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NAME
digi — DigiBoard intelligent serial cards driver
SYNOPSIS
device digi
This man page was originally written for the dgb driver, and should likely be gone over with
a fine tooth comb to reflect differences with the digi driver.
When not defined the number is computed:
default NDGBPORTS = number_of_described_DigiBoard_cards * 16
If it is less than the actual number of ports the system will be able to use only the first
NDGBPORTS ports. If it is greater then all ports will be usable but some memory will be
wasted.
Meaning of flags:
0x0001 use alternate pinout (exchange DCD and DSR lines)
0x0002 do not use 8K window mode of PC/Xe
Device numbering:
0bCCmmmmmmmmOLIPPPPP
CCard number
mmmmmmmmajor number
callOut
Lock
Initial
PPPPPort number
DEPRECATION NOTICE
The digi driver will be removed in FreeBSD 12.0.
DESCRIPTION
The digi driver provides support for DigiBoard PC/Xe and PC/Xi series intelligent serial
multiport cards with asynchronous interfaces based on the EIA RS-232C (CCITT V.24) standard.
Input and output for each line may set to one of following baud rates; 50, 75, 110, 134.5,
150, 300, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, or for newer versions of
cards 115200.
The driver does not use any interrupts, it is “polling-based”. This means that it uses
clock interrupts instead of interrupts generated by DigiBoard cards and checks the state of
cards 25 times per second. This is practical because the DigiBoard cards have large input
and output buffers (more than 1Kbyte per port) and hardware that allows efficiently finding
the port that needs attention. The only problem seen with this policy is slower SLIP and
PPP response.
Each line in the kernel configuration file describes one card, not one port as in the sio(4)
driver.
The flags keyword may be used on each “device dgb” line in the kernel configuration file to
change the pinout of the interface or to use new PC/Xe cards which can work with an 8K
memory window in compatibility mode (with a 64K memory window). Note that using 8K memory
window does not mean shorter input/output buffers, it means only that all buffers will be
mapped to the same memory address and switched as needed.
The port value must be the same as the port set on the card by jumpers. For PC/Xi cards the
same rule is applicable to the iomem value. It must be the same as the memory address set
on the card by jumpers. For PC/Xe cards there is no need to use jumpers for this purpose.
In fact there are no jumpers to do it. Just write the address you want as the iomem value
in kernel config file and the card will be programmed to use this address.
The same range of memory addresses may be used for all the DigiBoards installed (but not for
any other card or real memory). DigiBoards with a large amount of memory (256K or 512K and
perhaps even 128K) must be mapped to memory addresses outside of the first megabyte. If the
computer has more than 15 megabytes of memory then there is no free address space outside of
the first megabyte where such DigiBoards can be mapped. In this case you may need to reduce
the amount of memory in the computer. But many machines provide a better solution. They
have the ability to “turn off” the memory in the 16th megabyte (addresses 0xF00000 -
0xFFFFFF) using the BIOS setup. Then the DigiBoard's address space can be set to this
“hole”.
Serial ports controlled by the digi driver can be used for both “callin” and “callout”. For
each port there is a callin device and a callout device. The minor number of the callout
device is 128 higher than that of the corresponding callin port. The callin device is
general purpose. Processes opening it normally wait for carrier and for the callout device
to become inactive. The callout device is used to steal the port from processes waiting for
carrier on the callin device. Processes opening it do not wait for carrier and put any
processes waiting for carrier on the callin device into a deeper sleep so that they do not
conflict with the callout session. The callout device is abused for handling programs that
are supposed to work on general ports and need to open the port without waiting but are too
stupid to do so.
The digi driver also supports an initial-state and a lock-state control device for each of
the callin and the callout “data” devices. The minor number of the initial-state device is
32 higher than that of the corresponding data device. The minor number of the lock-state
device is 64 higher than that of the corresponding data device. The termios settings of a
data device are copied from those of the corresponding initial-state device on first opens
and are not inherited from previous opens. Use stty(1) in the normal way on the initial-
state devices to program initial termios states suitable for your setup.
The lock termios state acts as flags to disable changing the termios state. E.g., to lock a
flag variable such as CRTSCTS, use “stty crtscts” on the lock-state device. Speeds and
special characters may be locked by setting the corresponding value in the lock-state device
to any nonzero value.
Correct programs talking to correctly wired external devices work with almost arbitrary
initial states and no locking, but other setups may benefit from changing some of the
default initial state and locking the state. In particular, the initial states for non
(POSIX) standard flags should be set to suit the devices attached and may need to be locked
to prevent buggy programs from changing them. E.g., CRTSCTS should be locked on for devices
that support RTS/CTS handshaking at all times and off for devices that do not support it at
all. CLOCAL should be locked on for devices that do not support carrier. HUPCL may be
locked off if you do not want to hang up for some reason. In general, very bad things
happen if something is locked to the wrong state, and things should not be locked for
devices that support more than one setting. The CLOCAL flag on callin ports should be
locked off for logins to avoid certain security holes, but this needs to be done by getty if
the callin port is used for anything else.
FILES
/dev/ttyD?? for callin ports
/dev/ttyiD??
/dev/ttylD?? corresponding callin initial-state and lock-state devices
/dev/cuaD?? for callout ports
/dev/cuaiD??
/dev/cualD?? corresponding callout initial-state and lock-state devices
/etc/rc.serial examples of setting the initial-state and lock-state devices
The first question mark in these device names is short for the card number (a decimal number
between 0 and 65535 inclusive). The second question mark is short for the port number (a
letter in the range [0-9a-v]).
DIAGNOSTICS
You may enable extended diagnostics by defining DEBUG at the start of the source file dgb.c.
dgbX: warning: address N truncated to M The memory address for the PC/Xe's 8K window is
misaligned (it should be on an 8K boundary) or outside of the first megabyte.
dgbX: 1st reset failed Problems with accessing I/O port of the card, probably the wrong
port value is specified in the kernel config file.
dgbX: 2nd reset failed Problems with hardware.
dgbX: N[st,nd,rd,th] memory test failed Problems with accessing the memory of the card,
probably the wrong iomem value is specified in the kernel config file.
dgbX: BIOS start failed Problems with starting the on-board BIOS. Probably the memory
addresses of the DigiBoard overlap with some other device or with RAM.
dgbX: BIOS download failed Problems with the on-board BIOS. Probably the memory addresses
of the DigiBoard overlap with some other device or with RAM.
dgbX: FEP code download failed Problems with downloading of the Front-End Processor's
micro-OS. Probably the memory addresses of the DigiBoard overlap with some other device or
with RAM.
dgbX: FEP/OS start failed Problems with starting of the Front-End Processor's micro-OS.
Probably the memory addresses of the DigiBoard overlap with some other device or with RAM.
dgbX: too many ports This DigiBoard reports that it has more than 32 ports. Perhaps a
hardware problem or the memory addresses of the DigiBoard overlap with some other device or
with RAM.
dgbX: only N ports are usable The NDGBPORTS parameter is too small and there is only enough
space allocated for N ports on this card.
dgbX: port Y is broken The on-board diagnostic has reported that the specified port has
hardware problems.
dgbX: polling of disabled board stopped Internal problems in the polling logic of driver.
dgbX: event queue's head or tail is wrong! Internal problems in the driver or hardware.
dgbX: port Y: got event on nonexisting port Some status changed on a port that is
physically present but is unusable due to misconfiguration.
dgbX: port Y: event N mstat M lstat K The driver got a strange event from card. Probably
this means that you have a newer card with an extended list of events or some other hardware
problem.
dgbX: port Y: overrun Input buffer has filled up. Problems in polling logic of driver.
dgbX: port Y: FEP command on disabled port Internal problems in driver.
dgbX: port Y: timeout on FEP command Problems in hardware.
SEE ALSO
stty(1), termios(4), tty(4), comcontrol(8)
HISTORY
The digi driver is derived from the sio(4) driver and the DigiBoard driver from Linux and is
currently under development.
BUGS
The implementation of sending BREAK is broken. BREAK of fixed length of 1/4 s is sent
anyway.
There was a bug in implementation of select(2). It is fixed now but not widely tested yet.
There is no ditty command. Most of its functions (alternate pinout, speed up to 115200
baud, etc.) are implemented in the driver itself. Some other functions are missing.