Provided by: gmt-common_5.4.3+dfsg-1_all 
NAME
gmt2kml - Convert GMT data tables to KML files for Google Earth
SYNOPSIS
gmt2kml [ table ] [ -Aa|g|s[alt|xscale] ] [ -Ccpt ] [ -Ddescriptfile ] [ -E[altitude] ] [
-Fe|s|t|l|p|w ] [ -Gf|n-|fill ] [ -Iicon ] [ -K] [ -Lcol1:name1,col2:name2,… ] [
-N[+|name_template|name] ] [ -O] [ -Qa|iaz ] [ -Qsscale[unit] ] [ -Ra|w/e/s/n ] [ -Sc|nscale] ] [
-Ttitle[/foldername] ] [ -V[level] ] [ -W[pen][attr] ] [ -Zargs ] [ -bibinary ] [ -dinodata ] [
-eregexp ] [ -fflags ] [ -hheaders ] [ -iflags ] [ -:[i|o] ] [ > output.kml ]
Note: No space is allowed between the option flag and the associated arguments.
DESCRIPTION
gmt2kml reads one or more GMT table file and converts them to a single output file using Google Earth’s
KML format. Data may represent points, lines, polygons, or wiggles, and you may specify additional
attributes such as title, altitude mode, colors, pen widths, transparency, regions, and data
descriptions. You may also extend the feature down to ground level (assuming it is above it) and use
custom icons for point symbols. Finally, there are controls on visibility depending on level of detail
settings, altitude, regions, including the status upon loading into Google Earth as well as fading
depending on zoom.
The input files should contain the following columns:
lon lat [ alt ] [ timestart [ timestop ] ]
where lon and lat are required for all features, alt is optional for all features (see also -A and -C),
and timestart and timestop apply to events and timespan features. For wiggles, the alt column is
required but is expected to represent an along-track data anomaly such as gravity, magnetics, etc. These
values will be scaled to yield distances from the line in degrees.
REQUIRED ARGUMENTS
None.
OPTIONAL ARGUMENTS
table One or more ASCII (or binary, see -bi[ncols][type]) data table file(s) holding a number of data
columns. If no tables are given then we read from standard input.
-Aa|g|s[alt|xscale]
Select one of three altitude modes recognized by Google Earth that determines the altitude (in m)
of the feature: a absolute altitude, g altitude relative to sea surface or ground, s altitude
relative to seafloor or ground. To plot the features at a fixed altitude, append an altitude alt
(in m). Use 0 to clamp the features to the chosen reference surface. Append xscale to scale the
altitude from the input file by that factor. If no value is appended, the altitude (in m) is read
from the 3rd column of the input file. [By default the features are clamped to the sea surface or
ground].
-Ccpt Use the CPT for assigning colors to the symbol, event, or timespan icons, based on the value in
the 3rd column of the input file. For lines or polygons we examine the segment header for
-Z<value> statements and obtain the color via the cpt lookup. Note only discrete colors are
possible.
-Ddescriptfile
File with HTML snippets that will be included as part of the main description content for the KML
file [no description]. See SEGMENT INFORMATION below for feature-specific descriptions.
-E[altitude]
Extrude feature down to ground level [no extrusion].
-Fe|s|t|l|p|w
Sets the feature type. Choose from points (event, symbol, or timespan), line, polygon, or wiggle
[symbol]. The first two columns of the input file should contain (lon, lat). When altitude or
value is required (i.e., no altitude value was given with -A, or -C is set), the third column
needs to contain the altitude (in m) or value. The event (-Fe) is a symbol that should only be
active at a particular time, given in the next column. Timespan (-Ft) is a symbol that should only
be active during a particular time period indicated by the next two columns (timestart, timestop).
Use NaN to indicate unbounded time limits. If used, times should be in ISO format
yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss[.xxx] or in GMT relative time format (see -f). For wiggles, the data anomaly
is required to be in the 3rd input column. If you also need to plot the track itself then do that
separately with -Fl.
-Gf|nfill
Sets color fill (-Gf) or label font color (-Gn). Fill: Set fill color for symbols, extrusions,
polygons and positive anomaly wiggles [Default is light orange at 75% transparency]. Optionally,
use -Gf- to turn off polygon fill. Text labels: Specify color for font [Default is white].
Optionally use -Gn- to disable labels.
-Iicon Specify the URL to an alternative icon that should be used for the symbol [Default is a Google
Earth circle]. If the URL starts with + then we will prepend http://maps.google.com/mapfiles/kml/
to the name. To turn off icons entirely (e.g., when just wanting a text label), use -I-. [Default
is a local icon with no directory path].
-K Allow more KML code to be appended to the output later [finalize the KML file].
-Lname1,name2,…
Extended data given. Append one or more column names separated by commas. We will expect the
listed data columns to exist in the input immediately following the data coordinates and they will
be encoded in the KML file as Extended Data sets, whose attributes will be available in a Google
Earth balloon when the item is selected. This option is not available unless input is an ASCII
file.
-N[-|+|name_template|name]
By default, if segment headers contain a -L”label string” then we use that for the name of the KML
feature (polygon, line segment or set of symbols). Default names for these segments are “Line %d”
and “Point Set %d”, depending on the feature, where %d is a sequence number of line segments
within a file. Each point within a line segment will be named after the line segment plus a
sequence number. Default is simply “Point %d”. Alternatively, select one of these options: (1)
append - to supply individual symbol labels (single word) via the field immediately following the
data coordinates, (2) append + to supply individual symbol labels as everything to the end of the
data record following the data coordinates, (3) append a string that may include %d or a similar
integer format to assign unique name IDs for each feature, with the segment number (for lines and
polygons) or point number (symbols) appearing where %d is placed, (4) give no arguments to turn
symbol labeling off; line segments will still be named. Note: if -N- is used with -L then the
label must appear before the extended data columns. Also note that options (1) and (2) are not
available unless input is an ASCII file.
-O Append KML code to an existing KML file [initialize a new KML file].
-Qa|iazimuth
Option in support of wiggle plots (requires -Fw). You may control which directions the positive
wiggles will tend to point to with -Qa. The provided azimuth defines a half-circle centered on
the selected azimuth [0] where positive anomalies will plot. If outside then switch by 180
degrees. Alternatively, use -Qi to set a fixed direction with no further variation.
-Qsscale[unit]
Required setting for wiggle plots (i.e., it requires -Fw). Sets a wiggle scale in z-data units
per the user’s units (given via the trailing unit taken from d|m|s|e|f|k|M|n|u [e]). This scale is
then inverted to yield degrees per user z-unit and used to convert wiggle anomalies to map
distances and positions.
-Ra|w/e/s/n
Issue a single Region tag. Append w/e/s/n to set a particular region (will ignore points outside
the region), or append a to determine and use the actual domain of the data (single file only) [no
region tags issued].
-Sc|nscale]
Scale icons or labels. Here, -Sc sets a scale for the symbol icon, whereas -Sn sets a scale for
the name labels [1 for both].
-Ttitle[/foldername]
Sets the document title [default is unset]. Optionally, append /FolderName; this allows you, with
-O, -K, to group features into folders within the KML document. [The default folder name is “Name
Features”, where Name is Point, Event, Timespan, Line, Polygon or Wiggle].
-V[level] (more …)
Select verbosity level [c].
-W[pen][attr] (more …)
Set pen attributes for lines, wiggles or polygon outlines. Append pen attributes to use [Defaults:
width = default, color = black, style = solid]. If the modifier +cl is appended then the color of
the line are taken from the CPT (see -C). If instead modifier +cf is appended then the color from
the cpt file is applied to symbol fill. Use just +c for both effects. Note that for KML the pen
width is given in (fractional) pixels and not in points (1/72 inch).
-Zargs Set one or more attributes of the Document and Region tags. Append +aalt_min/alt_max to specify
limits on visibility based on altitude. Append +llod_min/lod_max to specify limits on visibility
based on Level Of Detail, where lod_max == -1 means it is visible to infinite size. Append
+ffade_min/fade_max to fade in and out over a ramp [abrupt]. Append +v to make a feature not
visible when loaded [visible]. Append +o to open a folder or document in the sidebar when loaded
[closed].
-bi[ncols][t] (more …)
Select native binary input. [Default is 2 or more input columns, depending on settings].
-dinodata (more …)
Replace input columns that equal nodata with NaN.
-e[~]”pattern” | -e[~]/regexp/[i] (more …)
Only accept data records that match the given pattern.
-f[i|o]colinfo (more …)
Specify data types of input and/or output columns.
-g[a]x|y|d|X|Y|D|[col]z[+|-]gap[u] (more …)
Determine data gaps and line breaks.
-h[i|o][n][+c][+d][+rremark][+rtitle] (more …)
Skip or produce header record(s).
-icols[+l][+sscale][+ooffset][,…] (more …)
Select input columns and transformations (0 is first column).
-:[i|o] (more …)
Swap 1st and 2nd column on input and/or output.
-^ or just -
Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then exits (NOTE: on Windows just use -).
-+ or just +
Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the explanation of any module-specific option
(but not the GMT common options), then exits.
-? or no arguments
Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation of all options, then exits.
EXAMPLES
To convert a file with point locations (lon, lat) into a KML file with red circle symbols, try
gmt2kml mypoints.txt -Gfred -Fs > mypoints.kml
To convert a multisegment file with lines (lon, lat) separated by segment headers that contain a
-Llabelstring with the feature name, selecting a thick white pen, and title the document, try
gmt2kml mylines.txt -Wthick,white -Fl -T"Lines from here to there" > mylines.kml
To convert a multisegment file with polygons (lon, lat) separated by segment headers that contain a
-Llabelstring with the feature name, selecting a thick black pen and semi-transparent yellow fill, giving
a title to the document, and prescribing a particular region limit, try
gmt gmt2kml mypolygons.txt -Gfyellow@50 -Fp -T"My polygons" -R30/90/-20/40 > mypolygons.kml
To convert a file with point locations (lon, lat, time) into a KML file with green circle symbols that
will go active at the specified time and stay active going forward, try
awk '{print $1, $2, $3, "NaN"}' mypoints.txt | gmt gmt2kml -Gfgreen -Ft > mytimepoints.kml
To extract contours and labels every 10 units from the grid temp.nc and plot them in KML, using red lines
at 75% transparency and red labels (no transparency), try
gmt grdcontour temp.nc -Jx1id -A10+tlabel.txt -C10 -Dcontours.txt
gmt gmt2kml contours.txt -Fl -W1p,red@75 -K > contours.kml
gmt gmt2kml -O -N+ -Fs -Sn2 -Gnred@0 label.txt -I- >> contours.kml
To instead plot the contours as lines with colors taken from the cpt file contours.cpt, try
gmt gmt2kml contours.txt -Fl -Ccontours.cpt > contours.kml
To plot magnetic anomalies as wiggles along track, with positive wiggles painted orange and the wiggle
line drawn with a black pen of width 2p, scaling the magnetic anomalies (in nTesla) so that 50 nT equals
1 nm on the map, and place the wiggles 50m above the sea surface, use
gmt gmt2kml magnetics_lon_lat_mag.txt -Fw -Gforange -W2p -Ag50 -Qs50n > wiggles.kml
LIMITATIONS
Google Earth has trouble displaying filled polygons across the Dateline. For now you must manually break
any polygon crossing the dateline into a west and east polygon and plot them separately. Google Earth
also has other less obvious limitations on file size or line length. These do not seem to be documented.
If features do not show and you are not getting an error, try to reduce the size of the file by splitting
things up.
MAKING KMZ FILES
Using the KMZ format is preferred as it takes less space. KMZ is simply a KML file and any data files,
icons, or images referenced by the KML, contained in a zip archive. One way to organize large data sets
is to split them into groups called Folders. A Document can contain any number of folders. Using scripts
you can create a composite KML file using the -K, -O options just like you do with GMT plots. See -T for
switching between folders and documents. The gmt_shell_scripts.sh contains function gmt_build_kmz that
can assist in building a KMZ file from any number of KML files (and optionally images they may refer to).
KML HIERARCHY
GMT stores the different features in hierarchical folders by feature type (when using -O, -K or
-T/foldername), by input file (if not standard input), and by line segment (using the name from the
segment header, or -N). This makes it more easy in Google Earth to switch on or off parts of the contents
of the Document. The following is a crude example:
[ KML header information; not present if -O was used ]
<Document><name>GMT Data Document</name>
<Folder><name>Point Features</name>
<!–This level of folder is inserted only when using -O, -K>
<Folder><name>file1.dat</name>
<!–One folder for each input file (not when standard input)>
<Folder><name>Point Set 0</name>
<!–One folder per line segment>
<!–Points from the first line segment in file file1.dat go here>
<Folder><name>Point Set 1</name>
<!–Points from the second line segment in file file1.dat go here>
</Folder>
</Folder>
<Folder><name>Line Features</name>
<Folder><name>file1.dat</name>
<!–One folder for each input file (not when standard input)>
<Placemark><name>Line 0</name>
<!–Here goes the first line segment>
</Placemark>
<Placemark><name>Line 1</name>
<!–Here goes the second line segment>
</Placemark>
</Folder>
<Folder>
</Document>
[ KML trailer information; not present if -K was used ]
SEGMENT INFORMATION
gmt2kml will scan the segment headers for substrings of the form -L”some label” [also see -N discussion]
and -T”some text description”. If present, these are parsed to supply name and description tags,
respectively, for the current feature.
MAKING KMZ FILES
If you have made a series of KML files (which may depend on other items like local PNG images), you can
consolidate these into a single KMZ file for saving space and for grouping related files together. The
bash function gmt_build_kmz in the gmt_shell_functions.sh can be used to do this. You need to source
gmt_shell_functions.sh first before you can use it.
SEE ALSO
gmt , gmt.conf, gmt_shell_functions.sh, img2google, kml2gmt , psconvert
COPYRIGHT
2018, P. Wessel, W. H. F. Smith, R. Scharroo, J. Luis, and F. Wobbe