Provided by: dyndns_2016.1021-2_all 
NAME
dyndns - Update IP address to dynamic DNS (DDNS) provider
SYNOPSIS
dyndns --login LOGIN --password PASSWORD \
--host yourhost.dyndns.org
DESCRIPTION
A cross platform Perl client for updating dynamic DNS IP information at supported providers (see
"--provider"). By Default this program expects www.dyndns.org provider.
The dynamic DNS services allow mapping a dynamic IP address to a static hostname. This way the host can
be referred by name instead of the changing IP address from the ISP's pool. Some DDNS providers offer a
single account and a single host namefree of charge. Please check the information from the Providers'
pages.
Separate files are used for remembering the last IP address to prevent updating the same IP address
again. This is necessary in order to comply guidelines of the providers where multiple updates of the
same IP address could cause your domain to be blocked. You should not normally need to touch the files
where the IP addresses are stored.
If you know what you are doing and desperately need a forced update, delete the IP files and start
program with appropriate arguments. Without the information about previous IP address, program sends a
new update request to the provider.
Program has been designed to work under any version of Windows or Linux, possibly Mac OS included. It may
not work under other Unix/BSD variants. Please see BUGS section how to provide details to add support for
other operating systems.
Visit the page of the provider and create an account. Write down the login name, password and host name
you registered.
For Windows operating systems, you need to install Perl. There are two Perl incarnatons: Native Windows
version (Activestate Perl) and Cygwin version. The "http://www.cygwin.com/" is recommended as it more
closely follows the original Perl environment.
OPTIONS
Gneneral options
--config=FILE [--config=FILE ...]
List of configuration files to read. No command line options other than --verbose, --debug or --test
should be appended or results are undefined. Each file must contain complete DDNS account
configuration.
The FILE part will go through Perl's "glob()" function, meaning that the filenames are expanded.
Series of configuration files can be run at once e.g. within directory "/etc/dyndns/" by using a
single option. The order of the files processed is alphabetical:
--config=/etc/dyndns/*
See section CONFIGURATION FILE for more information how to write the files.
--host=host1 [--host=host2 ...]
Use registered HOST(s).
--group GROUP
This option is only for --provider noip
Assign IP to GROUP. Do you have many hosts that all update to the same IP address? Update a group
instead of a many hosts.
--login LOGIN
DDNS account's LOGIN name.
--mxhost MX-HOST-NAME
This option is only for --provider dyndns
Update account information with MX hostname. Specifies a Mail eXchanger for use with the host being
modified. Must resolve to an static IP address, or it will be ignored. If you don't know DNS, don't
touch this option.
The servers you list need to be correctly configured to accept mail for your hostname, or this will
do no good. Setting up a server as an MX without permission of the administrator may get them angry
at you. If someone is contacted about such an infraction, your MX record will be removed and possibly
further action taken to prevent it from happening again. Any mail sent to a misconfigured server
listed as an MX may bounce, and may be lost.
--mx-option
This option is only for --provider dyndns
Turn on MX option. Request that the MX in the previous parameter be set up as a backup. This means
that mail will first attempt to deliver to your host directly, and will be delivered to the MX listed
as a backup.
Note regarding provider "noip":
Update clients cannot change this value. Clients can only submit requests to the php script to update
the A record. Changes such as MX records must be done through website.
--offline
If given, set the host to offline mode.
"Note:" [dyndns] This feature is only available to donators. The "!donator" return message will
appear if this is set on a non-donator host.
This is useful if you will be going offline for an extended period of time. If someone else gets your
old IP your users will not go to your old IP address.
--password PASSWORD
DDNS account's PASSWORD.
--system {dyndns|statdns|custom}
This option is only for --provider dyndns
The system you wish to use for this update. "dyndns" will update a dynamic host, "custom" will update
a MyDynDNS Custom DNS host and "statdns" will update a static host. The default value is "dyndns" and
you cannot use other options (statdns|custom) unless you donate and gain access to the more advanced
features.
See the DDNS provider's pages for more information.
--wildcard
Turn on wildcard option. The wildcard aliases "*.yourhost.ourdomain.ext" to the same address as
"yourhost.ourdomain.ext"
Additional options
-D, --daemon [WAIT-MINUTES]
Enter daemon mode. The term "daemon" refers to a standalone processes which keep serving until
killed. In daemon mode program enters into infinite loop where IP address changes are checked
periodically. For each new ip address check, program waits for WAIT-MINUTES. Messages in this mode
are reported using syslog(3); if available.
This option is designed to be used in systems that do not provide Unix-like cron capabilities (e.g
under Windows OS). It is better to use cron(8) and define an entry using crontab(5) notation to run
the update in periodic intervals. This will use less memory when Perl is not permanently kept in
memory like it would with option --daemon.
The update to DDNS provider happens only if
1) IP address changes
2) or it has taken 30 days since last update.
(See DDNS providers' account expiration time documentation)
The minimum sleep time is 5 minutes. Program will not allow faster wake up times(*). The value can be
expressed in formats:
15 Plain number, minutes
15m (m)inutes. Same sa above
1h (h)ours
1d (d)days
This options is primarily for permanent Internet connection. If you have a dial-up connection, it is
better to arrange the IP update at the same time as when the connection is started. In Linux this
would happen during ifup(1).
(*) Perl language is CPU intensive so any faster check would put considerable strain on system
resources. Normally a value of 30 or 60 minutes will work fine in most cases. Monitor the ISP's IP
rotation time to adjust the time in to use sufficiently long wake up times.
--ethernet [CARD]
In Linux system, the automatic IP detection uses program ifconfig(1). If you have multiple network
cards, select the correct card with this option. The default device used for query is "eth0".
--file PREFIX
Prefix where to save IP information. This can be a) a absolute path name to a file b) directory where
to save or c) directory + prefix where to save. Make sure that files in this location do not get
deleted. If they are deleted and you happen to update SAME ip twice within a short period - according
to www.dyndns.org FAQ - your address may be blocked.
On Windows platform all filenames must use forward slashes like "C:/somedir/to/", not
"C:\somedir\to\".
The PREFIX is only used as a basename for supported DDNS accounts (see --provider). The saved
filename is constructed like this:
PREFIX<ethernet-card>-<update-system>-<host>-<provider>.log
|
See option --system
A sample filename in Linux could be something like this if PREFIX were set to "/var/log/dyndns/":
/var/log/dyndns/eth0-statdns-my.dyndns.org-dyndns.log
-f, --file-default
Use reasonable default for saved IP file PREFIX (see --file). Under Windows, %WINDIR% is used. Under
Linux the PREFIXes searched are
/var/log/dyndns/ (if directory exists)
/var/log/ (system's standard)
$HOME/tmp or $HOME If process is not running under root
This options is by default activated if --file is not in use.
--proxy HOST
Use HOST as outgoing HTTP proxy.
-P, --provider TYPE
By default, program connects to "dyndns.org" to update the dynamic IP address. There are many free
dynamic DNS providers are reported. Supported list of TYPES in alphabetical order:
hnorg No domain name limists
Basic DDNS service is free (as of 2003-10-02)
http://hn.org/
dyndns No domain name limits.
Basic DDNS service is free (as of 2003-10-02)
http://www.dyndns.org/
See also http://members.dyndns.org/
noip No domain name limits.
Basic DDNS service is free (as of 2003-10-02)
http://www.no-ip.com/
NOTE: as of 2010, the support for sites of hnorg, noip is probably non-working due to changes in the
interfaces. Please use only dyndns at this time.
--query
Query current IP address and quit. Note: if you use router, you may need --urlping* options,
otherwise the IP address returned is your subnet's DHCP IP and not the ISP's Internet IP.
Output of the command is at least two string. The second string is "last-ip-info-not-available" if
the saved ip file name is not specified. In order to program to know where to look for saved IP
files you need to give some --file* or --config option. The second string can also be "nochange" if
current IP address is same as what was found from saved file. Examples:
100.197.1.6 last-ip-info-not-available
100.197.1.6 100.197.1.7
100.197.1.6 nochange 18
|
How many days since last saved IP
Note for tool developers: additional information may be provided in future. Don't rely on the count
of the output words, but instead parse output from left to right.
--query-ipchanged ['exitcode']
Print message if IP has changed or not. This option can take an optional string argument "exitcode"
which causes program to indicate changed ip address with standard shell status code (in bash shell
that would available at variable $?):
$ dyndns --query-ipchange exitcode --file-default \
--provider dyndns --host xxx.dyndns.org
$ echo $?
... the status code of shell ($?) would be:
0 true value, changed
1 false value, error code, i.e. not changed
Without the "exitcode" argument, the returned strings are:
Current IP address
|
changed 35 111.222.333.444
nochange 18
|
Days since last IP update. Based on saved IP file's
time stamp.
If the last saved IP file's time stamp is too old, then even if the IP were not really changed, the
situation is reported with word "changed". This is due to time limits the DDNS providers have. The
account would expire unless it is updated in NN days.
Note for tool developers: additional information may be provided in future. Don't rely on the count
of the output words, but instead parse output from left to right.
--query-ipfile
Print the name of the IP file and quit.
Note: In order for this option to work, you must supply all other options would be normally pass to
update the DDNS account, because the Ip filename depends on these options. Alternatively provide
option --config FILE from where all relevant information if read.
--ethernet [optional, defaults to eth0]
--provider [optional, defaults to dyndns]
--system [optional, defaults to dyndns]
--host required.
Here is an example which supposed that directory "/var/log/dyndns/" already exists:
$ dyndns --file-default --query-ipfile \
--provider dyndns --host xxx.dyndns.org
/var/log/dyndns/eth0-dyndns-dyndns-xxx-dyndns.org.log
--regexp REGEXP
In host, which has multiple netword cards, the response can include multiple IP addresses. The
default is to pick always the first choice, but that may not be what is wanted. The regexp MUST not
contain capturing parentheses: if you need one, use non-capturing choice (?:). Refer to Perl manual
page "perlre" for more information about non-cpaturing regular expression parentheses.
Here is an example from Windows:
Ethernet adapter {3C317757-AEE8-4DA7-9B68-C67B4D344103}:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
Autoconfiguration IP Address. . . : 169.254.241.150
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.0.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 3:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : somewhere.net
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 193.10.221.45
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.0.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.10.0.101
The 193.10.221.45 is the intended dynamic IP address, not the first one. To instruct searching from
somewhere else in the listing, supply a regular expressions that can match a portion in the listing
after which the IP address appears. In the above case, the regexp could be:
--regexp "Connection 3:"
In Windows, the words that follow "IP Address" are automatically expected, so you should not add them
to the regexp.
In FreeBSD 4.5, you may get following response:
tun0: flags <UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1492
inet6 fe80::250:4ff:feef:7998%tun0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x7
inet 62.214.33.49 --> 255.255.255.255 netmask 0xffffffff
inet 62.214.32.12 --> 255.255.255.255 netmask 0xffffffff
inet 62.214.35.49 --> 255.255.255.255 netmask 0xffffffff
inet 62.214.33.163 --> 62.214.32.1 netmask 0xff000000
Opened by PID 64
The correct IP address to pick from the listing is the one, which does not contain netmask
0xffffffff. The picked address for above is therefore 62.214.33.163. The regexp that finds that line
is:
--regexp ".*0xffffffff.*?inet"
| |
| Search minimum match until word "inet"
search maximum match
This will match all the way until the the last line with netmask 0xffffffff, after which shortest
match ".*?" to "inet" is reached to read the number following it. The regexp must make sure that the
next word after its match point is the wanted address.
Cable, DSL and router options
If you do not have direct access to world known "real" IP address, but to a subnet IP address, then you
cannot determine your outside world IP address from your machine directly. See picture below:
router/subnet Internet
+-------------+ +-----------+
Your PC: | | maps address | |
connect to ISP --> | ROUTER | -------------> | |
| 192.168.... | | 80.1.1.1 |
local ip says: +-------------+ +-----------+
192.168.xxx.xxx THE REAL IP
ASDL and cable modem and other connections may not be directly connected to Internet, but to a router to
allow subnnetting internal hosts. This makes several computers to access the Internet while the ISP has
offered only one visible IP address to you. The router makes the mapping of the local subnet IP to the
world known IP address, provided by the ISP when the connection was established.
You need some way to find out what is the real IP is. The simplest way is to connect to a some web page,
which runs a reverse lookup service which can show the connecting IP address.
Note: the following web web page does not exists. To find a service that is able to display your IP
address, do a google search. Let's say, that you found a fictional service
"http://www.example.com/showip" and somewhere in the web page it reads:
Your IP address is: 212.111.11.10
This is what you need. To automate the lookup from web page, you need to instruct the program to connect
to URL page and tell how to read the ip from page by using a regular expression. Consult Perl's manual
page "perlre" if you are unfamiliar with the regular expressions. For the above fictional service, the
options needed would be:
--urlping "http://showip.org/?showit.pl"
--urlping-regexp "address is:\s+([\d.]+)"
| ||
| |+- Read all digits and periods
| |
| +- capturing parentheses
|
+- expect any number of whitespaces
NOTE: The text to match from web page is not text/plain, but text/html, so you must look at the HTML
page's sources to match the IP address correctly without the bold <b> tags etc.
--urlping URL
Web page where world known IP address can be read. If you find a Web server that is running some
program, which can show your IP address, use it. The example below connects to site and calls CGI
program to make show the connector's IP address. Be polite. Making calls like this too often may
cause putting blocks to your site.
http://www.dyndns.org/cgi-bin/check_ip.cgi
Be sure to use period of 60 minutes or more with --daemon option to not increase the load in the
"ping" site and cause admin's to shut down the service.
--urlping-dyndns
Contact http://www.dyndns.org service to obtain IP address information. This is shorthand to more
general optiopn --urlping.
--urlping-linksys [TYPE]
Specialized router option for Linksys products.
This option connects to Linksys Wireless LAN 4-point router, whose page is by default at local
network address -<http://192.168.1.1/Status.htm>. The world known IP address (which is provided by
ISP) is parsed from that page. The product is typically connected to the cable or DSL modem. Refer to
routing picture presented previously.
If the default login and password has been changed, options --urlping-login and --urlping-password
must be supplied
For TYPE information, See <http://www.linksys.com/>. Products codes currently supported include:
- BEFW11S4, Wireless Access Point Router with 4-Port Switch.
Page: http://192.168.1.1/Status.htm
- WRT54GL, Wireless WRT54GL Wireless-G Broadband Router.
Page: http://192.168.1.1/Status_Router.asp
--urlping-login LOGIN
If "--urlping" web page requires authentication, supply user name for a secured web page.
--urlping-password LOGIN
If "--urlping" web page requires authentication, supply password for a secured web page.
--urlping-regexp REGEXP
After connecting to page with --urlping URL, the web page is examined for REGEXP. The regexp must
catch the IP to perl match $1. Use non-capturing parenthesis to control the match as needed. For
example this is incorrect:
--urlping-regexp "(Address|addr:)\s+([0-9.]+)"
| |
$1 $2
The match MUST be in "$1", so you must use non-capturing perl paentheses for the first one:
--urlping-regexp "(?:Address|addr:) +([0-9.]+)"
| |
non-capturing $1
If this option is not given, the default value is to find first word that matches:
([0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+)
Miscellaneous options
--debug [LEVEL]
Turn on debug with optional positive LEVEL. Use this if you want to know details how the program
initiates connection or if you experience trouble contacting DDNS provider.
--help
Print help
--help-html
Print help in HTML format.
--help-man
Print help page in Unix manual page format. You want to feed this output to nroff -man in order to
read it.
--test [LEVEL]
Run in test mode, do not actually update anything. LEVEL 1 allows sending HTTP ping options and
getting answers.
--test-driver
This is for developer only. Run internal integrity tests.
--test-account
This is for developer only. Uses DYNDNS test account options. All command line values that set host
information or provider are ignored. Refer to client page at http://clients.dyndns.org/devel
--verbose
Print informational messages.
--version
Print version and contact information.
EXAMPLES
To update IP address periodically, use crontab(5) entry. The update will happen only if IP has changed
since last time:
0 0-23 * * * perl <absolute path>/dyndns <options>
To check current IP address:
dyndns --query [--urlping...]
|
Select correct option to do the "ping" for IP
Show where the ip file is/would be stored with given connect options. The option --file-default uses
OS's default directory structure.
dyndns --file-default --query-ipfile --provider dyndns \
--host xxx.dyndns.org
To update account information to DDNS provider:
dyndns --provider dyndns --login <login> --password <pass> --host your.dyndns.org
If your router can display a web page containing the world known IP address, you can instruct to "ping"
it. Suppose that router is at address 192.168.1.1 and page that displays the world known IP is
"status.html", and you have to log in to the router using username "foo" and password "bar":
dyndns --urlping http://192.168.1.1/Status.html \
--urlping-login foo \
--urlping-pass bar \
If the default regexp does not find IP address from the page, supply your own match with option
--urlping-regexp. In case of doubt, add option --debug 1 and examine the responses. In serious doubt,
contact the maintainer (see option --version) and send the full debug output.
Tip: if you run a local web server, provider "www.dyndns.org" can direct calls to it. See option
"--wildcard" to enable `*.your.dyndns.org' domain delegation, like if it we accessed using
`www.your.dyndns.org'.
CONFIGURATION FILE
Instead of supplying options at command line, they can be stored to a configuration file. For each DDNS
account and different domains, a separate configuration file must be created. The configuration files are
read with option --config.
The syntax of the configuration file includes comments that start with (#). Anything after hash-sign is
interpreted as comment. Values are set in KEY = VALUE fashion, where spaces are non-significant. Keys are
not case sensitive, but values are.
Below, lines marked with [default] need only be set if the default value needs to be changed. Lines
marked with [noip] or [dyndns] apply to only those providers' DDNS accounts. Notice that some keys, like
"host", can take multiple values seprated by colons. On/Off options take values [1/0] respectively. All
host name values below are fictional.
# /etc/dyndns/dyndns.conf
# Set to "yes" to make this configuration file excluded
# from updates.
disable = no # [default]
ethernet = eth0 # [default]
group = mygourp # Provider [noip] only.
host = host1.dyndns.org, host1.dyndns.org
# If you route mail. See dyndns.org documentation for details
# how to set up MX records. If you know nothing about DNS/BIND
# Don't even consider using this option. Misuse or broken
# DNS at your end will probably terminate your 'free' dyndns contract.
mxhost = mxhost.dyndns.org
# Details how to get the world known IP address, in case the standard
# Linux 'ifconfig' or Windows 'ipconfig' programs cannot be used. This
# interests mainly Cable, DSL and router owners. NOTE: You may
# not use all these options. E.g. [urlping-linksys4] is alternate
# to [urlping] etc. See documentation.
urlping-linksys = BEFW11S4
urlping-login = joe
urlping-password = mypass
urlping = fictional.showip.org
urlping-regexp = (?:Address|addr:)\s+([0-9.]+)
# Where IPs are stored. Directory name or Directory name with
# additional file prefix. The directory part must exist. You could
# say 'file = /var/log/dyndns/' but that's the default.
file = default # Use OS's default location
# The DDNS account details
login = mylogin
password = mypass
provider = dyndns # [default]
proxy = myproxy.myisp.net # set only if needed for HTTP calls
# Hou need this option only if you have multiple ethernet cards.
# After which regexp the IP number appears in ifconfig(1) listing?
regexp = .*0xffffffff.*?inet
# What account are you using? Select 'dyndns|statdns|custom'
system = dyndns # Provider [dyndns] only
# Yes, delegate all *.mydomain.dyndns.org calls
wildcard = 1
# End of cnfiguration file
See the details of all of these options from the corresponding command line option descriptions. E.g.
option 'ethernet' in configuration file corresponds to --ethernet command line option. The normal
configuration file for average user would only include few lines:
# /etc/dyndns/myhost.dyndns.org.conf
host = myhost.dyndns.org
file = default # Use OS's default location
login = mylogin
password = mypassword
provider = dyndns
system = dyndns # or 'statdns'
wildcard = 1 # Delegate *.mydomain.dyndns.org
# End of cnfiguration file
TODO (write Debian daemon scripts) FIXME:
update-rc.d dyndns start 3 4 5 6 # Debian
SUPPORT REQUESTS
For new Operating System, provide all relevant commands, their options, examples and their output which
answer to following questions. The items in parentheses are examples from Linux:
- How is the OS detected? Send result of 'id -a', or if file/dir
structure can be used to detect the system. In Lunux the
existence of /boot/vmlinuz could indicate that "this is a Linux
OS".
- What is the command to get network information (commandlike 'ifconfig')
- Where are the system configuration files stored (in directory /etc?)
- Where are the log files stored (under /var/log?)
To add support for routers that can be connected through HTTP protocol or with some other commands,
please provide connection details and full HTTP response:
wget -O <route-model>-dump.html http://192.168.1.0/your-network/router/page.html
TROUBLESHOOTING
1. Turn on --debug to see exact details how the program runs and what HTTP requests are sent and
received.
2. Most of the <--query> options can't be used standalone. Please see documentation what additional
options you need to supply with them.
ENVIRONMENT
TMPDIR
Directory of temporary files. Defaults to system temporary dir.
FILES
Daemon startup file
/etc/default/dyndns
In Linux the syslog message files are:
/etc/syslog.conf daemon.err daemon.warning
/var/log/daemon.log
There is no default location where program would search for configuration files. Configuration files may
be found in directory "/etc/dyndns/examples". It is recommended that the examples are modified and copied
one directorory up in order to use option --config /etc/dyndns/*.
If program is run with Windows Activestate Perl, the log file is stored to file "C:/syslog.txt".
EXIT STATUS
Not defined.
DEPENDENCIES
Uses standard Perl modules.
HTTP::Headers HTTP::Request::Common LWP::UserAgent LWP::Simple Sys::Syslog
STANDARDS
The dyndns provider's client specification is at https://www.dyndns.com/developers/specs/
BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
Cygwin syslog
There is no syslog daemon in Cygwin. The Cygwin POSIX emulation layer takes care about syslog requests.
On NT and above systems it logs to the Windows's event manager, on Win9x and ME a file is created in the
root of drive "C:". See message <http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2002-10/msg00219.html> for more details.
You can see the entries in W2K Start => Settings => Administrative Tools => Computer Management: [ System
Tools / Event Viewer / Application ]
Debugging errors
Please use option --debug 2 and save the result. Contact maintainer if you find bugs or need new
features.
About providers hnorg and noip
The program is primarily developed and maintained to support dyndns.org. The other providers haven't
been tested since 2003.
SEE ALSO
syslog(3), Debian package ddclient(1)
See other client software at http://clients.dyndns.org
AVAILABILITY
http://freecode.com/projects/perl-dyndns
AUTHOR
This program is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify program under the terms of GNU General
Public license either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
The documentation may be distributed subject to the terms and conditions set forth in GNU General Public
License v2 or later (GNU GPL); or, at your option, distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation
License version 1.2 or later (GNU FDL).