Provided by: tk8.6-doc_8.6.8-4_all 
NAME
pack - Geometry manager that packs around edges of cavity
SYNOPSIS
pack option arg ?arg ...? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DESCRIPTION
The pack command is used to communicate with the packer, a geometry manager that arranges the children of
a parent by packing them in order around the edges of the parent. The pack command can have any of
several forms, depending on the option argument:
pack slave ?slave ...? ?options?
If the first argument to pack is a window name (any value starting with “.”), then the command is
processed in the same way as pack configure.
pack configure slave ?slave ...? ?options?
The arguments consist of the names of one or more slave windows followed by pairs of arguments
that specify how to manage the slaves. See THE PACKER ALGORITHM below for details on how the
options are used by the packer. The following options are supported:
-after other
Other must the name of another window. Use its master as the master for the slaves, and
insert the slaves just after other in the packing order.
-anchor anchor
Anchor must be a valid anchor position such as n or sw; it specifies where to position each
slave in its parcel. Defaults to center.
-before other
Other must the name of another window. Use its master as the master for the slaves, and
insert the slaves just before other in the packing order.
-expand boolean
Specifies whether the slaves should be expanded to consume extra space in their master.
Boolean may have any proper boolean value, such as 1 or no. Defaults to 0.
-fill style
If a slave's parcel is larger than its requested dimensions, this option may be used to
stretch the slave. Style must have one of the following values:
none Give the slave its requested dimensions plus any internal padding requested with
-ipadx or -ipady. This is the default.
x Stretch the slave horizontally to fill the entire width of its parcel (except leave
external padding as specified by -padx).
y Stretch the slave vertically to fill the entire height of its parcel (except leave
external padding as specified by -pady).
both Stretch the slave both horizontally and vertically.
-in other
Insert the slave(s) at the end of the packing order for the master window given by other.
-ipadx amount
Amount specifies how much horizontal internal padding to leave on each side of the
slave(s). Amount must be a valid screen distance, such as 2 or .5c. It defaults to 0.
-ipady amount
Amount specifies how much vertical internal padding to leave on each side of the slave(s).
Amount defaults to 0.
-padx amount
Amount specifies how much horizontal external padding to leave on each side of the
slave(s). Amount may be a list of two values to specify padding for left and right
separately. Amount defaults to 0.
-pady amount
Amount specifies how much vertical external padding to leave on each side of the slave(s).
Amount may be a list of two values to specify padding for top and bottom separately.
Amount defaults to 0.
-side side
Specifies which side of the master the slave(s) will be packed against. Must be left,
right, top, or bottom. Defaults to top.
If no -in, -after or -before option is specified then each of the slaves will be inserted at the
end of the packing list for its parent unless it is already managed by the packer (in which case
it will be left where it is). If one of these options is specified then all the slaves will be
inserted at the specified point. If any of the slaves are already managed by the geometry manager
then any unspecified options for them retain their previous values rather than receiving default
values.
pack forget slave ?slave ...?
Removes each of the slaves from the packing order for its master and unmaps their windows. The
slaves will no longer be managed by the packer.
pack info slave
Returns a list whose elements are the current configuration state of the slave given by slave in
the same option-value form that might be specified to pack configure. The first two elements of
the list are “-in master” where master is the slave's master.
pack propagate master ?boolean?
If boolean has a true boolean value such as 1 or on then propagation is enabled for master, which
must be a window name (see GEOMETRY PROPAGATION below). If boolean has a false boolean value then
propagation is disabled for master. In either of these cases an empty string is returned. If
boolean is omitted then the command returns 0 or 1 to indicate whether propagation is currently
enabled for master. Propagation is enabled by default.
pack slaves master
Returns a list of all of the slaves in the packing order for master. The order of the slaves in
the list is the same as their order in the packing order. If master has no slaves then an empty
string is returned.
THE PACKER ALGORITHM
For each master the packer maintains an ordered list of slaves called the packing list. The -in, -after,
and -before configuration options are used to specify the master for each slave and the slave's position
in the packing list. If none of these options is given for a slave then the slave is added to the end of
the packing list for its parent.
The packer arranges the slaves for a master by scanning the packing list in order. At the time it
processes each slave, a rectangular area within the master is still unallocated. This area is called the
cavity; for the first slave it is the entire area of the master.
For each slave the packer carries out the following steps:
[1] The packer allocates a rectangular parcel for the slave along the side of the cavity given by the
slave's -side option. If the side is top or bottom then the width of the parcel is the width of
the cavity and its height is the requested height of the slave plus the -ipady and -pady options.
For the left or right side the height of the parcel is the height of the cavity and the width is
the requested width of the slave plus the -ipadx and -padx options. The parcel may be enlarged
further because of the -expand option (see EXPANSION below)
[2] The packer chooses the dimensions of the slave. The width will normally be the slave's requested
width plus twice its -ipadx option and the height will normally be the slave's requested height
plus twice its -ipady option. However, if the -fill option is x or both then the width of the
slave is expanded to fill the width of the parcel, minus twice the -padx option. If the -fill
option is y or both then the height of the slave is expanded to fill the width of the parcel,
minus twice the -pady option.
[3] The packer positions the slave over its parcel. If the slave is smaller than the parcel then the
-anchor option determines where in the parcel the slave will be placed. If -padx or -pady is non-
zero, then the given amount of external padding will always be left between the slave and the
edges of the parcel.
Once a given slave has been packed, the area of its parcel is subtracted from the cavity, leaving a
smaller rectangular cavity for the next slave. If a slave does not use all of its parcel, the unused
space in the parcel will not be used by subsequent slaves. If the cavity should become too small to meet
the needs of a slave then the slave will be given whatever space is left in the cavity. If the cavity
shrinks to zero size, then all remaining slaves on the packing list will be unmapped from the screen
until the master window becomes large enough to hold them again.
EXPANSION
If a master window is so large that there will be extra space left over after all of its slaves have been
packed, then the extra space is distributed uniformly among all of the slaves for which the -expand
option is set. Extra horizontal space is distributed among the expandable slaves whose -side is left or
right, and extra vertical space is distributed among the expandable slaves whose -side is top or bottom.
GEOMETRY PROPAGATION
The packer normally computes how large a master must be to just exactly meet the needs of its slaves, and
it sets the requested width and height of the master to these dimensions. This causes geometry
information to propagate up through a window hierarchy to a top-level window so that the entire sub-tree
sizes itself to fit the needs of the leaf windows. However, the pack propagate command may be used to
turn off propagation for one or more masters. If propagation is disabled then the packer will not set
the requested width and height of the packer. This may be useful if, for example, you wish for a master
window to have a fixed size that you specify.
RESTRICTIONS ON MASTER WINDOWS
The master for each slave must either be the slave's parent (the default) or a descendant of the slave's
parent. This restriction is necessary to guarantee that the slave can be placed over any part of its
master that is visible without danger of the slave being clipped by its parent.
PACKING ORDER
If the master for a slave is not its parent then you must make sure that the slave is higher in the
stacking order than the master. Otherwise the master will obscure the slave and it will appear as if the
slave has not been packed correctly. The easiest way to make sure the slave is higher than the master is
to create the master window first: the most recently created window will be highest in the stacking
order. Or, you can use the raise and lower commands to change the stacking order of either the master or
the slave.
EXAMPLE
# Make the widgets
label .t -text "This widget is at the top" -bg red
label .b -text "This widget is at the bottom" -bg green
label .l -text "Left\nHand\nSide"
label .r -text "Right\nHand\nSide"
text .mid
.mid insert end "This layout is like Java's BorderLayout"
# Lay them out
pack .t -side top -fill x
pack .b -side bottom -fill x
pack .l -side left -fill y
pack .r -side right -fill y
pack .mid -expand 1 -fill both
SEE ALSO
grid(3tk), place(3tk)
KEYWORDS
geometry manager, location, packer, parcel, propagation, size