Provided by: grass-doc_7.4.0-1_all 
NAME
d.linegraph - Generates and displays simple line graphs in the active graphics monitor
display frame.
KEYWORDS
display, cartography
SYNOPSIS
d.linegraph
d.linegraph --help
d.linegraph [-xysl] x_file=string y_file=string[,string,...] [directory=string]
[y_color=string[,string,...]] [color_table=style] [width=integer[,integer,...]]
[title_color=string] [x_title=string] [y_title=string] [title=string]
[y_range=min,max] [y_tics=float[,float,...]] [x_scale=float] [y_scale=float]
[icon=string] [point_size=float] [secondary_color=name]
[secondary_width=integer[,integer,...]] [--help] [--verbose] [--quiet] [--ui]
Flags:
-x
Scale only X labels, not values
-y
Scale only Y labels, not values
-s
Draw points
-l
Do not draw lines
--help
Print usage summary
--verbose
Verbose module output
--quiet
Quiet module output
--ui
Force launching GUI dialog
Parameters:
x_file=string [required]
Name of data file for X axis of graph
y_file=string[,string,...] [required]
Name of data file(s) for Y axis of graph
directory=string
Path to files
Path to the directory where the input files are located
y_color=string[,string,...]
Color for Y data
color_table=style
Name of color table
Options: aspect, aspectcolr, bcyr, bgyr, blues, byg, byr, celsius, corine, curvature,
differences, elevation, etopo2, evi, fahrenheit, gdd, grass, greens, grey, grey.eq,
grey.log, grey1.0, grey255, gyr, haxby, kelvin, ndvi, ndwi, oranges, population,
population_dens, precipitation, precipitation_daily, precipitation_monthly, rainbow,
ramp, random, reds, roygbiv, rstcurv, ryb, ryg, sepia, slope, soilmoisture, srtm,
srtm_plus, terrain, viridis, water, wave
aspect: aspect oriented grey colors
aspectcolr: aspect oriented rainbow colors
bcyr: blue through cyan through yellow to red
bgyr: blue through green through yellow to red
blues: white to blue
byg: blue through yellow to green
byr: blue through yellow to red
celsius: blue to red for degree Celsius temperature
corine: EU Corine land cover colors
curvature: for terrain curvatures (from v.surf.rst and r.slope.aspect)
differences: differences oriented colors
elevation: maps relative ranges of raster values to elevation color ramp
etopo2: colors for ETOPO2 worldwide bathymetry/topography
evi: enhanced vegetative index colors
fahrenheit: blue to red for Fahrenheit temperature
gdd: accumulated growing degree days
grass: GRASS GIS green (perceptually uniform)
greens: white to green
grey: grey scale
grey.eq: histogram-equalized grey scale
grey.log: histogram logarithmic transformed grey scale
grey1.0: grey scale for raster values between 0.0-1.0
grey255: grey scale for raster values between 0-255
gyr: green through yellow to red
haxby: relative colors for bathymetry or topography
kelvin: blue to red for temperature in Kelvin scale
ndvi: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index colors
ndwi: Normalized Difference Water Index colors
oranges: white to orange
population: color table covering human population classification breaks
population_dens: color table covering human population density classification breaks
precipitation: precipitation color table (0..2000mm)
precipitation_daily: precipitation color table (0..1000mm)
precipitation_monthly: precipitation color table (0..1000mm)
rainbow: rainbow color table
ramp: color ramp
random: random color table
reds: white to red
roygbiv: no description
rstcurv: terrain curvature (from r.resamp.rst)
ryb: red through yellow to blue
ryg: red through yellow to green
sepia: yellowish-brown through to white
slope: r.slope.aspect-type slope colors for raster values 0-90
soilmoisture: soilmoisture color table (0.0-1.0)
srtm: color palette for Shuttle Radar Topography Mission elevation
srtm_plus: color palette for Shuttle Radar Topography Mission elevation (with
seafloor colors)
terrain: global elevation color table covering -11000 to +8850m
viridis: perceptually uniform sequential color table viridis
water: water depth
wave: color wave
width=integer[,integer,...]
Width of the lines
title_color=string
Color for axis, tics, numbers, and title
Default: black
x_title=string
Title for X data
Default:
y_title=string
Title for Y data
Default:
title=string
Title for Graph
Default:
y_range=min,max
Minimum and maximun value for Y axis (min,max)
y_tics=float[,float,...]
Tic values for the Y axis
x_scale=float
Scale for X values
y_scale=float
Scale for Y values
icon=string
Symbol for point
Options: basic/arrow, basic/arrow1, basic/arrow2, basic/arrow3, basic/box,
basic/circle, basic/cross1, basic/cross2, basic/cross3, basic/diamond, basic/hexagon,
basic/marker, basic/octagon, basic/pin, basic/pin_dot, basic/point, basic/pushpin,
basic/star, basic/triangle, basic/x, demo/muchomurka, demo/smrk, extra/4pt_star,
extra/adcp, extra/airport, extra/alpha_flag, extra/bridge, extra/dim_arrow,
extra/dive_flag, extra/fiducial, extra/fish, extra/half-box, extra/half-circle,
extra/offbox_ne, extra/offbox_nw, extra/offbox_se, extra/offbox_sw, extra/pentagon,
extra/ping, extra/ring, extra/simple_zia, extra/target, geology/circle_cross,
geology/half-arrow_left, geology/half-arrow_right, geology/strike_box,
geology/strike_circle, geology/strike_cleavage, geology/strike_half-bowtie,
geology/strike_line, geology/strike_parallel, geology/strike_triangle, legend/area,
legend/area_curved, legend/line, legend/line_crooked, n_arrows/basic_compass,
n_arrows/fancy_compass, n_arrows/n_arrow1a, n_arrows/n_arrow1b, n_arrows/n_arrow2,
n_arrows/n_arrow3, n_arrows/n_arrow4, n_arrows/n_arrow5, n_arrows/n_arrow6,
n_arrows/n_arrow7a, n_arrows/n_arrow7b, n_arrows/n_arrow8a, n_arrows/n_arrow8b,
n_arrows/n_arrow9
Default: basic/circle
point_size=float
Point size
Default: 5
secondary_color=name
Color
Color for point symbol edge color
Default: black
secondary_width=integer[,integer,...]
Width of point symbol lines
Default: 0.1
DESCRIPTION
d.linegraph is a module to draw simple x,y line graphs (plots) based on numerical data
contained in separate files.
Data format
The X and Y data files for the graph are essentially a column of numbers in each file,
with one input number per line. The program expects that each X value will have a
corresponding Y value, therefore the number of lines in each data input file should be the
same. Essentially, the X data becomes the X axis reference to which the Y data is plotted
as a line. Therefore, the X data should be a monotonically increasing progression of
numbers (i.e. "1,2,3,..."; "0, 10, 100, 1000,..."; "...-5,-1,0,1,5..."). If multiple Y
data files are used, the Y axis scale will be based on the range of minimum and maximum
values from all Y files, then all Y data given will be graphed according to that Y scale.
Therefore, if multiple Y data inputs are used with dissimilar units, the graph produced
comparing the two will be deceptive.
File inputs
If the directory option is provided, the paths to files can (and should) be only relative
paths to these files. While this is not recommended for scripting, it can be advantageous
when typing the paths manually. For example when all files are stored in the directory
/home/john/data, the user can provide the following in the command line:
d.linegraph directory=/home/john/data x_file=x.txt y_file=y1.txt,y2.txt
Managing colors
The user can specify the y_color option, the color_table option or just leave the defaults
to influence the color of the plotted lines.
Colors specified by y_color option are used for drawing the lines in the graph. If
multiple Y data files are used, an equal number of colors may be used to control the
colors of the lines. Colors will be assigned to Y data in respect to the sequence of
instantiation on the command line. It can be one of GRASS GIS named colors or the RGB
values from 0-255 separated by colons (RRR:GGG:BBB).
Alternatively, the user can use the color_table option to specify one of the GRASS GIS
predefined color tables.
By default, a series of colors will be chosen by the module if none are provided upon
invocation. The order of default colors is red, green, violet, blue, orange, gray, brown,
magenta, white, and indigo. The user is advised not to rely on the order of default colors
but to either use the y_color or the color_table option to obtain predictable and
reproducible results.
The color to be used for titles, axis lines, tics, and scale numbers is determined by the
title_color option. The user can provide one of the GRASS GIS named colors (such as gray,
white, or black) or use the GRASS GIS colon-separated format for RGB (RRR:GGG:BBB).
Titles, labels, and tics
The title option specifies the text for the title of the graph. It will be centered over
the top of graph. The x_title option is a text to describe data for X axis. It will be
centered beneath the graph. Default is no text unless there is a need for a unit
descriptor determined by the d.linegraph module, then string such as "in hundreds" is
generated. The y_title option is a text to describe data for Y axis. It will be centered
beneath the X data description. Similarly, to the x_title option, default is no text
unless there is a need for an auto-generated description. In the case of graphs with
multiple lines (multiple inputs for Y axis), user may wish to use more specific text
placement using the d.text or v.label programs.
NOTES
For historical reasons, the d.linegraph module accepts titles of more than one word where
the underscore character ("_") is used to represent spaces (" "). For example
"Census_data_1990" would be printed over the graph as "Census data 1990". The use of
underscores is not necessary to use as long as the parameter is quoted in the command
line. In general, use of underscores is not recommended and there is no need to use it at
all in the GUI or when using d.linegraph in Python scripts.
The way the program locates and labels tic marks is less than perfect:
1) although distances between Y tics are proportional to the value, they are not
proportional on the X axis;
2) decimal values between -1 and 1 can be printed on the X axis, but not on Y. (With
respect to the later, the input for Y values can all be multiplied by a factor of 10
before graphing).
Depending on the user’s needs, it might be easier or more appropriate to use a 3rd party
tool such as xgraph, gnuplot, Matplotlib in Python, or R instead of d.linegraph. For a
more general solution for plotting in GRASS GIS, the user is advised to use the d.graph
module.
EXAMPLE
The following can be executed in Bash to create the input data for this example. The user
can just create these files in a text editor, save them and specify path to them.
cat > x.txt <<EOF
1
3
4
6
9
EOF
cat > y1.txt <<EOF
50
58
65
34
27
EOF
cat > y2.txt <<EOF
10
20
35
50
45
EOF
The next command sequence creates a file plot.png in the current directory which is the
drawing made by d.linegraph.
d.mon start=cairo output=plot.png width=400 height=400
d.linegraph x_file=x.txt y_file=y1.txt,y2.txt
d.mon stop=cairo
SEE ALSO
d.frame, d.text, v.label, d.graph, d.histogram
AUTHOR
Chris Rewerts, Agricultural Engineering, Purdue University
Last changed: $Date: 2017-02-02 10:10:41 +0100 (Thu, 02 Feb 2017) $
SOURCE CODE
Available at: d.linegraph source code (history)
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