminal overstrikes (rather than clearing a  position  when  a
       character  is  struck  over)  then it should have the os capability.  If the terminal is a
       printing terminal, with no soft copy unit, give it both hc and os.  (os applies to storage
       scope  terminals,  such as TEKTRONIX 4010 series, as well as hard copy and APL terminals.)
       If there is a code to move the cursor to the left edge of the current row,  give  this  as
       cr.  (Normally this will be carriage return, control M.)  If there is a code to produce an
       audible signal (bell, beep, etc) give this as bel.

       If there is a code to move the cursor one position to the left (such  as  backspace)  that
       capability  should  be given as cub1.  Similarly, codes to move to the right, up, and down
       should be given as cuf1, cuu1, and cud1.  These local cursor motions should not alter  the
       text  they  pass  over, for example, you would not normally use “cuf1= ” because the space
       would erase the character moved over.

       A very important point here is that the local  cursor  motions  encoded  in  terminfo  are
       undefined  at  the left and top edges of a CRT terminal.  Programs should never attempt to
       backspace around the left edge, unless bw is given, and never attempt to go up locally off
       the  top.   In order to scroll text up, a program will go to the bottom left corner of the
       screen and send the ind (index) string.

       To scroll text down, a program goes to the top left corner of the screen and sends the  ri
       (reverse index) string.  The strings ind and ri are undefined when not on their respective
       corners of the screen.

       Parameterized versions of the scrolling sequences are indn and rin  which  have  the  same
       semantics  as  ind and ri except that they take one parameter, and scroll that many lines.
       They are also undefined except at the appropriate edge of the screen.

       The am capability tells whether the cursor sticks at the right edge  of  the  screen  when
       text  is  output, but this does not necessarily apply to a cuf1 from the last column.  The
       only local motion which is defined from the left edge is if bw is given, then a cub1  from
       the  left  edge  will move to the right edge of the previous row.  If bw is not given, the
       effect is undefined.  This is useful for drawing a box around the edge of the screen,  for
       example.   If  the  terminal  has  switch  selectable automatic margins, the terminfo file
       usually assumes that this is on; i.e., am.  If the terminal has a command which  moves  to
       the  first  column  of the next line, that command can be given as nel (newline).  It does
       not matter if the command clears the remainder of the current line, so if the terminal has
       no cr and lf it may still be possible to craft a working nel out of one or both of them.

       These  capabilities  suffice  to  describe  hard-copy and “glass-tty” terminals.  Thus the
       model 33 teletype is described as

       33|tty33|tty|model 33 teletype,
               bel=^G, cols#72, cr=^M, cud1=^J, hc, ind=^J, os,

       while the Lear Siegler ADM-3 is described as

       adm3|3|lsi adm3,
               am, bel=^G, clear=^Z, cols#80, cr=^M, cub1=^H, cud1=^J,
               ind=^J, lines#24,

   Parameterized Strings
       Cursor addressing and other strings requiring parameters in the terminal are described  by
       a  parameterized  string  capability,  with  printf-like  escapes  such  as %x in it.  For
       example, to address the cursor, the cup capability is given, using two parameters: the row
       and  column  to  address  to.   (Rows  and columns are numbered from zero and refer to the
       physical screen visible to the user, not to any  unseen  memory.)   If  the  terminal  has
       memory relative cursor addressing, that can be indicated by mrcup.

       The  parameter  mechanism  uses a stack and special % codes to manipulate it.  Typically a
       sequence will push one of the parameters onto the stack and then print it in some  format.
       Print  (e.g., "%d") is a special case.  Other operations, including "%t" pop their operand
       from the stack.  It is noted that more complex operations are often  necessary,  e.g.,  in
       the sgr string.

       The % encodings have the following meanings:

       %%   outputs “%”

       %[[:]flags][width[.precision]][doxXs]
            as in printf, flags are [-+#] and space.  Use a “:” to allow the next character to be
            a “-” flag, avoiding interpreting "%-" as an operator.

       %c   print pop() like %c in printf

       %s   print pop() like %s in printf

       %p[1-9]
            push i'th parameter

       %P[a-z]
            set dynamic variable [a-z] to pop()

       %g[a-z]/
            get dynamic variable [a-z] and push it

       %P[A-Z]
            set static variable [a-z] to pop()

       %g[A-Z]
            get static variable [a-z] and push it

            The terms "static" and "dynamic" are misleading.  Historically, these are simply  two
            different  sets  of  variables,  whose  values  are not reset between calls to tparm.
            However, that fact is not documented in other implementations.  Relying  on  it  will
            adversely impact portability to other implementations.

       %'c' char constant c

       %{nn}
            integer constant nn

       %l   push strlen(pop)

       %+, %-, %*, %/, %m
            arithmetic (%m is mod): push(pop() op pop())

       %&, %|, %^
            bit operations (AND, OR and exclusive-OR): push(pop() op pop())

       %=, %>, %<
            logical operations: push(pop() op pop())

       %A, %O
            logical AND and OR operations (for conditionals)

       %!, %~
            unary operations (logical and bit complement): push(op pop())

       %i   add 1 to first two parameters (for ANSI terminals)

       %? expr %t thenpart %e elsepart %;
            This  forms  an if-then-else.  The %e elsepart is optional.  Usually the %? expr part
            pushes a value onto the stack, and %t pops it  from  the  stack,  testing  if  it  is
            nonzero (true).  If it is zero (false), control passes to the %e (else) part.

            It is possible to form else-if's a la Algol 68:
            %? c1 %t b1 %e c2 %t b2 %e c3 %t b3 %e c4 %t b4 %e %;

            where ci are conditions, bi are bodies.

            Use  the  -f  option  of tic or infocmp to see the structure of if-then-else's.  Some
            strings, e.g., sgr can be very complicated when written on one line.  The  -f  option
            splits the string into lines with the parts indented.

       Binary  operations  are in postfix form with the operands in the usual order.  That is, to
       get x-5 one would use "%gx%{5}%-".  %P and %g  variables  are  persistent  across  escape-
       string evaluations.

       Consider  the  HP2645,  which,  to get to row 3 and column 12, needs to be sent \E&a12c03Y
       padded for 6 milliseconds.  Note that the order of the rows and columns is inverted  here,
       and  that  the  row  and  column  are  printed  as two digits.  Thus its cup capability is
       “cup=6\E&%p2%2dc%p1%2dY”.

       The Microterm ACT-IV needs the current row and column sent preceded by a ^T, with the  row
       and column simply encoded in binary, “cup=^T%p1%c%p2%c”.  Terminals which use “%c” need to
       be able to backspace the cursor (cub1), and to move the cursor up one line on  the  screen
       (cuu1).   This is necessary because it is not always safe to transmit \n ^D and \r, as the
       system may change or discard them.  (The library routines dealing with  terminfo  set  tty
       modes  so  that  tabs  are  never  expanded,  so \t is safe to send.  This turns out to be
       essential for the Ann Arbor 4080.)

       A final example is the LSI ADM-3a, which uses row and column offset by a blank  character,
       thus  “cup=\E=%p1%'  '%+%c%p2%'  '%+%c”.   After  sending  “\E=”,  this  pushes  the first
       parameter, pushes the ASCII value for a space (32), adds them  (pushing  the  sum  on  the
       stack  in  place  of the two previous values) and outputs that value as a character.  Then
       the same is done for the second parameter.  More complex arithmetic is possible using  the
       stack.

   Cursor Motions
       If  the  terminal  has a fast way to home the cursor (to very upper left corner of screen)
       then this can be given as home; similarly a fast way of getting  to  the  lower  left-hand
       corner can be given as ll; this may involve going up with cuu1 from the home position, but
       a program should never do this itself (unless ll does) because it can make  no  assumption
       about  the effect of moving up from the home position.  Note that the home position is the
       same as addressing to (0,0): to the top left corner of the screen, not of memory.   (Thus,
       the \EH sequence on HP terminals cannot be used for home.)

       If the terminal has row or column absolute cursor addressing, these can be given as single
       parameter capabilities hpa (horizontal  position  absolute)  and  vpa  (vertical  position
       absolute).   Sometimes  these are shorter than the more general two parameter sequence (as
       with the hp2645) and can be used in preference to cup.  If there are  parameterized  local
       motions  (e.g.,  move  n spaces to the right) these can be given as cud, cub, cuf, and cuu
       with a single parameter indicating how many spaces to move.  These are primarily useful if
       the terminal does not have cup, such as the TEKTRONIX 4025.

       If  the  terminal  needs  to  be  in a special mode when running a program that uses these
       capabilities, the codes to enter and exit this mode can be given as smcup and rmcup.  This
       arises,  for  example,  from terminals like the Concept with more than one page of memory.
       If the terminal has only memory relative cursor addressing and not screen relative  cursor
       addressing,  a  one  screen-sized  window  must  be  fixed  into  the  terminal for cursor
       addressing to work properly.  This is also used for the TEKTRONIX 4025, where  smcup  sets
       the  command  character  to  be  the one used by terminfo.  If the smcup sequence will not
       restore the screen after an rmcup sequence is output (to the  state  prior  to  outputting
       rmcup), specify nrrmc.

   Area Clears
       If  the  terminal  can clear from the current position to the end of the line, leaving the
       cursor where it is, this should be given as el.   If  the  terminal  can  clear  from  the
       beginning  of  the line to the current position inclusive, leaving the cursor where it is,
       this should be given as el1.  If the terminal can clear from the current position  to  the
       end  of  the  display, then this should be given as ed.  Ed is only defined from the first
       column of a line.  (Thus, it can be simulated by a request to delete  a  large  number  of
       lines, if a true ed is not available.)

   Insert/delete line and vertical motions
       If the terminal can open a new blank line before the line where the cursor is, this should
       be given as il1; this is done only from the first position of a  line.   The  cursor  must
       then appear on the newly blank line.  If the terminal can delete the line which the cursor
       is on, then this should be given as dl1; this is done only from the first position on  the
       line  to  be deleted.  Versions of il1 and dl1 which take a single parameter and insert or
       delete that many lines can be given as il and dl.

       If the terminal has a settable scrolling region (like the vt100) the command to  set  this
       can  be  described with the csr capability, which takes two parameters: the top and bottom
       lines of the scrolling region.  The cursor position is, alas, undefined after  using  this
       command.

       It  is  possible to get the effect of insert or delete line using csr on a properly chosen
       region; the sc and rc (save and restore cursor) commands may be useful for  ensuring  that
       your  synthesized  insert/delete  string  does  not  move  the  cursor.   (Note  that  the
       ncurses(3NCURSES) library does this synthesis  automatically,  so  you  need  not  compose
       insert/delete strings for an entry with csr).

       Yet another way to construct insert and delete might be to use a combination of index with
       the memory-lock feature found on some terminals (like the HP-700/90 series, which  however
       also has insert/delete).

       Inserting  lines  at  the  top or bottom of the screen can also be done using ri or ind on
       many terminals without a true insert/delete line, and is often faster  even  on  terminals
       with those features.

       The boolean non_dest_scroll_region should be set if each scrolling window is effectively a
       view port on a screen-sized canvas.  To test  for  this  capability,  create  a  scrolling
       region in the middle of the screen, write something to the bottom line, move the cursor to
       the top of the region, and do ri followed by dl1 or ind.  If the  data  scrolled  off  the
       bottom  of  the  region by the ri re-appears, then scrolling is non-destructive.  System V
       and XSI Curses expect that ind, ri, indn, and rin  will  simulate  destructive  scrolling;
       their  documentation  cautions  you  not  to  define csr unless this is true.  This curses
       implementation is more liberal and will do explicit erases after  scrolling  if  ndstr  is
       defined.

       If  the  terminal has the ability to define a window as part of memory, which all commands
       affect, it should be given as the parameterized string wind.  The four parameters are  the
       starting and ending lines in memory and the starting and ending columns in memory, in that
       order.

       If the terminal can retain display memory above, then the da capability should  be  given;
       if  display  memory  can  be retained below, then db should be given.  These indicate that
       deleting a line or scrolling may bring non-blank lines up from  below  or  that  scrolling
       back with ri may bring down non-blank lines.

   Insert/Delete Character
       There are two basic kinds of intelligent terminals with respect to insert/delete character
       which can be described using terminfo.  The most common insert/delete character operations
       affect  only  the  characters  on the current line and shift characters off the end of the
       line rigidly.  Other terminals, such as the Concept 100 and the Perkin Elmer Owl,  make  a
       distinction  between  typed  and  untyped blanks on the screen, shifting upon an insert or
       delete only to an untyped blank on the screen which is either eliminated, or  expanded  to
       two untyped blanks.

       You  can  determine  the  kind of terminal you have by clearing the screen and then typing
       text separated by cursor motions.  Type  “abc    def”  using  local  cursor  motions  (not
       spaces)  between  the  “abc” and the “def”.  Then position the cursor before the “abc” and
       put the terminal in insert mode.  If typing characters causes the  rest  of  the  line  to
       shift  rigidly and characters to fall off the end, then your terminal does not distinguish
       between blanks and untyped positions.  If the “abc” shifts over to the  “def”  which  then
       move together around the end of the current line and onto the next as you insert, you have
       the second type of terminal, and should give the capability in, which stands  for  “insert
       null”.

       While these are two logically separate attributes (one line versus multi-line insert mode,
       and special treatment of untyped spaces) we have  seen  no  terminals  whose  insert  mode
       cannot be described with the single attribute.

       Terminfo can describe both terminals which have an insert mode, and terminals which send a
       simple sequence to open a blank position on the current line.  Give as smir  the  sequence
       to  get  into  insert  mode.  Give as rmir the sequence to leave insert mode.  Now give as
       ich1 any sequence needed to be sent just before sending  the  character  to  be  inserted.
       Most terminals with a true insert mode will not give ich1; terminals which send a sequence
       to open a screen position should give it here.

       If your terminal has both, insert mode is usually preferable to  ich1.   Technically,  you
       should not give both unless the terminal actually requires both to be used in combination.
       Accordingly, some non-curses applications get confused if both are present; the symptom is
       doubled  characters  in  an  update  using insert.  This requirement is now rare; most ich
       sequences do not require previous smir, and most smir insert modes  do  not  require  ich1
       before  each  character.   Therefore, the new curses actually assumes this is the case and
       uses either rmir/smir or ich/ich1 as appropriate (but not both).  If you have to write  an
       entry  to  be  used  under  new curses for a terminal old enough to need both, include the
       rmir/smir sequences in ich1.

       If post insert padding is needed, give this as a number of milliseconds in  ip  (a  string
       option).   Any  other  sequence  which  may  need  to  be sent after an insert of a single
       character may also be given in ip.  If your terminal needs  both  to  be  placed  into  an
       “insert  mode”  and a special code to precede each inserted character, then both smir/rmir
       and ich1 can be given, and both will be used.  The ich capability, with one parameter,  n,
       will repeat the effects of ich1 n times.

       If  padding is necessary between characters typed while not in insert mode, give this as a
       number of milliseconds padding in rmp.

       It is occasionally necessary to move around while in insert mode to delete  characters  on
       the  same  line  (e.g., if there is a tab after the insertion position).  If your terminal
       allows motion while in insert mode you can give the capability mir to speed  up  inserting
       in  this case.  Omitting mir will affect only speed.  Some terminals (notably Datamedia's)
       must not have mir because of the way their insert mode works.

       Finally, you can specify dch1 to delete a single character, dch with one parameter, n,  to
       delete n characters, and delete mode by giving smdc and rmdc to enter and exit delete mode
       (any mode the terminal needs to be placed in for dch1 to work).

       A command to erase n characters (equivalent to outputting  n  blanks  without  moving  the
       cursor) can be given as ech with one parameter.

   Highlighting, Underlining, and Visible Bells
       If  your terminal has one or more kinds of display attributes, these can be represented in
       a number of different ways.   You  should  choose  one  display  form  as  standout  mode,
       representing  a  good,  high  contrast,  easy-on-the-eyes,  format  for highlighting error
       messages and other attention getters.  (If you have a choice,  reverse  video  plus  half-
       bright  is  good,  or reverse video alone.)  The sequences to enter and exit standout mode
       are given as smso and rmso, respectively.  If the code to change into or out  of  standout
       mode  leaves  one  or even two blank spaces on the screen, as the TVI 912 and Teleray 1061
       do, then xmc should be given to tell how many spaces are left.

       Codes to begin underlining and end underlining can be given as smul and rmul respectively.
       If  the  terminal  has  a  code to underline the current character and move the cursor one
       space to the right, such as the Microterm Mime, this can be given as uc.

       Other capabilities to enter various highlighting modes include blink (blinking) bold (bold
       or  extra  bright)  dim  (dim  or  half-bright)  invis  (blanking  or invisible text) prot
       (protected) rev (reverse video) sgr0 (turn off all attribute modes) smacs (enter alternate
       character  set  mode)  and  rmacs  (exit alternate character set mode).  Turning on any of
       these modes singly may or may not turn off other modes.

       If there is a sequence to set arbitrary combinations of modes, this should be given as sgr
       (set  attributes),  taking  9  parameters.   Each parameter is either 0 or nonzero, as the
       corresponding attribute is  on  or  off.   The  9  parameters  are,  in  order:  standout,
       underline,  reverse,  blink,  dim, bold, blank, protect, alternate character set.  Not all
       modes need be supported by sgr, only those  for  which  corresponding  separate  attribute
       commands exist.

       For example, the DEC vt220 supports most of the modes:

                        tparm parameter      attribute        escape sequence

                        none                 none             \E[0m
                        p1                   standout         \E[0;1;7m
                        p2                   underline        \E[0;4m
                        p3                   reverse          \E[0;7m
                        p4                   blink            \E[0;5m
                        p5                   dim              not available
                        p6                   bold             \E[0;1m
                        p7                   invis            \E[0;8m
                        p8                   protect          not used
                        p9                   altcharset       ^O (off) ^N (on)

       We  begin  each escape sequence by turning off any existing modes, since there is no quick
       way to determine whether they are active.  Standout is set up to  be  the  combination  of
       reverse  and  bold.  The vt220 terminal has a protect mode, though it is not commonly used
       in sgr because it protects characters  on  the  screen  from  the  host's  erasures.   The
       altcharset  mode  also is different in that it is either ^O or ^N, depending on whether it
       is off or on.  If all modes are turned on, the resulting sequence is \E[0;1;4;5;7;8m^N.

       Some sequences are common to different modes.  For example, ;7 is output when either p1 or
       p3 is true, that is, if either standout or reverse modes are turned on.

       Writing out the above sequences, along with their dependencies yields

                     sequence             when to output      terminfo translation

                     \E[0                 always              \E[0
                     ;1                   if p1 or p6         %?%p1%p6%|%t;1%;
                     ;4                   if p2               %?%p2%|%t;4%;
                     ;5                   if p4               %?%p4%|%t;5%;
                     ;7                   if p1 or p3         %?%p1%p3%|%t;7%;
                     ;8                   if p7               %?%p7%|%t;8%;
                     m                    always              m
                     ^N or ^O             if p9 ^N, else ^O   %?%p9%t^N%e^O%;

       Putting this all together into the sgr sequence gives:

           sgr=\E[0%?%p1%p6%|%t;1%;%?%p2%t;4%;%?%p4%t;5%;
               %?%p1%p3%|%t;7%;%?%p7%t;8%;m%?%p9%t\016%e\017%;,

       Remember  that if you specify sgr, you must also specify sgr0.  Also, some implementations
       rely on sgr being given if sgr0 is, Not all  terminfo  entries  necessarily  have  an  sgr
       string, however.  Many terminfo entries are derived from termcap entries which have no sgr
       string.  The only drawback to adding an sgr string is that termcap also assumes that  sgr0
       does not exit alternate character set mode.

       Terminals with the “magic cookie” glitch (xmc) deposit special “cookies” when they receive
       mode-setting sequences, which affect the display algorithm rather than having  extra  bits
       for  each  character.   Some  terminals, such as the HP 2621, automatically leave standout
       mode when they move to a new line or the cursor is  addressed.   Programs  using  standout
       mode  should  exit standout mode before moving the cursor or sending a newline, unless the
       msgr capability, asserting that it is safe to move in standout mode, is present.

       If the terminal has a way of flashing the screen to indicate  an  error  quietly  (a  bell
       replacement) then this can be given as flash; it must not move the cursor.

       If  the cursor needs to be made more visible than normal when it is not on the bottom line
       (to make, for example, a non-blinking underline into an easier to find block  or  blinking
       underline)  give  this sequence as cvvis.  If there is a way to make the cursor completely
       invisible, give that as civis.  The capability cnorm should  be  given  which  undoes  the
       effects of both of these modes.

       If  your terminal correctly generates underlined characters (with no special codes needed)
       even though it does not overstrike,  then  you  should  give  the  capability  ul.   If  a
       character  overstriking  another  leaves  both  characters  on  the  screen,  specify  the
       capability os.  If overstrikes are erasable with a blank, then this should be indicated by
       giving eo.

   Keypad and Function Keys
       If  the  terminal  has  a  keypad  that  transmits  codes  when the keys are pressed, this
       information can be given.  Note that it is not possible  to  handle  terminals  where  the
       keypad only works in local (this applies, for example, to the unshifted HP 2621 keys).  If
       the keypad can be set to transmit or not transmit, give these  codes  as  smkx  and  rmkx.
       Otherwise the keypad is assumed to always transmit.

       The  codes sent by the left arrow, right arrow, up arrow, down arrow, and home keys can be
       given as kcub1, kcuf1, kcuu1, kcud1, and khome respectively.  If there are  function  keys
       such  as  f0,  f1,  ..., f10, the codes they send can be given as kf0, kf1, ..., kf10.  If
       these keys have labels other than the default f0 through f10, the labels can be  given  as
       lf0, lf1, ..., lf10.

       The codes transmitted by certain other special keys can be given:

       •   kll (home down),

       •   kbs (backspace),

       •   ktbc (clear all tabs),

       •   kctab (clear the tab stop in this column),

       •   kclr (clear screen or erase key),

       •   kdch1 (delete character),

       •   kdl1 (delete line),

       •   krmir (exit insert mode),

       •   kel (clear to end of line),

       •   ked (clear to end of screen),

       •   kich1 (insert character or enter insert mode),

       •   kil1 (insert line),

       •   knp (next page),

       •   kpp (previous page),

       •   kind (scroll forward/down),

       •   kri (scroll backward/up),

       •   khts (set a tab stop in this column).

       In  addition,  if the keypad has a 3 by 3 array of keys including the four arrow keys, the
       other five keys can be given as ka1, ka3, kb2, kc1, and kc3.  These keys are  useful  when
       the effects of a 3 by 3 directional pad are needed.

       Strings  to  program  function  keys  can  be given as pfkey, pfloc, and pfx.  A string to
       program screen labels should be specified  as  pln.   Each  of  these  strings  takes  two
       parameters: the function key number to program (from 0 to 10) and the string to program it
       with.  Function key numbers out of this range may program undefined  keys  in  a  terminal
       dependent  manner.   The difference between the capabilities is that pfkey causes pressing
       the given key to be the same as the user typing the given string; pfloc causes the  string
       to  be  executed  by the terminal in local; and pfx causes the string to be transmitted to
       the computer.

       The capabilities nlab, lw and lh define the number of programmable screen labels and their
       width  and height.  If there are commands to turn the labels on and off, give them in smln
       and rmln.  smln is normally output after one or more pln sequences to make sure  that  the
       change becomes visible.

   Tabs and Initialization
       If  the  terminal  has  hardware  tabs, the command to advance to the next tab stop can be
       given as ht (usually control I).   A  “back-tab”  command  which  moves  leftward  to  the
       preceding  tab  stop  can  be given as cbt.  By convention, if the teletype modes indicate
       that tabs are being expanded by the computer rather  than  being  sent  to  the  terminal,
       programs  should  not  use ht or cbt even if they are present, since the user may not have
       the tab stops properly set.  If the terminal has hardware tabs  which  are  initially  set
       every n spaces when the terminal is powered up, the numeric parameter it is given, showing
       the number of spaces the tabs are set to.  This is normally used by the  tset  command  to
       determine  whether  to set the mode for hardware tab expansion, and whether to set the tab
       stops.  If the terminal has tab stops that  can  be  saved  in  non-volatile  memory,  the
       terminfo description can assume that they are properly set.

       Other  capabilities  include  is1,  is2, and is3, initialization strings for the terminal,
       iprog, the path name of a program to be run to initialize the terminal, and if,  the  name
       of  a  file containing long initialization strings.  These strings are expected to set the
       terminal into modes consistent with the  rest  of  the  terminfo  description.   They  are
       normally  sent to the terminal, by the init option of the tput program, each time the user
       logs in.  They will be printed in the following order:

              run the program
                     iprog

              output is1 is2

              set the margins using
                     mgc, smgl and smgr

              set tabs using
                     tbc and hts

              print the file
                     if

              and finally
                     output is3.

       Most initialization is done with is2.  Special  terminal  modes  can  be  set  up  without
       duplicating  strings  by  putting the common sequences in is2 and special cases in is1 and
       is3.

       A set of sequences that does a harder reset from a totally unknown state can be  given  as
       rs1, rs2, rf and rs3, analogous to is1 , is2 , if and is3 respectively.  These strings are
       output by the reset program, which is used when the terminal gets  into  a  wedged  state.
       Commands  are normally placed in rs1, rs2 rs3 and rf only if they produce annoying effects
       on the screen and are not necessary when logging in.  For example, the command to set  the
       vt100  into 80-column mode would normally be part of is2, but it causes an annoying glitch
       of the screen and is not normally needed since the  terminal  is  usually  already  in  80
       column mode.

       The  reset  program  writes  strings  including iprog, etc., in the same order as the init
       program, using rs1, etc., instead of is1, etc.  If any of  rs1,  rs2,  rs3,  or  rf  reset
       capability  strings  are  missing,  the  reset  program  falls back upon the corresponding
       initialization capability string.

       If there are commands to set and clear tab stops, they can be given as tbc (clear all  tab
       stops)  and  hts  (set  a tab stop in the current column of every row).  If a more complex
       sequence is needed to set the tabs than can be described by  this,  the  sequence  can  be
       placed in is2 or if.

   Delays and Padding
       Many  older  and  slower  terminals  do  not  support  either XON/XOFF or DTR handshaking,
       including hard copy terminals and some very archaic  CRTs  (including,  for  example,  DEC
       VT100s).   These  may  require  padding characters after certain cursor motions and screen
       changes.

       If the terminal uses xon/xoff handshaking for flow  control  (that  is,  it  automatically
       emits  ^S  back  to  the  host  when  its input buffers are close to full), set xon.  This
       capability suppresses the emission of padding.  You can  also  set  it  for  memory-mapped
       console  devices  effectively  that do not have a speed limit.  Padding information should
       still be included so that routines can make better decisions  about  relative  costs,  but
       actual pad characters will not be transmitted.

       If pb (padding baud rate) is given, padding is suppressed at baud rates below the value of
       pb.  If the entry has no padding baud rate, then whether padding  is  emitted  or  not  is
       completely controlled by xon.

       If  the  terminal  requires  other than a null (zero) character as a pad, then this can be
       given as pad.  Only the first character of the pad string is used.

   Status Lines
       Some terminals have an extra “status line” which is not normally  used  by  software  (and
       thus not counted in the terminal's lines capability).

       The  simplest  case  is a status line which is cursor-addressable but not part of the main
       scrolling region on the screen; the Heathkit H19 has a status line of this kind, as  would
       a  24-line VT100 with a 23-line scrolling region set up on initialization.  This situation
       is indicated by the hs capability.

       Some terminals with status lines need special sequences to access the status line.   These
       may  be  expressed as a string with single parameter tsl which takes the cursor to a given
       zero-origin column on the status line.  The capability fsl must return to the  main-screen
       cursor positions before the last tsl.  You may need to embed the string values of sc (save
       cursor) and rc (restore cursor) in tsl and fsl to accomplish this.

       The status line is normally assumed to be the same width as the width of the terminal.  If
       this is untrue, you can specify it with the numeric capability wsl.

       A command to erase or blank the status line may be specified as dsl.

       The  boolean capability eslok specifies that escape sequences, tabs, etc., work ordinarily
       in the status line.

       The ncurses implementation  does  not  yet  use  any  of  these  capabilities.   They  are
       documented here in case they ever become important.

   Line Graphics
       Many  terminals  have  alternate  character  sets  useful for forms-drawing.  Terminfo and
       curses build in support for the drawing characters  supported  by  the  VT100,  with  some
       characters  from  the AT&T 4410v1 added.  This alternate character set may be specified by
       the acsc capability.

       Glyph                                 ACS                      Ascii                VT100
       Name                                  Name                     Default              Name
       UK pound sign                         ACS_STERLING             f                    }
       arrow pointing down                   ACS_DARROW               v                    .
       arrow pointing left                   ACS_LARROW               <                    ,
       arrow pointing right                  ACS_RARROW               >                    +
       arrow pointing up                     ACS_UARROW               ^                    -
       board of squares                      ACS_BOARD                #                    h
       bullet                                ACS_BULLET               o                    ~
       checker board (stipple)               ACS_CKBOARD              :                    a
       degree symbol                         ACS_DEGREE               \                    f
       diamond                               ACS_DIAMOND              +                    `
       greater-than-or-equal-to              ACS_GEQUAL               >                    z
       greek pi                              ACS_PI                   *                    {
       horizontal line                       ACS_HLINE                -                    q
       lantern symbol                        ACS_LANTERN              #                    i
       large plus or crossover               ACS_PLUS                 +                    n
       less-than-or-equal-to                 ACS_LEQUAL               <                    y
       lower left corner                     ACS_LLCORNER             +                    m
       lower right corner                    ACS_LRCORNER             +                    j
       not-equal                             ACS_NEQUAL               !                    |
       plus/minus                            ACS_PLMINUS              #                    g
       scan line 1                           ACS_S1                   ~                    o
       scan line 3                           ACS_S3                   -                    p
       scan line 7                           ACS_S7                   -                    r
       scan line 9                           ACS_S9                   _                    s
       solid square block                    ACS_BLOCK                #                    0
       tee pointing down                     ACS_TTEE                 +                    w
       tee pointing left                     ACS_RTEE                 +                    u
       tee pointing right                    ACS_LTEE                 +                    t
       tee pointing up                       ACS_BTEE                 +                    v
       upper left corner                     ACS_ULCORNER             +                    l
       upper right corner                    ACS_URCORNER             +                    k
       vertical line                         ACS_VLINE                |                    x

       The best way to define a new device's graphics set is to add a column to a  copy  of  this
       table  for  your  terminal,  giving  the character which (when emitted between smacs/rmacs
       switches) will be rendered as the corresponding graphic.  Then  read  off  the  VT100/your
       terminal character pairs right to left in sequence; these become the ACSC string.

   Color Handling
       Most  color  terminals are either “Tektronix-like” or “HP-like”.  Tektronix-like terminals
       have a predefined set of N  colors  (where  N  usually  8),  and  can  set  character-cell
       foreground  and  background  characters independently, mixing them into N * N color-pairs.
       On HP-like terminals, the use must set each  color  pair  up  separately  (foreground  and
       background  are  not  independently settable).  Up to M color-pairs may be set up from 2*M
       different colors.  ANSI-compatible terminals are Tektronix-like.

       Some  basic  color  capabilities  are  independent  of  the  color  method.   The  numeric
       capabilities  colors  and pairs specify the maximum numbers of colors and color-pairs that
       can be displayed simultaneously.  The op (original  pair)  string  resets  foreground  and
       background  colors  to  their  default  values for the terminal.  The oc string resets all
       colors or color-pairs to their default values for the terminal.  Some terminals (including
       many  PC  terminal  emulators) erase screen areas with the current background color rather
       than the power-up default background; these should have the boolean capability bce.

       To change the current foreground or background color on  a  Tektronix-type  terminal,  use
       setaf  (set  ANSI foreground) and setab (set ANSI background) or setf (set foreground) and
       setb  (set  background).   These  take  one  parameter,  the  color  number.    The   SVr4
       documentation  describes  only  setaf/setab;  the  XPG4  draft  says that "If the terminal
       supports ANSI escape sequences to set background and foreground, they should be  coded  as
       setaf  and  setab,  respectively.   If the terminal supports other escape sequences to set
       background and foreground, they should be coded  as  setf  and  setb,  respectively.   The
       vidputs() function and the refresh functions use setaf and setab if they are defined."

       The  setaf/setab and setf/setb capabilities take a single numeric argument each.  Argument
       values 0-7 of setaf/setab are portably defined  as  follows  (the  middle  column  is  the
       symbolic  #define  available  in  the  header  for  the curses or ncurses libraries).  The
       terminal hardware is free to map these as it likes, but the  RGB  values  indicate  normal
       locations in color space.

                             Color       #define       Value       RGB
                             black     COLOR_BLACK       0     0, 0, 0
                             red       COLOR_RED         1     max,0,0
                             green     COLOR_GREEN       2     0,max,0
                             yellow    COLOR_YELLOW      3     max,max,0
                             blue      COLOR_BLUE        4     0,0,max
                             magenta   COLOR_MAGENTA     5     max,0,max
                             cyan      COLOR_CYAN        6     0,max,max
                             white     COLOR_WHITE       7     max,max,max

       The argument values of setf/setb historically correspond to a different mapping, i.e.,

                             Color       #define       Value       RGB
                             black     COLOR_BLACK       0     0, 0, 0
                             blue      COLOR_BLUE        1     0,0,max
                             green     COLOR_GREEN       2     0,max,0
                             cyan      COLOR_CYAN        3     0,max,max
                             red       COLOR_RED         4     max,0,0
                             magenta   COLOR_MAGENTA     5     max,0,max
                             yellow    COLOR_YELLOW      6     max,max,0
                             white     COLOR_WHITE       7     max,max,max

       It is important to not confuse the two sets of color capabilities; otherwise red/blue will
       be interchanged on the display.

       On an HP-like terminal, use scp with a color-pair number parameter to set which color pair
       is current.

       On  a  Tektronix-like  terminal, the capability ccc may be present to indicate that colors
       can be modified.  If so, the initc capability will take a color  number  (0  to  colors  -
       1)and  three  more parameters which describe the color.  These three parameters default to
       being interpreted as RGB (Red, Green, Blue) values.  If  the  boolean  capability  hls  is
       present,  they  are  instead  as HLS (Hue, Lightness, Saturation) indices.  The ranges are
       terminal-dependent.

       On an HP-like terminal, initp may give a capability for changing a color-pair  value.   It
       will  take  seven  parameters;  a  color-pair number (0 to max_pairs - 1), and two triples
       describing first background and then foreground colors.  These parameters  must  be  (Red,
       Green, Blue) or (Hue, Lightness, Saturation) depending on hls.

       On  some  color  terminals,  colors  collide  with  highlights.   You  can  register these
       collisions with the ncv capability.  This is a bit-mask of attributes not to be used  when
       colors  are  enabled.   The  correspondence with the attributes understood by curses is as
       follows:

                          Attribute              Bit   Decimal      Set by
                          A_STANDOUT             0     1            sgr
                          A_UNDERLINE            1     2            sgr
                          A_REVERSE              2     4            sgr
                          A_BLINK                3     8            sgr
                          A_DIM                  4     16           sgr
                          A_BOLD                 5     32           sgr
                          A_INVIS                6     64           sgr
                          A_PROTECT              7     128          sgr
                          A_ALTCHARSET           8     256          sgr
                          A_HORIZONTAL           9     512          sgr1
                          A_LEFT                 10    1024         sgr1
                          A_LOW                  11    2048         sgr1
                          A_RIGHT                12    4096         sgr1
                          A_TOP                  13    8192         sgr1
                          A_VERTICAL             14    16384        sgr1
                          A_ITALIC               15    32768        sitm

       For example, on many IBM PC consoles, the underline attribute collides with the foreground
       color blue and is not available in color mode.  These should have an ncv capability of 2.

       SVr4 curses does nothing with ncv, ncurses recognizes it and optimizes the output in favor
       of colors.

   Miscellaneous
       If the terminal requires other than a null (zero) character as a pad,  then  this  can  be
       given  as  pad.  Only the first character of the pad string is used.  If the terminal does
       not have a pad  character,  specify  npc.   Note  that  ncurses  implements  the  termcap-
       compatible  PC variable; though the application may set this value to something other than
       a null, ncurses will test npc first and use napms if the terminal has no pad character.

       If the terminal can move up or down half a line, this can be indicated with hu  (half-line
       up)  and hd (half-line down).  This is primarily useful for superscripts and subscripts on
       hard-copy terminals.  If a hard-copy terminal can eject to the next page (form feed), give
       this as ff (usually control L).

       If  there  is  a command to repeat a given character a given number of times (to save time
       transmitting a large number of identical  characters)  this  can  be  indicated  with  the
       parameterized  string  rep.   The  first parameter is the character to be repeated and the
       second is the number of times to repeat it.  Thus, tparm(repeat_char, 'x', 10) is the same
       as “xxxxxxxxxx”.

       If  the terminal has a settable command character, such as the TEKTRONIX 4025, this can be
       indicated with cmdch.  A prototype command character  is  chosen  which  is  used  in  all
       capabilities.   This  character  is  given  in  the  cmdch capability to identify it.  The
       following convention is supported on some UNIX systems: The environment is to be  searched
       for  a  CC variable, and if found, all occurrences of the prototype character are replaced
       with the character in the environment variable.

       Terminal descriptions that do not represent a specific kind of  known  terminal,  such  as
       switch,  dialup,  patch,  and  network, should include the gn (generic) capability so that
       programs can complain that they do not know how to talk to the terminal.  (This capability
       does not apply to virtual terminal descriptions for which the escape sequences are known.)

       If  the  terminal  has  a “meta key” which acts as a shift key, setting the 8th bit of any
       character transmitted, this fact can be  indicated  with  km.   Otherwise,  software  will
       assume  that  the  8th  bit is parity and it will usually be cleared.  If strings exist to
       turn this “meta mode” on and off, they can be given as smm and rmm.

       If the terminal has more lines of memory than will fit on the screen at once,  the  number
       of lines of memory can be indicated with lm.  A value of lm#0 indicates that the number of
       lines is not fixed, but that there is still more memory than fits on the screen.

       If the terminal is one of those supported by  the  UNIX  virtual  terminal  protocol,  the
       terminal number can be given as vt.

       Media  copy  strings  which  control an auxiliary printer connected to the terminal can be
       given as mc0: print the contents of the screen, mc4: turn off the printer, and  mc5:  turn
       on the printer.  When the printer is on, all text sent to the terminal will be sent to the
       printer.  It is undefined whether the text is also displayed on the terminal  screen  when
       the printer is on.  A variation mc5p takes one parameter, and leaves the printer on for as
       many characters as the value of the parameter, then turns the printer off.  The  parameter
       should  not  exceed  255.  All text, including mc4, is transparently passed to the printer
       while an mc5p is in effect.

   Glitches and Braindamage
       Hazeltine terminals, which do not allow “~” characters to be displayed should indicate hz.

       Terminals which ignore a line-feed immediately after an am wrap, such as the  Concept  and
       vt100, should indicate xenl.

       If  el is required to get rid of standout (instead of merely writing normal text on top of
       it), xhp should be given.

       Teleray terminals, where tabs turn all characters moved over to blanks, should indicate xt
       (destructive  tabs).  Note: the variable indicating this is now “dest_tabs_magic_smso”; in
       older versions, it was teleray_glitch.  This glitch is also taken to mean that it  is  not
       possible to position the cursor on top of a “magic cookie”, that to erase standout mode it
       is instead necessary to use delete and insert line.  The  ncurses  implementation  ignores
       this glitch.

       The  Beehive  Superbee,  which  is  unable  to  correctly transmit the escape or control C
       characters, has xsb, indicating that the f1 key is used for escape and f2 for  control  C.
       (Only  certain  Superbees  have  this  problem, depending on the ROM.)  Note that in older
       terminfo versions, this capability was called “beehive_glitch”; it is now “no_esc_ctl_c”.

       Other specific terminal problems may be corrected by adding more capabilities of the  form
       xx.

   Similar Terminals
       If  there  are  two very similar terminals, one (the variant) can be defined as being just
       like the other (the base) with certain exceptions.  In the definition of the variant,  the
       string  capability  use can be given with the name of the base terminal.  The capabilities
       given before use override those in the base type named by use.  If there are multiple  use
       capabilities,  they  are merged in reverse order.  That is, the rightmost use reference is
       processed first, then the one to its left, and so forth.  Capabilities given explicitly in
       the entry override those brought in by use references.

       A  capability can be canceled by placing xx@ to the left of the use reference that imports
       it, where xx is the capability.  For example, the entry

              2621-nl, smkx@, rmkx@, use=2621,

       defines a 2621-nl that does not have the smkx or rmkx capabilities,  and  hence  does  not
       turn  on  the function key labels when in visual mode.  This is useful for different modes
       for a terminal, or for different user preferences.

   Pitfalls of Long Entries
       Long terminfo entries are unlikely to be a problem; to date, no entry has even  approached
       terminfo's  4096-byte  string-table  maximum.  Unfortunately, the termcap translations are
       much more strictly limited (to 1023 bytes), thus termcap  translations  of  long  terminfo
       entries can cause problems.

       The  man  pages for 4.3BSD and older versions of tgetent() instruct the user to allocate a
       1024-byte buffer for the termcap entry.  The entry gets  null-terminated  by  the  termcap
       library,  so  that  makes  the  maximum safe length for a termcap entry 1k-1 (1023) bytes.
       Depending on what the application and the termcap library being used does,  and  where  in
       the  termcap file the terminal type that tgetent() is searching for is, several bad things
       can happen.

       Some termcap libraries print a warning message or exit if they find an entry that's longer
       than  1023  bytes;  others  do  not;  others  truncate  the  entries  to 1023 bytes.  Some
       application programs allocate more than the recommended 1K for the termcap  entry;  others
       do not.

       Each  termcap entry has two important sizes associated with it: before "tc" expansion, and
       after "tc" expansion.  "tc" is the capability that tacks on another termcap entry  to  the
       end  of  the current one, to add on its capabilities.  If a termcap entry does not use the
       "tc" capability, then of course the two lengths are the same.

       The "before tc expansion" length is the most important one, because it affects  more  than
       just  users  of that particular terminal.  This is the length of the entry as it exists in
       /etc/termcap, minus the backslash-newline pairs, which tgetent() strips out while  reading
       it.   Some termcap libraries strip off the final newline, too (GNU termcap does not).  Now
       suppose:

       •   a termcap entry before expansion is more than 1023 bytes long,

       •   and the application has only allocated a 1k buffer,

       •   and the termcap library (like the one in BSD/OS 1.1 and GNU)  reads  the  whole  entry
           into the buffer, no matter what its length, to see if it is the entry it wants,

       •   and  tgetent() is searching for a terminal type that either is the long entry, appears
           in the termcap file after the long entry, or does not appear in the file  at  all  (so
           that tgetent() has to search the whole termcap file).

       Then  tgetent()  will  overwrite  memory,  perhaps  its  stack, and probably core dump the
       program.  Programs like telnet are particularly  vulnerable;  modern  telnets  pass  along
       values like the terminal type automatically.  The results are almost as undesirable with a
       termcap library, like SunOS 4.1.3 and Ultrix 4.4, that prints  warning  messages  when  it
       reads  an  overly  long  termcap entry.  If a termcap library truncates long entries, like
       OSF/1 3.0, it is immune to dying here but will return incorrect data for the terminal.

       The "after tc expansion" length will have a similar effect to  the  above,  but  only  for
       people  who  actually  set  TERM  to  that  terminal  type, since tgetent() only does "tc"
       expansion once it is found the terminal type it was looking for, not while searching.

       In summary, a termcap entry  that  is  longer  than  1023  bytes  can  cause,  on  various
       combinations  of  termcap  libraries and applications, a core dump, warnings, or incorrect
       operation.  If it is too long even before "tc" expansion, it will have  this  effect  even
       for  users  of  some  other  terminal  types and users whose TERM variable does not have a
       termcap entry.

       When in -C (translate to termcap)  mode,  the  ncurses  implementation  of  tic(1)  issues
       warning  messages  when  the  pre-tc  length of a termcap translation is too long.  The -c
       (check) option also checks resolved (after tc expansion) lengths.

   Binary Compatibility
       It is not wise to count on portability of binary terminfo entries between commercial  UNIX
       versions.   The  problem  is that there are at least two versions of terminfo (under HP-UX
       and AIX) which diverged from System V  terminfo  after  SVr1,  and  have  added  extension
       capabilities to the string table that (in the binary format) collide with System V and XSI
       Curses extensions.

EXTENSIONS

       Searching for terminal descriptions in $HOME/.terminfo and TERMINFO_DIRS is not  supported
       by older implementations.

       Some SVr4 curses implementations, and all previous to SVr4, do not interpret the %A and %O
       operators in parameter strings.

       SVr4/XPG4 do not specify whether msgr licenses movement while in  an  alternate-character-
       set  mode  (such  modes  may,  among other things, map CR and NL to characters that do not
       trigger local motions).  The ncurses implementation ignores msgr in ALTCHARSET mode.  This
       raises  the possibility that an XPG4 implementation making the opposite interpretation may
       need terminfo entries made for ncurses to have msgr turned off.

       The ncurses library handles insert-character and insert-character modes in a slightly non-
       standard  way to get better update efficiency.  See the Insert/Delete Character subsection
       above.

       The parameter substitutions for set_clock and display_clock are not documented in SVr4  or
       the  XSI  Curses  standard.   They  are  deduced  from  the documentation for the AT&T 505
       terminal.

       Be careful assigning  the  kmous  capability.   The  ncurses  wants  to  interpret  it  as
       KEY_MOUSE,  for  use  by terminals and emulators like xterm that can return mouse-tracking
       information in the keyboard-input stream.

       X/Open Curses does not mention italics.  Portable applications must  assume  that  numeric
       capabilities are signed 16-bit values.  This includes the no_color_video (ncv) capability.
       The 32768 mask value used for italics with ncv can be confused with an absent or cancelled
       ncv.  If italics should work with colors, then the ncv value must be specified, even if it
       is zero.

       Different commercial ports of terminfo and curses support different  subsets  of  the  XSI
       Curses standard and (in some cases) different extension sets.  Here is a summary, accurate
       as of October 1995:

       SVR4, Solaris, ncurses -- These support all SVr4 capabilities.

       SGI  --  Supports  the  SVr4  set,  adds  one  undocumented  extended  string   capability
       (set_pglen).

       SVr1,  Ultrix -- These support a restricted subset of terminfo capabilities.  The booleans
       end with xon_xoff; the numerics with width_status_line; and the strings with prtr_non.

       HP/UX -- Supports the SVr1 subset, plus the SVr[234]  numerics  num_labels,  label_height,
       label_width,  plus  function  keys 11 through 63, plus plab_norm, label_on, and label_off,
       plus some incompatible extensions in the string table.

       AIX -- Supports the SVr1 subset, plus function keys  11  through  63,  plus  a  number  of
       incompatible string table extensions.

       OSF -- Supports both the SVr4 set and the AIX extensions.

FILES

       /etc/terminfo/?/*        files containing terminal descriptions

SEE ALSO

       tic(1), infocmp(1), ncurses(3NCURSES), printf(3), term(5).  terminfo_variables(3NCURSES).

AUTHORS

       Zeyd M. Ben-Halim, Eric S. Raymond, Thomas E. Dickey.  Based on pcurses by Pavel Curtis.

                                                                                      terminfo(5)