Provided by: gmt-common_5.4.3+dfsg-1_all 
NAME
grdmask - Create mask grid from polygons or point coverage
SYNOPSIS
grdmask pathfiles -Gmask_grd_file
-Iincrement
-Rregion [ -A[m|p|x|y] ] [ -N[z|Z|p|P]values ] [ -Ssearch_radius[unit] ] [ -V[level] ] [ -bibinary ]
[ -dinodata ] [ -eregexp ] [ -fflags ] [ -ggaps ] [ -hheaders ] [ -iflags ] [ -nflags ] [ -r ] [ -x[[-]n]
] [ -:[i|o] ]
Note: No space is allowed between the option flag and the associated arguments.
DESCRIPTION
grdmask can operate in two different modes. 1. It reads one or more pathfiles that each define a closed
polygon. The nodes defined by the specified region and lattice spacing will be set equal to one of three
possible values depending on whether the node is outside, on the polygon perimeter, or inside the
polygon. The resulting mask may be used in subsequent operations involving grdmath to mask out data from
polygonal areas. 2. The pathfiles simply represent data point locations and the mask is set to the inside
or outside value depending on whether a node is within a maximum distance from the nearest data point. If
the distance specified is zero then only the nodes nearest each data point are considered “inside”.
REQUIRED ARGUMENTS
pathfiles
The name of 1 or more ASCII [or binary, see -bi] files holding the polygon(s) or data points.
-Gmask_grd_file]
Name of resulting output mask grid file. (See GRID FILE FORMATS below).
-Ixinc[unit][+e|n][/yinc[unit][+e|n]]
x_inc [and optionally y_inc] is the grid spacing. Optionally, append a suffix modifier.
Geographical (degrees) coordinates: Append m to indicate arc minutes or s to indicate arc seconds.
If one of the units e, f, k, M, n or u is appended instead, the increment is assumed to be given
in meter, foot, km, Mile, nautical mile or US survey foot, respectively, and will be converted to
the equivalent degrees longitude at the middle latitude of the region (the conversion depends on
PROJ_ELLIPSOID). If y_inc is given but set to 0 it will be reset equal to x_inc; otherwise it will
be converted to degrees latitude. All coordinates: If +e is appended then the corresponding max x
(east) or y (north) may be slightly adjusted to fit exactly the given increment [by default the
increment may be adjusted slightly to fit the given domain]. Finally, instead of giving an
increment you may specify the number of nodes desired by appending +n to the supplied integer
argument; the increment is then recalculated from the number of nodes and the domain. The
resulting increment value depends on whether you have selected a gridline-registered or
pixel-registered grid; see App-file-formats for details. Note: if -Rgrdfile is used then the grid
spacing has already been initialized; use -I to override the values.
-Rxmin/xmax/ymin/ymax[+r][+uunit] (more …)
Specify the region of interest.
OPTIONAL ARGUMENTS
-A[m|p|x|y]
If the input data are geographic (as indicated by -f) then the sides in the polygons will be
approximated by great circle arcs. When using the -A sides will be regarded as straight lines.
Alternatively, append m to have sides first follow meridians, then parallels. Or append p to first
follow parallels, then meridians. For Cartesian data, points are simply connected, unless you
append x or y to construct stair-case paths whose first move is along x or y, respectively.
-N[z|Z|p|P]values
Sets the out/edge/in that will be assigned to nodes that are outside the polygons, on the edge, or
inside. Values can be any number, including the textstring NaN [Default is 0/0/1]. Optionally,
use Nz to set polygon insides to the z-value obtained from the data (either segment header -Zzval,
-Lheader or via -aZ=name); use -NZ to consider the polygon boundary as part of the inside.
Alternatively, use -Np to use a running number as polygon ID; optionally append start of the
sequence [0]. Here, -NP includes the polygon perimeter as inside. Note: -Nz|Z|p|P cannot be used
in conjunction with -S; they also all optionally accept /out [0].
-Ssearch_radius[unit]
Set nodes to inside, on edge, or outside depending on their distance to the nearest data point.
Nodes within radius [0] from the nearest data point are considered inside; append a distance unit
(see UNITS). If radius is given as z then we instead read individual radii from the 3rd input
column. Unless Cartesian data, specify the unit of these radii by appending it after -Sz. If -S
is not set then we consider the input data to define one or more closed polygon(s) instead.
-V[level] (more …)
Select verbosity level [c].
-bi[ncols][t] (more …)
Select native binary input. [Default is 2 input columns].
-dinodata (more …)
Replace input columns that equal nodata with NaN.
-e[~]”pattern” | -e[~]/regexp/[i] (more …)
Only accept data records that match the given pattern.
-f[i|o]colinfo (more …)
Specify data types of input and/or output columns.
-g[a]x|y|d|X|Y|D|[col]z[+|-]gap[u] (more …)
Determine data gaps and line breaks.
-h[i|o][n][+c][+d][+rremark][+rtitle] (more …)
Skip or produce header record(s).
-icols[+l][+sscale][+ooffset][,…] (more …)
Select input columns and transformations (0 is first column).
-n[b|c|l|n][+a][+bBC][+tthreshold]
Append +bBC to set any boundary conditions to be used, adding g for geographic, p for periodic, or
n for natural boundary conditions. For the latter two you may append x or y to specify just one
direction, otherwise both are assumed. [Default is geographic if grid is geographic].
-r (more …)
Set pixel node registration [gridline].
-x[[-]n] (more …)
Limit number of cores used in multi-threaded algorithms (OpenMP required).
-^ or just -
Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then exits (NOTE: on Windows just use -).
-+ or just +
Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the explanation of any module-specific option
(but not the GMT common options), then exits.
-? or no arguments
Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation of all options, then exits.
UNITS
For map distance unit, append unit d for arc degree, m for arc minute, and s for arc second, or e for
meter [Default], f for foot, k for km, M for statute mile, n for nautical mile, and u for US survey foot.
By default we compute such distances using a spherical approximation with great circles. Prepend - to a
distance (or the unit is no distance is given) to perform “Flat Earth” calculations (quicker but less
accurate) or prepend + to perform exact geodesic calculations (slower but more accurate).
GRID FILE FORMATS
By default GMT writes out grid as single precision floats in a COARDS-complaint netCDF file format.
However, GMT is able to produce grid files in many other commonly used grid file formats and also
facilitates so called “packing” of grids, writing out floating point data as 1- or 2-byte integers. To
specify the precision, scale and offset, the user should add the suffix
=ID[+sscale][+ooffset][+ninvalid], where ID is a two-letter identifier of the grid type and precision,
and scale and offset are optional scale factor and offset to be applied to all grid values, and invalid
is the value used to indicate missing data. See grdconvert and Section grid-file-format of the GMT
Technical Reference and Cookbook for more information.
When writing a netCDF file, the grid is stored by default with the variable name “z”. To specify another
variable name varname, append ?varname to the file name. Note that you may need to escape the special
meaning of ? in your shell program by putting a backslash in front of it, or by placing the filename and
suffix between quotes or double quotes.
GEOGRAPHICAL AND TIME COORDINATES
When the output grid type is netCDF, the coordinates will be labeled “longitude”, “latitude”, or “time”
based on the attributes of the input data or grid (if any) or on the -f or -R options. For example, both
-f0x -f1t and -R90w/90e/0t/3t will result in a longitude/time grid. When the x, y, or z coordinate is
time, it will be stored in the grid as relative time since epoch as specified by TIME_UNIT and TIME_EPOCH
in the gmt.conf file or on the command line. In addition, the unit attribute of the time variable will
indicate both this unit and epoch.
NOTES
A grid produced by grdmask is a categorical dataset. As such, one has to be careful not to interpolate
it with standard methods, such as splines. However, if you make a map of this grid using a map
projection the grid will be reprojected to yield a rectangular matrix in the projected coordinates. This
interpolation is done using splines by default and thus may yield artifacts in your map. We recommend
you use grdimage -nn to instead use a nearest neighbor interpolation for such cases.
SAVE STORAGE SPACE
Since most uses of grdmask revolves around creating mask grids that hold just a few integer values (and
perhaps NaN), we choose to write them to disk as byte grids by appending the suffix =nb to the desired
grid filename. Some situations may store integers that exceed the range available in a byte and for
those we specify a short integer grid with =ns. For larger integers you may consider =ni, otherwise use
the default float grid format.
EXAMPLES
To set all nodes inside and on the polygons coastline_*.xy to 0, and outside points to 1, do
gmt grdmask coastline_*.xy -R-60/-40/-40/-30 -I5m -N1/0/0 -Gland_mask.nc=nb -V
To set nodes within 50 km of data points to 1 and other nodes to NaN, do
gmt grdmask data.xyz -R-60/-40/-40/-30 -I5m -NNaN/1/1 -S50k -Gdata_mask.nc=nb -V
To assign polygon IDs to the gridnodes using the insides of the polygons in plates.gmt, based on the
attribute POL_ID, do
gmt grdmask plates.gmt -R-40/40/-40/40 -I2m -Nz -Gplate_IDs.nc=ns -aZ=POL_ID -V
Same exercise, but instead compute running polygon IDs starting at 100, do
gmt grdmask plates.gmt -R-40/40/-40/40 -I2m -Np100 -Gplate_IDs.nc=ns -V
SEE ALSO
gmt, grdlandmask, grdmath, grdclip, psmask, psclip
COPYRIGHT
2018, P. Wessel, W. H. F. Smith, R. Scharroo, J. Luis, and F. Wobbe