Provided by: gmt-common_5.4.3+dfsg-1_all 
NAME
grdtrend - Fit trend surface to grids and compute residuals
SYNOPSIS
grdtrend grdfile -Nn_model[+r] [ -Ddiff.nc ] [ -Rregion ] [ -Ttrend.nc ] [ -Wweight.nc ]
Note: No space is allowed between the option flag and the associated arguments.
DESCRIPTION
grdtrend reads a 2-D grid file and fits a low-order polynomial trend to these data by [optionally
weighted] least-squares. The trend surface is defined by:
m1 + m2*x + m3*y + m4*x*y + m5*x*x + m6*y*y + m7*x*x*x + m8*x*x*y + m9*x*y*y + m10*y*y*y.
The user must specify -Nn_model, the number of model parameters to use; thus, -N3 fits a bilinear trend,
-N6 a quadratic surface, and so on. Optionally, append +r to the -N option to perform a robust fit. In
this case, the program will iteratively reweight the data based on a robust scale estimate, in order to
converge to a solution insensitive to outliers. This may be handy when separating a “regional” field from
a “residual” which should have non-zero mean, such as a local mountain on a regional surface.
If data file has values set to NaN, these will be ignored during fitting; if output files are written,
these will also have NaN in the same locations.
REQUIRED ARGUMENTS
grdfile
The name of a 2-D binary grid file.
-Nn_model[+r]
n_model sets the number of model parameters to fit. Append +r for robust fit.
OPTIONAL ARGUMENTS
-Ddiff.nc
Write the difference (input data - trend) to the file diff.nc.
-Rxmin/xmax/ymin/ymax[+r][+uunit] (more …)
Specify the region of interest. Using the -R option will select a subsection of the input grid. If
this subsection exceeds the boundaries of the grid, only the common region will be extracted.
-Ttrend.nc
Write the fitted trend to the file trend.nc.
-V[level] (more …)
Select verbosity level [c].
-Wweight.nc
If weight.nc exists, it will be read and used to solve a weighted least-squares problem. [Default:
Ordinary least-squares fit.] If the robust option has been selected, the weights used in the
robust fit will be written to weight.nc.
-^ or just -
Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then exits (NOTE: on Windows just use -).
-+ or just +
Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the explanation of any module-specific option
(but not the GMT common options), then exits.
-? or no arguments
Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation of all options, then exits.
REMARKS
The domain of x and y will be shifted and scaled to [-1, 1] and the basis functions are built from
Legendre polynomials. These have a numerical advantage in the form of the matrix which must be inverted
and allow more accurate solutions. NOTE: The model parameters listed with -V are Legendre polynomial
coefficients; they are not numerically equivalent to the m#s in the equation described above. The
description above is to allow the user to match -N with the order of the polynomial surface. See grdmath
if you need to evaluate the trend using the reported coefficients.
GRID FILE FORMATS
By default GMT writes out grid as single precision floats in a COARDS-complaint netCDF file format.
However, GMT is able to produce grid files in many other commonly used grid file formats and also
facilitates so called “packing” of grids, writing out floating point data as 1- or 2-byte integers. (more
…)
EXAMPLES
To remove a planar trend from hawaii_topo.nc and write result in hawaii_residual.nc:
gmt grdtrend hawaii_topo.nc -N3 -Dhawaii_residual.nc
To do a robust fit of a bicubic surface to hawaii_topo.nc, writing the result in hawaii_trend.nc and the
weights used in hawaii_weight.nc, and reporting the progress:
gmt grdtrend hawaii_topo.nc -N10+r -Thawaii_trend.nc -Whawaii_weight.nc -V
SEE ALSO
gmt, grdfft, grdfilter, grdmath
COPYRIGHT
2018, P. Wessel, W. H. F. Smith, R. Scharroo, J. Luis, and F. Wobbe