Ubuntu Manpage: mysql_install_db - initialize MySQL data directory

Provided by: mysql-server-core-5.7_5.7.42-0ubuntu0.18.04.1_amd64

NAME

       mysql_install_db - initialize MySQL data directory

SYNOPSIS

       mysql_install_db [options]

DESCRIPTION

Note
mysql_install_db is deprecated as of MySQL 5.7.6 because its functionality has been
integrated into mysqld, the MySQL server. To initialize a MySQL installation, invoke
mysqld with the --initialize or --initialize-insecure option. For more information,
see Section 2.9.1, “Initializing the Data Directory”. You should expect
mysql_install_db to be removed in a future MySQL release.

mysql_install_db handles initialization tasks that must be performed before the MySQL
server, mysqld, is ready to use:

• It initializes the MySQL data directory and creates the system tables that it
contains.

• It initializes the system tablespace and related data structures needed to manage
InnoDB tables.

• It loads the server-side help tables.

• It installs the sys schema.

• It creates an administrative account. Older versions of mysql_install_db may create
anonymous-user accounts.
Secure-by-Default Deployment

Current versions of mysql_install_db produce a MySQL deployment that is secure by default,
with these characteristics:

• A single administrative account named 'root'@'localhost' is created with a randomly
generated password, which is marked expired.

• No anonymous-user accounts are created.

• No test database accessible by all users is created.

• --admin-xxx options are available to control characteristics of the administrative
account.

• The --random-password-file option is available to control where the random password is
written.

• The --insecure option is available to suppress random password generation.

If mysql_install_db generates a random administative password, it writes the password to a
file and displays the file name. The password entry includes a timestamp to indicate when
it was written. By default, the file is .mysql_secret in the home directory of the
effective user running the script. .mysql_secret is created with mode 600 to be
accessible only to the operating system user for whom it is created.

Important
When mysql_install_db generates a random password for the administrative account, it
is necessary after mysql_install_db has been run to start the server, connect using
the administrative account with the password written to the .mysql_secret file, and
specify a new administrative password. Until this is done, the administrative account
cannot be used for anything else. To change the password, you can use the SET PASSWORD
statement (for example, with the mysql or mysqladmin client). After resetting the
password, remove the .mysql_secret file; otherwise, if you run
mysql_secure_installation, that command may see the file and expire the root password
again as part of ensuring secure deployment.
Invocation Syntax

Change location to the MySQL installation directory and use this invocation syntax:

bin/mysql_install_db --datadir=path/to/datadir [other_options]

The --datadir option is mandatory. mysql_install_db creates the data directory, which
must not already exist:

• If the data directory does already exist, you are performing an upgrade operation (not
an install operation) and should run mysql_upgrade, not mysql_install_db. See
mysql_upgrade(1).

• If the data directory does not exist but mysql_install_db fails, you must remove any
partially created data directory before running mysql_install_db again.

Because the MySQL server, mysqld, must access the data directory when it runs later, you
should either run mysql_install_db from the same system account used for running mysqld,
or run it as root and specify the --user option to indicate the user name that mysqld runs
under. It might be necessary to specify other options such as --basedir if
mysql_install_db does not use the correct location for the installation directory. For
example:

bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql \
--basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql \
--datadir=/opt/mysql/mysql/data

Note
After mysql_install_db sets up the InnoDB system tablespace, changes to some
tablespace characteristics require setting up a whole new instance. This includes the
file name of the first file in the system tablespace and the number of undo logs. If
you do not want to use the default values, make sure that the settings for the
innodb_data_file_path and innodb_log_file_size configuration parameters are in place
in the MySQL configuration file before running mysql_install_db. Also make sure to
specify as necessary other parameters that affect the creation and location of InnoDB
files, such as innodb_data_home_dir and innodb_log_group_home_dir.

If those options are in your configuration file but that file is not in a location
that MySQL reads by default, specify the file location using the --defaults-extra-file
option when you run mysql_install_db.

Note
If you have set a custom TMPDIR environment variable when performing the installation,
and the specified directory is not accessible, mysql_install_db may fail. If so, unset
TMPDIR or set TMPDIR to point to the system temporary directory (usually /tmp).
Administrative Account Creation

mysql_install_db creates an administrative account named 'root'@'localhost' by default.

mysql_install_db provides options that enable you to control several aspects of the
administrative account:

• To change the user or host parts of the account name, use --login-path, or
--admin-user and --admin-host.

• --insecure suppresses generation of a random password.

• --admin-auth-plugin specifies the authentication plugin.

• --admin-require-ssl specifies whether the account must use SSL connections.

For more information, see the descriptions of those options.

mysql_install_db assigns mysql.user system table rows a nonempty plugin column value to
set the authentication plugin. The default value is mysql_native_password. The value can
be changed using the --admin-auth-plugin option. Default my.cnf File

mysql_install_db creates no default my.cnf file.

Note
As of MySQL 5.7.18, my-default.cnf is no longer included in or installed by
distribution packages.

With one exception, the settings in the default option file are commented and have no
effect. The exception is that the file sets the sql_mode system variable to
NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES. This setting produces a server configuration
that results in errors rather than warnings for bad data in operations that modify
transactional tables. See Section 5.1.10, “Server SQL Modes”. Command Options

mysql_install_db supports the following options, which can be specified on the command
line or in the [mysql_install_db] group of an option file. For information about option
files used by MySQL programs, see Section 4.2.2.2, “Using Option Files”.

• --help, -? Display a help message and exit.

• --admin-auth-plugin=plugin_name The authentication plugin to use for the
administrative account. The default is mysql_native_password.

• --admin-host=host_name The host part to use for the adminstrative account name. The
default is localhost. This option is ignored if --login-path is also specified.

• --admin-require-ssl Whether to require SSL for the administrative account. The default
is not to require it. With this option enabled, the statement that mysql_install_db
uses to create the account includes a REQUIRE SSL clause. As a result, the
administrative account must use secure connections when connecting to the server.

• --admin-user=user_name The user part to use for the adminstrative account name. The
default is root. This option is ignored if --login-path is also specified.

• --basedir=dir_name The path to the MySQL installation directory.

• --builddir=dir_name For use with --srcdir and out-of-source builds. Set this to the
location of the directory where the built files reside.

• --datadir=dir_name The path to the MySQL data directory. Only the last component of
the path name is created if it does not exist; the parent directory must already exist
or an error occurs.

Note
The --datadir option is mandatory and the data directory must not already exist.

• --defaults This option causes mysql_install_db to invoke mysqld in such a way that it
reads option files from the default locations. If given as --no-defaults, and
--defaults-file or --defaults-extra-file is not also specified, mysql_install_db
passes --no-defaults to mysqld, to prevent option files from being read. This may help
if program startup fails due to reading unknown options from an option file.

• --defaults-extra-file=file_name Read this option file after the global option file but
(on Unix) before the user option file. If the file does not exist or is otherwise
inaccessible, an error occurs. If file_name is not an absolute path name, it is
interpreted relative to the current directory.

This option is passed by mysql_install_db to mysqld.

For additional information about this and other option-file options, see
Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.

• --defaults-file=file_name Use only the given option file. If the file does not exist
or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. If file_name is not an absolute path
name, it is interpreted relative to the current directory.

This option is passed by mysql_install_db to mysqld.

For additional information about this and other option-file options, see
Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.

• --extra-sql-file=file_name, -f file_name This option names a file containing
additional SQL statements to be executed after the standard bootstrapping statements.
Accepted statement syntax in the file is like that of the mysql command-line client,
including support for multiple-line C-style comments and delimiter handling to enable
definition of stored programs.

• --insecure Do not generate a random password for the adminstrative account.

If --insecure is not given, it is necessary after mysql_install_db has been run to
start the server, connect using the administrative account with the password written
to the .mysql_secret file, and specify a new administrative password. Until this is
done, the administrative account cannot be used for anything else. To change the
password, you can use the SET PASSWORD statement (for example, with the mysql or
mysqladmin client). After resetting the password, remove the .mysql_secret file;
otherwise, if you run mysql_secure_installation, that command may see the file and
expire the root password again as part of ensuring secure deployment.

• --lc-messages=name The locale to use for error messages. The default is en_US. The
argument is converted to a language name and combined with the value of
--lc-messages-dir to produce the location for the error message file. See
Section 10.12, “Setting the Error Message Language”.

• --lc-messages-dir=dir_name The directory where error messages are located. The value
is used together with the value of --lc-messages to produce the location for the error
message file. See Section 10.12, “Setting the Error Message Language”.

• --login-file=file_name The file from which to read the login path if the
--login-path=file_name option is specified. The default file is .mylogin.cnf.

• --login-path=name Read options from the named login path in the .mylogin.cnf login
path file. The default login path is client. (To read a different file, use the
--login-file=name option.) A “login path” is an option group containing options that
specify which MySQL server to connect to and which account to authenticate as. To
create or modify a login path file, use the mysql_config_editor utility. See
mysql_config_editor(1).

If the --login-path option is specified, the user, host, and password values are taken
from the login path and used to create the administrative account. The password must
be defined in the login path or an error occurs, unless the --insecure option is also
specified. In addition, with --login-path, any --admin-host and --admin-user options
are ignored.

For additional information about this and other option-file options, see
Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.

• --mysqld-file=file_name The path name of the mysqld binary to execute. The option
value must be an absolute path name or an error occurs.

If this option is not given, mysql_install_db searches for mysqld in these locations:

• In the bin directory under the --basedir option value, if that option was given.

• In the bin directory under the --srcdir option value, if that option was given.

• In the bin directory under the --builddir option value, if that option was given.

• In the local directory and in the bin and sbin directories under the local
directory.

• In /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin, /opt/local/bin,
/opt/local/sbin.

• --no-defaults For behavior of this option, see the description of --defaults.

For additional information about this and other option-file options, see
Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.

• --random-password-file=file_name The path name of the file in which to write the
randomly generated password for the administrative account. The option value must be
an absolute path name or an error occurs. The default is $HOME/.mysql_secret.

• --skip-sys-schema mysql_install_db installs the sys schema. The --skip-sys-schema
option suppresses this behavior.

• --srcdir=dir_name For internal use. This option specifies the directory under which
mysql_install_db looks for support files such as the error message file and the file
for populating the help tables.

• --user=user_name, -u user_name The system (login) user name to use for running mysqld.
Files and directories created by mysqld are owned by this user. You must be the system
root user to use this option. By default, mysqld runs using your current login name;
files and directories that it creates are owned by you.

• --verbose, -v Verbose mode. Print more information about what the program does. You
can use this option to see the mysqld command that mysql_install_db invokes to start
the server in bootstrap mode.

• --version, -V Display version information and exit.

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright © 1997, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

       This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it only under
       the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
       version 2 of the License.

       This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
       WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
       PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the program;
       if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
       Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

AUTHOR

       Oracle Corporation (http://dev.mysql.com/).

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

COPYRIGHT

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