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NAME
Cglobals - LCG thread-specific global variables interface
SYNOPSIS
#include <Cglobals.h>
void Cglobals_init(
int (*getspec) (int *key, void **addr),
int (*setspec) (int *key, void *addr),
int (*getTid) (void)
);
int Cglobals_get(int *key, void **addr, size_t size);
void Cglobals_getTid(int *Tid);
int C__serrno();
int C__rfio_errno();
int C__Copterr();
int C__Coptind();
int C__Coptopt();
int C__Coptreset();
char *C__Coptarg();
int C__h_errno();
DESCRIPTION
Cglobals is the interface where are defined all necessary functions that always return a thread-specific
value of global variables. Each package of LCG that needs to externalize thread-specific global variables
contains in its header, if compiled with threads turned on (e.g. the default), a set of:
an extern definition to a function contained in Cglobals
a #define macro that replaces all occurences of any global variable that needs to be thread-
specific to this Cglobal's function.
In order to satisfy packages not compiled with threads turned on, or that do not initialize LCG Thread
Interface's Cthread, any such global variable is also explicitly defined in Cglobals.
For example, taking the global error variable serrno, Cglobals source code contains:
an explicit definition of this variable serrno
an explicit definition, with source code, of a function C_serrno() that does only the following:
if Cglobals_init was not (successfully) called, return the address of the global variable
serrno
else return the address of a thread-safe specific memory, instanciated at the first call to
this function, that holds the content of the current instance of the thread-specific value
of serrno
The following description of Cglobals_init function is explaining internals of Cglobals and Cthread. In
theory no LCG application need to call Cglobals_init, you can skip if you want the following paragraphs,
and concentrate only on the other functions descriptions.
Cglobals_init is bundled to work with the LCG Thread Interface's Cthread. That is, any implicit or
explicit call to Cthread always makes sure that Cglobals_init is called, with three arguments that are:
a getspec function address that, given a static key address, returns the address of a Thread-
Specific memory into addr content. This uses an internal structure inside Cthread, allocated on
the heap, that is associated bijectively to key address. Cthread always explicitly allocates such
internal structure to any key address if it is unknown at the moment of the call to getspec.
In such a case it will return a NULL value into addr , and it will be the responsability of
Cglobals to allocate memory on the heap and to say to Cthread that this newly allocated memory is
the one to associate with key address, using setspec.
If the internal structure in Cthread associated bijectively to key yet exists, getspec only
returns what it knows about the thread-specific memory associated with it, which is a void *
member inside the same internal structure mentionned above.
a setspec function address that, given the key address and the addr value, previously instanciated
with a getspec call, and possibly allocated on the heap by Cglobals if necessary, will internally
explicitly call the Operating System Thread-Specific functions that will put the value of address
as something thread-specific, bijectively associated to another member of the internal structure
of Cthread, itself bijective to key.
a getTid function address that returns an unique integer identifier associated with any thread.
Cglobals_get returns in addr content the address of a thread-specific memory, e.g. thread-safe, that is
bijectively associated with the address of a *static*, e.g. constant, address key , that is automatically
created and filled with zeros if necessary, up to size bytes.
If the addr content, at return of Cglobals_get, is not NULL, you can safely fill this memory with any
value, provided you does not exceed the size bytes length specified in your previous call to
Cglobals_get. Because of applications that are not multi-threaded, the initial value of key has then an
importance, that's why it is necessary to always declare it with an initial value of -1.
Return code is -1 on error, 0 on success and not the first call for this key , 1 on success and it is the
first call for this key. This allows to distinguish when Cglobals_get() initialize the memory with zeros
(return code 1) and not (return code 0).
Cglobals_getTid uses the third function address, getTid , given as an argument to Cglobals_init, and will
return in Tid content the value returned by getTid.
C__serrno, C__rfio_errno, C__Copterr, C__Coptind, C__Coptopt, C__Coptreset, C__Coptarg and C__h_errno are
all the internal functions that return the address of the thread-specific memory hosting the value of the
'global' variables serrno, rfio_errno, Copterr, Coptind, Coptopt, Coptreset, Coptarg and h_errno,
respectively.
EXAMPLE
Any application can create its own instance of thread-specific global variable using Cglobals. You need
only to use Cglobals_get. Here is how to proceed.
/*
* The following shows how to define and use a thread-specific
* integer, my_var, inside your package
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <Cglobals.h> /* Get Cglobals_get prototype */
static int my_key = -1; /* Our static key, integer, init value -1 */
#define my_var (*C__my_var())
static int my_var_static; /* If Cglobals_get error in order not to crash */
int *C__my_var()
{
int *var;
/* Call Cglobals_get */
Cglobals_get(&my_key,
(void **) &var,
sizeof(int)
);
/* If error, var will be NULL */
if (var == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Cglobals_get error0);
return(&my_var_static);
}
return(var);
}
int main()
{
fprintf(stdout, "Current my_var value is: %d0, my_var);
fprintf(stdout, "Set my_var value to: %d0, 12);
my_var = 12;
fprintf(stdout, "Current my_var value is: %d0, my_var);
return(0);
}
The following example is the source of the test suite for Cglobals_get():
#include <Cthread_api.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <Cglobals.h> /* Get Cglobals_get prototype */
#include <serrno.h>
static int my_key = -1; /* Our static key, integer, init value -1 */
#define my_var (*C__my_var())
static int my_var_static; /* If Cglobals_get error in order not to crash */
void *doit _PROTO((void *));
int doit_v = 0;
#define NTHREAD 100
int *C__my_var()
{
int *var;
/* Call Cglobals_get */
switch (Cglobals_get(&my_key,
(void **) &var,
sizeof(int)
)) {
case -1:
fprintf(stderr,"[%d] Cglobals_get error0, Cthread_self());
break;
case 0:
fprintf(stderr,"[%d] Cglobals_get OK0, Cthread_self());
break;
case 1:
fprintf(stderr,"[%d] Cglobals_get OK and first call0, Cthread_self());
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr,"[%d] Cglobals_get unknown return code0, Cthread_self());
break;
}
/* If error, var will be NULL */
if (var == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"[%d] Cglobals_get error : RETURN static ADDRESS!!!!!!!!!!!!0, Cthread_self());
return(&my_var_static);
}
return(var);
}
int main()
{
int i;
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] ---> Before any Cthread call0, -1);
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] Current my_var value is: %d0, -1, my_var);
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] Set my_var value to: %d0, -1, 12);
my_var = 12;
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] Current my_var value is: %d0, -1, my_var);
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] Testing consistency0, -1);
if (my_var != 12) {
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] Cglobals_get worked ok0, -1);
exit(1);
}
sleep(1);
for (i = 0; i < NTHREAD; i++) {
Cthread_create(&doit, &doit_v);
doit_v++;
}
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] ---> After all Cthread_create calls0, -1);
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] Current my_var value is: %d0, -1, my_var);
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] Set my_var value to: %d0, -1, NTHREAD * 10000 + 12);
my_var = NTHREAD * 10000 + 12;
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] Current my_var value is: %d0, -1, my_var);
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] Testing consistency0, -1);
if (my_var != (NTHREAD * 10000 + 12)) {
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] Cglobals_get worked ok0, -1);
exit(1);
}
sleep(1);
exit(0);
}
void *doit(arg)
void *arg;
{
int Tid;
int doit = * (int *) arg;
Cglobals_getTid(&Tid);
my_var = (Tid + 1) * 100 + 12;
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] my_var value is: %d (should be %d)0, Cthread_self(), my_var, (Tid + 1) * 100 + 12);
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] second call -- my_var value is: %d (should be %d)0, Cthread_self(), my_var, (Tid + 1) * 100 + 12);
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] Testing consistency0, Cthread_self());
if (my_var != ((Tid + 1) * 100 + 12)) {
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] !!!!!!!!! ERROR !!!!!!!!!0, Cthread_self());
exit(1);
} else {
fprintf(stdout, "[%d] Cglobals_get worked ok0, Cthread_self());
}
return(0);
}
SEE ALSO
Cthread(3), serrno(3), Cgetopt(3)
AUTHOR
LCG Grid Deployment Team