Provided by: openvswitch-switch_2.9.8-0ubuntu0.18.04.5_amd64 
NAME
ovs-vswitchd - Open vSwitch daemon
SYNOPSIS
ovs-vswitchd [database]
DESCRIPTION
A daemon that manages and controls any number of Open vSwitch switches on the local
machine.
The database argument specifies how ovs-vswitchd connects to ovsdb-server. database may
be an OVSDB active or passive connection method, as described in ovsdb(7). The default is
unix:/var/run/openvswitch/db.sock.
ovs-vswitchd retrieves its configuration from database at startup. It sets up Open
vSwitch datapaths and then operates switching across each bridge described in its
configuration files. As the database changes, ovs-vswitchd automatically updates its
configuration to match.
ovs-vswitchd switches may be configured with any of the following features:
• L2 switching with MAC learning.
• NIC bonding with automatic fail-over and source MAC-based TX load balancing
("SLB").
• 802.1Q VLAN support.
• Port mirroring, with optional VLAN tagging.
• NetFlow v5 flow logging.
• sFlow(R) monitoring.
• Connectivity to an external OpenFlow controller, such as NOX.
Only a single instance of ovs-vswitchd is intended to run at a time. A single
ovs-vswitchd can manage any number of switch instances, up to the maximum number of
supported Open vSwitch datapaths.
ovs-vswitchd does all the necessary management of Open vSwitch datapaths itself. Thus,
external tools, such ovs-dpctl(8), are not needed for managing datapaths in conjunction
with ovs-vswitchd, and their use to modify datapaths when ovs-vswitchd is running can
interfere with its operation. (ovs-dpctl may still be useful for diagnostics.)
An Open vSwitch datapath kernel module must be loaded for ovs-vswitchd to be useful.
Refer to the documentation for instructions on how to build and load the Open vSwitch
kernel module.
OPTIONS
--mlockall
Causes ovs-vswitchd to call the mlockall() function, to attempt to lock all of its
process memory into physical RAM, preventing the kernel from paging any of its
memory to disk. This helps to avoid networking interruptions due to system memory
pressure.
Some systems do not support mlockall() at all, and other systems only allow
privileged users, such as the superuser, to use it. ovs-vswitchd emits a log
message if mlockall() is unavailable or unsuccessful.
DPDK Options
For details on initializing the ovs-vswitchd DPDK datapath, refer to the documentation or
ovs-vswitchd.conf.db(5) for details.
Daemon Options
The following options are valid on POSIX based platforms.
--pidfile[=pidfile]
Causes a file (by default, ovs-vswitchd.pid) to be created indicating the PID of
the running process. If the pidfile argument is not specified, or if it does not
begin with /, then it is created in /var/run/openvswitch.
If --pidfile is not specified, no pidfile is created.
--overwrite-pidfile
By default, when --pidfile is specified and the specified pidfile already exists
and is locked by a running process, ovs-vswitchd refuses to start. Specify
--overwrite-pidfile to cause it to instead overwrite the pidfile.
When --pidfile is not specified, this option has no effect.
--detach
Runs ovs-vswitchd as a background process. The process forks, and in the child it
starts a new session, closes the standard file descriptors (which has the side
effect of disabling logging to the console), and changes its current directory to
the root (unless --no-chdir is specified). After the child completes its
initialization, the parent exits. ovs-vswitchd detaches only after it has
connected to the database, retrieved the initial configuration, and set up that
configuration.
--monitor
Creates an additional process to monitor the ovs-vswitchd daemon. If the daemon
dies due to a signal that indicates a programming error (SIGABRT, SIGALRM, SIGBUS,
SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGPIPE, SIGSEGV, SIGXCPU, or SIGXFSZ) then the monitor process
starts a new copy of it. If the daemon dies or exits for another reason, the
monitor process exits.
This option is normally used with --detach, but it also functions without it.
--no-chdir
By default, when --detach is specified, ovs-vswitchd changes its current working
directory to the root directory after it detaches. Otherwise, invoking
ovs-vswitchd from a carelessly chosen directory would prevent the administrator
from unmounting the file system that holds that directory.
Specifying --no-chdir suppresses this behavior, preventing ovs-vswitchd from
changing its current working directory. This may be useful for collecting core
files, since it is common behavior to write core dumps into the current working
directory and the root directory is not a good directory to use.
This option has no effect when --detach is not specified.
--no-self-confinement
By default daemon will try to self-confine itself to work with files under well-
know, at build-time whitelisted directories. It is better to stick with this
default behavior and not to use this flag unless some other Access Control is used
to confine daemon. Note that in contrast to other access control implementations
that are typically enforced from kernel-space (e.g. DAC or MAC), self-confinement
is imposed from the user-space daemon itself and hence should not be considered as
a full confinement strategy, but instead should be viewed as an additional layer of
security.
--user Causes ovs-vswitchd to run as a different user specified in "user:group", thus
dropping most of the root privileges. Short forms "user" and ":group" are also
allowed, with current user or group are assumed respectively. Only daemons started
by the root user accepts this argument.
On Linux, daemons will be granted CAP_IPC_LOCK and CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICES before
dropping root privileges. Daemons that interact with a datapath, such as
ovs-vswitchd, will be granted two additional capabilities, namely CAP_NET_ADMIN and
CAP_NET_RAW. The capability change will apply even if new user is "root".
On Windows, this option is not currently supported. For security reasons,
specifying this option will cause the daemon process not to start.
Service Options
The following options are valid only on Windows platform.
--service
Causes ovs-vswitchd to run as a service in the background. The service should
already have been created through external tools like SC.exe.
--service-monitor
Causes the ovs-vswitchd service to be automatically restarted by the Windows
services manager if the service dies or exits for unexpected reasons.
When --service is not specified, this option has no effect.
Public Key Infrastructure Options
-p privkey.pem
--private-key=privkey.pem
Specifies a PEM file containing the private key used as ovs-vswitchd's identity for
outgoing SSL connections.
-c cert.pem
--certificate=cert.pem
Specifies a PEM file containing a certificate that certifies the private key
specified on -p or --private-key to be trustworthy. The certificate must be signed
by the certificate authority (CA) that the peer in SSL connections will use to
verify it.
-C cacert.pem
--ca-cert=cacert.pem
Specifies a PEM file containing the CA certificate that ovs-vswitchd should use to
verify certificates presented to it by SSL peers. (This may be the same
certificate that SSL peers use to verify the certificate specified on -c or
--certificate, or it may be a different one, depending on the PKI design in use.)
-C none
--ca-cert=none
Disables verification of certificates presented by SSL peers. This introduces a
security risk, because it means that certificates cannot be verified to be those of
known trusted hosts.
--bootstrap-ca-cert=cacert.pem
When cacert.pem exists, this option has the same effect as -C or --ca-cert. If it
does not exist, then ovs-vswitchd will attempt to obtain the CA certificate from
the SSL peer on its first SSL connection and save it to the named PEM file. If it
is successful, it will immediately drop the connection and reconnect, and from then
on all SSL connections must be authenticated by a certificate signed by the CA
certificate thus obtained.
This option exposes the SSL connection to a man-in-the-middle attack obtaining the
initial CA certificate, but it may be useful for bootstrapping.
This option is only useful if the SSL peer sends its CA certificate as part of the
SSL certificate chain. The SSL protocol does not require the server to send the CA
certificate.
This option is mutually exclusive with -C and --ca-cert.
Logging Options
-v[spec]
--verbose=[spec]
Sets logging levels. Without any spec, sets the log level for every module and
destination to dbg. Otherwise, spec is a list of words separated by spaces or
commas or colons, up to one from each category below:
• A valid module name, as displayed by the vlog/list command on ovs-appctl(8),
limits the log level change to the specified module.
• syslog, console, or file, to limit the log level change to only to the
system log, to the console, or to a file, respectively. (If --detach is
specified, ovs-vswitchd closes its standard file descriptors, so logging to
the console will have no effect.)
On Windows platform, syslog is accepted as a word and is only useful along
with the --syslog-target option (the word has no effect otherwise).
• off, emer, err, warn, info, or dbg, to control the log level. Messages of
the given severity or higher will be logged, and messages of lower severity
will be filtered out. off filters out all messages. See ovs-appctl(8) for
a definition of each log level.
Case is not significant within spec.
Regardless of the log levels set for file, logging to a file will not take place
unless --log-file is also specified (see below).
For compatibility with older versions of OVS, any is accepted as a word but has no
effect.
-v
--verbose
Sets the maximum logging verbosity level, equivalent to --verbose=dbg.
-vPATTERN:destination:pattern
--verbose=PATTERN:destination:pattern
Sets the log pattern for destination to pattern. Refer to ovs-appctl(8) for a
description of the valid syntax for pattern.
-vFACILITY:facility
--verbose=FACILITY:facility
Sets the RFC5424 facility of the log message. facility can be one of kern, user,
mail, daemon, auth, syslog, lpr, news, uucp, clock, ftp, ntp, audit, alert, clock2,
local0, local1, local2, local3, local4, local5, local6 or local7. If this option is
not specified, daemon is used as the default for the local system syslog and local0
is used while sending a message to the target provided via the --syslog-target
option.
--log-file[=file]
Enables logging to a file. If file is specified, then it is used as the exact name
for the log file. The default log file name used if file is omitted is
/var/log/openvswitch/ovs-vswitchd.log.
--syslog-target=host:port
Send syslog messages to UDP port on host, in addition to the system syslog. The
host must be a numerical IP address, not a hostname.
--syslog-method=method
Specify method how syslog messages should be sent to syslog daemon. Following
forms are supported:
• libc, use libc syslog() function. This is the default behavior. Downside
of using this options is that libc adds fixed prefix to every message before
it is actually sent to the syslog daemon over /dev/log UNIX domain socket.
• unix:file, use UNIX domain socket directly. It is possible to specify
arbitrary message format with this option. However, rsyslogd 8.9 and older
versions use hard coded parser function anyway that limits UNIX domain
socket use. If you want to use arbitrary message format with older rsyslogd
versions, then use UDP socket to localhost IP address instead.
• udp:ip:port, use UDP socket. With this method it is possible to use
arbitrary message format also with older rsyslogd. When sending syslog
messages over UDP socket extra precaution needs to be taken into account,
for example, syslog daemon needs to be configured to listen on the specified
UDP port, accidental iptables rules could be interfering with local syslog
traffic and there are some security considerations that apply to UDP
sockets, but do not apply to UNIX domain sockets.
Other Options
--unixctl=socket
Sets the name of the control socket on which ovs-vswitchd listens for runtime
management commands (see RUNTIME MANAGEMENT COMMANDS, below). If socket does not
begin with /, it is interpreted as relative to /var/run/openvswitch. If --unixctl
is not used at all, the default socket is
/var/run/openvswitch/ovs-vswitchd.pid.ctl, where pid is ovs-vswitchd's process ID.
On Windows a local named pipe is used to listen for runtime management commands. A
file is created in the absolute path as pointed by socket or if --unixctl is not
used at all, a file is created as ovs-vswitchd.ctl in the configured OVS_RUNDIR
directory. The file exists just to mimic the behavior of a Unix domain socket.
Specifying none for socket disables the control socket feature.
-h
--help Prints a brief help message to the console.
-V
--version
Prints version information to the console.
RUNTIME MANAGEMENT COMMANDS
ovs-appctl(8) can send commands to a running ovs-vswitchd process. The currently
supported commands are described below. The command descriptions assume an understanding
of how to configure Open vSwitch.
GENERAL COMMANDS
exit --cleanup
Causes ovs-vswitchd to gracefully terminate. If --cleanup is specified, release
datapath resources configured by ovs-vswitchd. Otherwise, datapath flows and other
resources remains undeleted.
qos/show-types interface
Queries the interface for a list of Quality of Service types that are configurable
via Open vSwitch for the given interface.
qos/show interface
Queries the kernel for Quality of Service configuration and statistics associated
with the given interface.
bfd/show [interface]
Displays detailed information about Bidirectional Forwarding Detection configured
on interface. If interface is not specified, then displays detailed information
about all interfaces with BFD enabled.
bfd/set-forwarding [interface] status
Force the fault status of the BFD module on interface (or all interfaces if none is
given) to be status. status can be "true", "false", or "normal" which reverts to
the standard behavior.
cfm/show [interface]
Displays detailed information about Connectivity Fault Management configured on
interface. If interface is not specified, then displays detailed information about
all interfaces with CFM enabled.
cfm/set-fault [interface] status
Force the fault status of the CFM module on interface (or all interfaces if none is
given) to be status. status can be "true", "false", or "normal" which reverts to
the standard behavior.
stp/tcn [bridge]
Forces a topology change event on bridge if it's running STP. This may cause it to
send Topology Change Notifications to its peers and flush its MAC table. If no
bridge is given, forces a topology change event on all bridges.
stp/show [bridge]
Displays detailed information about spanning tree on the bridge. If bridge is not
specified, then displays detailed information about all bridges with STP enabled.
rstp/tcn [bridge]
Forces a topology change event on bridge if it's running RSTP. This may cause it
to send Topology Change Notifications to its peers and flush its MAC table. If no
bridge is given, forces a topology change event on all bridges.
rstp/show [bridge]
Displays detailed information about rapid spanning tree on the bridge. If bridge
is not specified, then displays detailed information about all bridges with RSTP
enabled.
BRIDGE COMMANDS
These commands manage bridges.
fdb/flush [bridge]
Flushes bridge MAC address learning table, or all learning tables if no bridge is
given.
fdb/show bridge
Lists each MAC address/VLAN pair learned by the specified bridge, along with the
port on which it was learned and the age of the entry, in seconds.
mdb/flush [bridge]
Flushes bridge multicast snooping table, or all snooping tables if no bridge is
given.
mdb/show bridge
Lists each multicast group/VLAN pair learned by the specified bridge, along with
the port on which it was learned and the age of the entry, in seconds.
bridge/reconnect [bridge]
Makes bridge drop all of its OpenFlow controller connections and reconnect. If
bridge is not specified, then all bridges drop their controller connections and
reconnect.
This command might be useful for debugging OpenFlow controller issues.
bridge/dump-flows bridge
Lists all flows in bridge, including those normally hidden to commands such as
ovs-ofctl dump-flows. Flows set up by mechanisms such as in-band control and fail-
open are hidden from the controller since it is not allowed to modify or override
them.
BOND COMMANDS
These commands manage bonded ports on an Open vSwitch's bridges. To understand some of
these commands, it is important to understand a detail of the bonding implementation
called ``source load balancing'' (SLB). Instead of directly assigning Ethernet source
addresses to slaves, the bonding implementation computes a function that maps an 48-bit
Ethernet source addresses into an 8-bit value (a ``MAC hash'' value). All of the Ethernet
addresses that map to a single 8-bit value are then assigned to a single slave.
bond/list
Lists all of the bonds, and their slaves, on each bridge.
bond/show [port]
Lists all of the bond-specific information (updelay, downdelay, time until the next
rebalance) about the given bonded port, or all bonded ports if no port is given.
Also lists information about each slave: whether it is enabled or disabled, the
time to completion of an updelay or downdelay if one is in progress, whether it is
the active slave, the hashes assigned to the slave. Any LACP information related
to this bond may be found using the lacp/show command.
bond/migrate port hash slave
Only valid for SLB bonds. Assigns a given MAC hash to a new slave. port specifies
the bond port, hash the MAC hash to be migrated (as a decimal number between 0 and
255), and slave the new slave to be assigned.
The reassignment is not permanent: rebalancing or fail-over will cause the MAC hash
to be shifted to a new slave in the usual manner.
A MAC hash cannot be migrated to a disabled slave.
bond/set-active-slave port slave
Sets slave as the active slave on port. slave must currently be enabled.
The setting is not permanent: a new active slave will be selected if slave becomes
disabled.
bond/enable-slave port slave
bond/disable-slave port slave
Enables (or disables) slave on the given bond port, skipping any updelay (or
downdelay).
This setting is not permanent: it persists only until the carrier status of slave
changes.
bond/hash mac [vlan] [basis]
Returns the hash value which would be used for mac with vlan and basis if
specified.
lacp/show [port]
Lists all of the LACP related information about the given port: active or passive,
aggregation key, system id, and system priority. Also lists information about each
slave: whether it is enabled or disabled, whether it is attached or detached, port
id and priority, actor information, and partner information. If port is not
specified, then displays detailed information about all interfaces with CFM
enabled.
DPCTL DATAPATH DEBUGGING COMMANDS
The primary way to configure ovs-vswitchd is through the Open vSwitch database, e.g. using
ovs-vsctl(8). These commands provide a debugging interface for managing datapaths. They
implement the same features (and syntax) as ovs-dpctl(8). Unlike ovs-dpctl(8), these
commands work with datapaths that are integrated into ovs-vswitchd (e.g. the netdev
datapath type).
dpctl/add-dp dp [netdev[,option]...]
Creates datapath dp, with a local port also named dp. This will fail if a network
device dp already exists.
If netdevs are specified, ovs-vswitchd adds them to the new datapath, just as if
add-if was specified.
dpctl/del-dp dp
Deletes datapath dp. If dp is associated with any network devices, they are
automatically removed.
dpctl/add-if dp netdev[,option]...
Adds each netdev to the set of network devices datapath dp monitors, where dp is
the name of an existing datapath, and netdev is the name of one of the host's
network devices, e.g. eth0. Once a network device has been added to a datapath,
the datapath has complete ownership of the network device's traffic and the network
device appears silent to the rest of the system.
A netdev may be followed by a comma-separated list of options. The following
options are currently supported:
type=type
Specifies the type of port to add. The default type is system.
port_no=port
Requests a specific port number within the datapath. If this option is not
specified then one will be automatically assigned.
key=value
Adds an arbitrary key-value option to the port's configuration.
ovs-vswitchd.conf.db(5) documents the available port types and options.
dpctl/set-if dp port[,option]...
Reconfigures each port in dp as specified. An option of the form key=value adds
the specified key-value option to the port or overrides an existing key's value.
An option of the form key=, that is, without a value, deletes the key-value named
key. The type and port number of a port cannot be changed, so type and port_no are
only allowed if they match the existing configuration.
dpctl/del-if dp netdev...
Removes each netdev from the list of network devices datapath dp monitors.
dpctl/dump-dps
Prints the name of each configured datapath on a separate line.
dpctl/show [-s | --statistics] [dp...]
Prints a summary of configured datapaths, including their datapath numbers and a
list of ports connected to each datapath. (The local port is identified as port
0.) If -s or --statistics is specified, then packet and byte counters are also
printed for each port.
The datapath numbers consists of flow stats and mega flow mask stats.
The "lookups" row displays three stats related to flow lookup triggered by
processing incoming packets in the datapath. "hit" displays number of packets
matches existing flows. "missed" displays the number of packets not matching any
existing flow and require user space processing. "lost" displays number of packets
destined for user space process but subsequently dropped before reaching userspace.
The sum of "hit" and "miss" equals to the total number of packets datapath
processed.
The "flows" row displays the number of flows in datapath.
The "masks" row displays the mega flow mask stats. This row is omitted for datapath
not implementing mega flow. "hit" displays the total number of masks visited for
matching incoming packets. "total" displays number of masks in the datapath.
"hit/pkt" displays the average number of masks visited per packet; the ratio
between "hit" and total number of packets processed by the datapath.
If one or more datapaths are specified, information on only those datapaths are
displayed. Otherwise, ovs-vswitchd displays information about all configured
datapaths.
DATAPATH FLOW TABLE DEBUGGING COMMANDS
The following commands are primarily useful for debugging Open vSwitch. The flow table
entries (both matches and actions) that they work with are not OpenFlow flow entries.
Instead, they are different and considerably simpler flows maintained by the Open vSwitch
kernel module. Use ovs-ofctl(8), instead, to work with OpenFlow flow entries.
The dp argument to each of these commands is optional when exactly one datapath exists, in
which case that datapath is the default. When multiple datapaths exist, then a datapath
name is required.
dpctl/dump-flows [-m | --more] [--names | --no-names] [dp] [filter=filter] [type=type]
Prints to the console all flow entries in datapath dp's flow table. Without -m or
--more, output omits match fields that a flow wildcards entirely; with -m or
--more, output includes all wildcarded fields.
If filter=filter is specified, only displays the flows that match the filter.
filter is a flow in the form similiar to that accepted by ovs-ofctl(8)'s add-flow
command. (This is not an OpenFlow flow: besides other differences, it never
contains wildcards.) The filter is also useful to match wildcarded fields in the
datapath flow. As an example, filter='tcp,tp_src=100' will match the datapath flow
containing 'tcp(src=80/0xff00,dst=8080/0xff)'.
If type=type is specified, only displays flows of a specific type. type can be
offloaded to display only offloaded rules or ovs to display only non-offloaded
rules. By default both offloaded and non-offloaded rules are displayed.
dpctl/add-flow [dp] flow actions
dpctl/mod-flow [--clear] [--may-create] [-s | --statistics] [dp] flow actions
Adds or modifies a flow in dp's flow table that, when a packet matching flow
arrives, causes actions to be executed.
The add-flow command succeeds only if flow does not already exist in dp.
Contrariwise, mod-flow without --may-create only modifies the actions for an
existing flow. With --may-create, mod-flow will add a new flow or modify an
existing one.
If -s or --statistics is specified, then mod-flow prints the modified flow's
statistics. A flow's statistics are the number of packets and bytes that have
passed through the flow, the elapsed time since the flow last processed a packet
(if ever), and (for TCP flows) the union of the TCP flags processed through the
flow.
With --clear, mod-flow zeros out the flow's statistics. The statistics printed if
-s or --statistics is also specified are those from just before clearing the
statistics.
NOTE: flow and actions do not match the syntax used with ovs-ofctl(8)'s add-flow
command.
Usage Examples
Forward ARP between ports 1 and 2 on datapath myDP:
ovs-dpctl add-flow myDP \
"in_port(1),eth(),eth_type(0x0806),arp()" 2
ovs-dpctl add-flow myDP \
"in_port(2),eth(),eth_type(0x0806),arp()" 1
Forward all IPv4 traffic between two addresses on ports 1 and 2:
ovs-dpctl add-flow myDP \
"in_port(1),eth(),eth_type(0x800),\
ipv4(src=172.31.110.4,dst=172.31.110.5)" 2
ovs-dpctl add-flow myDP \
"in_port(2),eth(),eth_type(0x800),\
ipv4(src=172.31.110.5,dst=172.31.110.4)" 1
dpctl/del-flow [-s | --statistics] [dp] flow
Deletes the flow from dp's flow table that matches flow. If -s or --statistics is
specified, then del-flow prints the deleted flow's statistics.
dpctl/get-flow [dp] ufid:ufid [-m | --more] [--names | --no-names]
Fetches the flow from dp's flow table with unique identifier ufid. ufid must be
specified as a string of 32 hexadecimal characters.
dpctl/del-flows [dp]
Deletes all flow entries from datapath dp's flow table.
CONNECTION TRACKING TABLE DEBUGGING COMMANDS
The following commands are primarily useful for debugging the connection tracking entries
in the datapath.
The dp argument to each of these commands is optional when exactly one datapath exists, in
which case that datapath is the default. When multiple datapaths exist, then a datapath
name is required.
N.B.(Linux specific): the system datapaths (i.e. the Linux kernel module Open vSwitch
datapaths) share a single connection tracking table (which is also used by other kernel
subsystems, such as iptables, nftables and the regular host stack). Therefore, the
following commands do not apply specifically to one datapath.
dpctl/dump-conntrack [-m | --more] [-s | --statistics] [dp] [zone=zone]
Prints to the console all the connection entries in the tracker used by dp. If
zone=zone is specified, only shows the connections in zone. With --more, some
implementation specific details are included. With --statistics timeouts and
timestamps are added to the output.
dpctl/flush-conntrack [dp] [zone=zone] [ct-tuple]
Flushes the connection entries in the tracker used by dp based on zone and
connection tracking tuple ct-tuple. If ct-tuple is not provided, flushes all the
connection entries. If zone=zone is specified, only flushes the connections in
zone.
If ct-tuple is provided, flushes the connection entry specified by ct-tuple in
zone. The zone defaults to 0 if it is not provided. An example of an IPv4 ICMP ct-
tuple:
"ct_nw_src=10.1.1.1,ct_nw_dst=10.1.1.2,ct_nw_proto=1,icmp_type=8,icmp_code=0,icmp_id=10"
An example of an IPv6 TCP ct-tuple:
"ct_ipv6_src=fc00::1,ct_ipv6_dst=fc00::2,ct_nw_proto=6,ct_tp_src=1,ct_tp_dst=2"
dpctl/ct-stats-show [dp] [zone=zone] [verbose]
Displays the number of connections grouped by protocol used by dp. If zone=zone is
specified, numbers refer to the connections in zone. The verbose option allows to
group by connection state for each protocol.
dpctl/ct-bkts [dp] [gt=Threshold]
For each ConnTracker bucket, displays the number of connections used by dp. If
gt=Threshold is specified, bucket numbers are displayed when the number of
connections in a bucket is greater than Threshold.
dpctl/ct-set-maxconns [dp] param
Set the maximum limit of connection tracker connections. Can be used to reduce the
processing load on the system due to connection tracking or simply limiting
connection tracking. If the number of connections is already beyond the new
maximum limit request for the number of connections then the new maximum limit will
be enforced when the number of connections decreases to that limit, which normally
happens due to connection expiry. Only supported for userspace datapath.
dpctl/ct-get-maxconns [dp]
Read the maximum limit of connection tracker connections. Only supported for
userspace datapath.
dpctl/ct-get-nconns [dp]
Read the current number of connection tracker connections. Only supported for
userspace datapath.
DPIF-NETDEV COMMANDS
These commands are used to expose internal information (mostly statistics) about the
``dpif-netdev'' userspace datapath. If there is only one datapath (as is often the case,
unless dpctl/ commands are used), the dp argument can be omitted.
dpif-netdev/pmd-stats-show [dp]
Shows performance statistics for each pmd thread of the datapath dp. The special
thread ``main'' sums up the statistics of every non pmd thread. The sum of ``emc
hits'', ``masked hits'' and ``miss'' is the number of packets received by the
datapath. Cycles are counted using the TSC or similar facilities (when available
on the platform). To reset these counters use dpif-netdev/pmd-stats-clear. The
duration of one cycle depends on the measuring infrastructure. ``idle cycles''
refers to cycles spent polling devices but not receiving any packets. ``processing
cycles'' refers to cycles spent polling devices and successfully receiving packets,
plus the cycles spent processing said packets.
dpif-netdev/pmd-stats-clear [dp]
Resets to zero the per pmd thread performance numbers shown by the dpif-netdev/pmd-
stats-show command. It will NOT reset datapath or bridge statistics, only the
values shown by the above command.
dpif-netdev/pmd-rxq-show [dp]
For each pmd thread of the datapath dp shows list of queue-ids with port names,
which this thread polls.
dpif-netdev/pmd-rxq-rebalance [dp]
Reassigns rxqs to pmds in the datapath dp based on their current usage.
NETDEV-DPDK COMMANDS
These commands manage DPDK related ports (type=dpdk*).
netdev-dpdk/set-admin-state [interface] up | down
Change the admin state for DPDK interface to up or down. If interface is not
specified, then it applies to all DPDK ports.
netdev-dpdk/detach pci-address
Detaches device with corresponding pci-address from DPDK. This command can be used
to detach device if it wasn't detached automatically after port deletion. Refer to
the documentation for details and instructions.
netdev-dpdk/get-mempool-info [interface]
Prints the debug information about memory pool used by DPDK interface. If called
without arguments, information of all the available mempools will be printed. For
additional mempool statistics enable CONFIG_RTE_LIBRTE_MEMPOOL_DEBUG while building
DPDK.
DATAPATH DEBUGGING COMMANDS
These commands query and modify datapaths. They are are similar to ovs-dpctl(8) commands.
dpif/show has the additional functionality, beyond dpctl/show of printing OpenFlow port
numbers. The other commands are redundant and will be removed in a future release.
dpif/dump-dps
Prints the name of each configured datapath on a separate line.
dpif/show
Prints a summary of configured datapaths, including statistics and a list of
connected ports. The port information includes the OpenFlow port number, datapath
port number, and the type. (The local port is identified as OpenFlow port 65534.)
dpif/dump-flows [-m] dp
Prints to the console all flow entries in datapath dp's flow table. Without -m,
output omits match fields that a flow wildcards entirely; with -m output includes
all wildcarded fields.
This command is primarily useful for debugging Open vSwitch. The flow table
entries that it displays are not OpenFlow flow entries. Instead, they are
different and considerably simpler flows maintained by the datapath module. If you
wish to see the OpenFlow flow entries, use ovs-ofctl dump-flows.
dpif/del-flows dp
Deletes all flow entries from datapath dp's flow table and underlying datapath
implementation (e.g., kernel datapath module).
This command is primarily useful for debugging Open vSwitch. As discussed in
dpif/dump-flows, these entries are not OpenFlow flow entries.
OFPROTO COMMANDS
These commands manage the core OpenFlow switch implementation (called ofproto).
ofproto/list
Lists the names of the running ofproto instances. These are the names that may be
used on ofproto/trace.
ofproto/trace [dpname] odp_flow [OPTIONS] [-generate | packet]
ofproto/trace bridge br_flow [OPTIONS] [-generate | packet]
ofproto/trace-packet-out [-consistent] [dpname] odp_flow [OPTIONS] [-generate | packet]
actions
ofproto/trace-packet-out [-consistent] bridge br_flow [OPTIONS] [-generate | packet]
actions
Traces the path of an imaginary packet through switch and reports the path that it
took. The initial treatment of the packet varies based on the command:
• ofproto/trace looks the packet up in the OpenFlow flow table, as if the
packet had arrived on an OpenFlow port.
• ofproto/trace-packet-out applies the specified OpenFlow actions, as if the
packet, flow, and actions had been specified in an OpenFlow ``packet-out''
request.
The packet's headers (e.g. source and destination) and metadata (e.g. input port),
together called its ``flow,'' are usually all that matter for the purpose of
tracing a packet. You can specify the flow in the following ways:
dpname odp_flow
odp_flow is a flow in the form printed by ovs-dpctl(8)'s dump-flows command.
If all of your bridges have the same type, which is the common case, then
you can omit dpname, but if you have bridges of different types (say, both
ovs-netdev and ovs-system), then you need to specify a dpname to
disambiguate.
bridge br_flow
br_flow is a flow in the form similar to that accepted by ovs-ofctl(8)'s
add-flow command. (This is not an OpenFlow flow: besides other differences,
it never contains wildcards.) bridge names of the bridge through which
br_flow should be traced.
ofproto/trace supports the following options:
--ct-next flags
When the traced flow triggers conntrack actions, ofproto/trace will
automatically trace the forked packet processing pipeline with user
specified ct_state. This option sets the ct_state flags that the conntrack
module will report. The flags must be a comma- or space-separated list of
the following connection tracking flags:
• trk: Include to indicate connection tracking has taken place.
• new: Include to indicate a new flow.
• est: Include to indicate an established flow.
• rel: Include to indicate a related flow.
• rpl: Include to indicate a reply flow.
• inv: Include to indicate a connection entry in a bad state.
• dnat: Include to indicate a packet whose destination IP address has
been changed.
• snat: Include to indicate a packet whose source IP address has been
changed.
When --ct-next is unspecified, or when there are fewer --ct-next options
than ct actions, the flags default to trk,new.
Most commonly, one specifies only a flow, using one of the forms above, but
sometimes one might need to specify an actual packet instead of just a flow:
Side effects.
Some actions have side effects. For example, the normal action can update
the MAC learning table, and the learn action can change OpenFlow tables.
The trace commands only perform side effects when a packet is specified. If
you want side effects to take place, then you must supply a packet.
(Side effects when tracing do not have external consequences. Even if a
packet is specified, a trace will not output a packet or generate sFlow,
NetFlow or controller events.)
Incomplete information.
Most of the time, Open vSwitch can figure out everything about the path of a
packet using just the flow, but in some special circumstances it needs to
look at parts of the packet that are not included in the flow. When this is
the case, and you do not supply a packet, then a trace command will tell you
it needs a packet.
If you wish to include a packet as part of a trace operation, there are two ways to
do it:
-generate
This option, added to one of the ways to specify a flow already described,
causes Open vSwitch to internally generate a packet with the flow described
and then to use that packet. If your goal is to execute side effects, then
-generate is the easiest way to do it, but -generate is not a good way to
fill in incomplete information, because it generates packets based on only
the flow information, which means that the packets really do not have any
more information than the flow.
packet This form supplies an explicit packet as a sequence of hex digits. An
Ethernet frame is at least 14 bytes long, so there must be at least 28 hex
digits. Obviously, it is inconvenient to type in the hex digits by hand, so
the ovs-pcap(1) and ovs-tcpundump(1) utilities provide easier ways.
With this form, packet headers are extracted directly from packet, so the
odp_flow or br_flow should specify only metadata. The metadata can be:
skb_priority
Packet QoS priority.
pkt_mark
Mark of the packet.
ct_state
Connection state of the packet.
ct_zone
Connection tracking zone for packet.
ct_mark
Connection mark of the packet.
ct_label
Connection label of the packet.
tun_id The tunnel ID on which the packet arrived.
in_port
The port on which the packet arrived.
The in_port value is kernel datapath port number for the first format and OpenFlow
port number for the second format. The numbering of these two types of port usually
differs and there is no relationship.
ofproto-trace-packet-out accepts an additional -consistent option. With this
option specified, the command rejects actions that are inconsistent with the
specified packet. (An example of an inconsistency is attempting to strip the VLAN
tag from a packet that does not have a VLAN tag.) Open vSwitch ignores most forms
of inconsistency in OpenFlow 1.0 and rejects inconsistencies in later versions of
OpenFlow. The option is necessary because the command does not ordinarily imply a
particular OpenFlow version. One exception is that, when actions includes an
action that only OpenFlow 1.1 and later supports (such as push_vlan), -consistent
is automatically enabled.
Usage examples:
Trace an unicast ICMP echo request on ingress port 1 to destination MAC
00:00:5E:00:53:01
ofproto/trace br in_port=1,icmp,icmp_type=8,\
dl_dst=00:00:5E:00:53:01
Trace an unicast ICMP echo reply on ingress port 1 to destination MAC
00:00:5E:00:53:01
ofproto/trace br in_port=1,icmp,icmp_type=0,\
dl_dst=00:00:5E:00:53:01
Trace an ARP request on ingress port 1
ofproto/trace br in_port=1,arp,arp_op=1
Trace an ARP reply on ingress port 1
ofproto/trace br in_port=1,arp,arp_op=2
VLOG COMMANDS
These commands manage ovs-vswitchd's logging settings.
vlog/set [spec]
Sets logging levels. Without any spec, sets the log level for every module and
destination to dbg. Otherwise, spec is a list of words separated by spaces or
commas or colons, up to one from each category below:
• A valid module name, as displayed by the vlog/list command on ovs-appctl(8),
limits the log level change to the specified module.
• syslog, console, or file, to limit the log level change to only to the
system log, to the console, or to a file, respectively.
On Windows platform, syslog is accepted as a word and is only useful along
with the --syslog-target option (the word has no effect otherwise).
• off, emer, err, warn, info, or dbg, to control the log level. Messages of
the given severity or higher will be logged, and messages of lower severity
will be filtered out. off filters out all messages. See ovs-appctl(8) for
a definition of each log level.
Case is not significant within spec.
Regardless of the log levels set for file, logging to a file will not take place
unless ovs-vswitchd was invoked with the --log-file option.
For compatibility with older versions of OVS, any is accepted as a word but has no
effect.
vlog/set PATTERN:destination:pattern
Sets the log pattern for destination to pattern. Refer to ovs-appctl(8) for a
description of the valid syntax for pattern.
vlog/list
Lists the supported logging modules and their current levels.
vlog/list-pattern
Lists logging patterns used for each destination.
vlog/close
Causes ovs-vswitchd to close its log file, if it is open. (Use vlog/reopen to
reopen it later.)
vlog/reopen
Causes ovs-vswitchd to close its log file, if it is open, and then reopen it.
(This is useful after rotating log files, to cause a new log file to be used.)
This has no effect unless ovs-vswitchd was invoked with the --log-file option.
vlog/disable-rate-limit [module]...
vlog/enable-rate-limit [module]...
By default, ovs-vswitchd limits the rate at which certain messages can be logged.
When a message would appear more frequently than the limit, it is suppressed. This
saves disk space, makes logs easier to read, and speeds up execution, but
occasionally troubleshooting requires more detail. Therefore,
vlog/disable-rate-limit allows rate limits to be disabled at the level of an
individual log module. Specify one or more module names, as displayed by the
vlog/list command. Specifying either no module names at all or the keyword any
disables rate limits for every log module.
The vlog/enable-rate-limit command, whose syntax is the same as
vlog/disable-rate-limit, can be used to re-enable a rate limit that was previously
disabled.
MEMORY COMMANDS
These commands report memory usage.
memory/show
Displays some basic statistics about ovs-vswitchd's memory usage. ovs-vswitchd
also logs this information soon after startup and periodically as its memory
consumption grows.
COVERAGE COMMANDS
These commands manage ovs-vswitchd's ``coverage counters,'' which count the number of
times particular events occur during a daemon's runtime. In addition to these commands,
ovs-vswitchd automatically logs coverage counter values, at INFO level, when it detects
that the daemon's main loop takes unusually long to run.
Coverage counters are useful mainly for performance analysis and debugging.
coverage/show
Displays the averaged per-second rates for the last few seconds, the last minute
and the last hour, and the total counts of all of the coverage counters.
OPENVSWITCH TUNNELING COMMANDS
These commands query and modify OVS tunnel components.
ovs/route/add ipv4_address/plen output_bridge [GW]
Adds ipv4_address/plen route to vswitchd routing table. output_bridge needs to be
OVS bridge name. This command is useful if OVS cached routes does not look right.
ovs/route/show
Print all routes in OVS routing table, This includes routes cached from system
routing table and user configured routes.
ovs/route/del ipv4_address/plen
Delete ipv4_address/plen route from OVS routing table.
tnl/neigh/show
tnl/arp/show
OVS builds ARP cache by snooping are messages. This command shows ARP cache table.
tnl/neigh/set bridge ip mac
tnl/arp/set bridge ip mac
Adds or modifies an ARP cache entry in bridge, mapping ip to mac.
tnl/neigh/flush
tnl/arp/flush
Flush ARP table.
tnl/egress_port_range [num1] [num2]
Set range for UDP source port used for UDP based Tunnels. For example VxLAN. If
case of zero arguments this command prints current range in use.
OPENFLOW IMPLEMENTATION
This section documents aspects of OpenFlow for which the OpenFlow specification requires
documentation.
Packet buffering.
The OpenFlow specification, version 1.2, says:
Switches that implement buffering are expected to expose, through documentation,
both the amount of available buffering, and the length of time before buffers may
be reused.
Open vSwitch does not maintains any packet buffers.
Bundle lifetime
The OpenFlow specification, version 1.4, says:
If the switch does not receive any OFPT_BUNDLE_CONTROL or OFPT_BUNDLE_ADD_MESSAGE
message for an opened bundle_id for a switch defined time greater than 1s, it may
send an ofp_error_msg with OFPET_BUNDLE_FAILED type and OFPBFC_TIMEOUT code. If
the switch does not receive any new message in a bundle apart from echo request and
replies for a switch defined time greater than 1s, it may send an ofp_error_msg
with OFPET_BUNDLE_FAILED type and OFPBFC_TIMEOUT code.
Open vSwitch implements idle bundle lifetime of 10 seconds.
LIMITS
We believe these limits to be accurate as of this writing. These limits assume the use of
the Linux kernel datapath.
• ovs-vswitchd started through ovs-ctl(8) provides a limit of 65535 file descriptors.
The limits on the number of bridges and ports is decided by the availability of
file descriptors. With the Linux kernel datapath, creation of a single bridge
consumes three file descriptors and adding a port consumes "n-handler-threads" file
descriptors per bridge port. Performance will degrade beyond 1,024 ports per
bridge due to fixed hash table sizing. Other platforms may have different
limitations.
• 2,048 MAC learning entries per bridge, by default. (This is configurable via
other-config:mac-table-size in the Bridge table. See ovs-vswitchd.conf.db(5) for
details.)
• Kernel flows are limited only by memory available to the kernel. Performance will
degrade beyond 1,048,576 kernel flows per bridge with a 32-bit kernel, beyond
262,144 with a 64-bit kernel. (ovs-vswitchd should never install anywhere near
that many flows.)
• OpenFlow flows are limited only by available memory. Performance is linear in the
number of unique wildcard patterns. That is, an OpenFlow table that contains many
flows that all match on the same fields in the same way has a constant-time lookup,
but a table that contains many flows that match on different fields requires lookup
time linear in the number of flows.
• 255 ports per bridge participating in 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol.
• 32 mirrors per bridge.
• 15 bytes for the name of a port. (This is a Linux kernel limitation.)
SEE ALSO
ovs-appctl(8), ovsdb-server(1).