Provided by: gmt-common_5.4.3+dfsg-1_all 
NAME
pscoast - Plot continents, shorelines, rivers, and borders on maps
SYNOPSIS
pscoast -Jparameters
-Rregion [ -Aarea ] [ -B[p|s]parameters ] [ -C[l|r/]fill ] [ -Dresolution[+] ] [ -Edcw ] [ -Fbox ]
[ -Gfill|c ] [ -Iriver[/pen] ] [ -Jz|Zparameters ] [ -K ] [ -Lscalebar ] [ -M ] [ -Nborder[/pen] ]
[ -O ] [ -P ] [ -Q ] [ -Sfill|c ] [ -Trose ] [ -Tmag_rose ] [ -U[stamp] ] [ -V[level] ] [
-W[level/]pen ] [ -Xx_offset ] [ -Yy_offset ] [ -bobinary ] [ -pflags ] [ -ttransp ]
Note: No space is allowed between the option flag and the associated arguments.
DESCRIPTION
pscoast plots grayshaded, colored, or textured land-masses [or water-masses] on maps and [optionally]
draws coastlines, rivers, and political boundaries. Alternatively, it can (1) issue clip paths that will
contain all land or all water areas, or (2) dump the data to an ASCII table. The data files come in 5
different resolutions: (f)ull, (h)igh, (i)ntermediate, (l)ow, and (c)rude. The full resolution files
amount to more than 55 Mb of data and provide great detail; for maps of larger geographical extent it is
more economical to use one of the other resolutions. If the user selects to paint the land-areas and does
not specify fill of water-areas then the latter will be transparent (i.e., earlier graphics drawn in
those areas will not be overwritten). Likewise, if the water-areas are painted and no land fill is set
then the land-areas will be transparent. A map projection must be supplied. The PostScript code is
written to standard output.
REQUIRED ARGUMENTS
-Jparameters (more …)
Select map projection.
-Rwest/east/south/north[/zmin/zmax][+r][+uunit]
west, east, south, and north specify the region of interest, and you may specify them in decimal
degrees or in [±]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format Append +r if lower left and upper right map
coordinates are given instead of w/e/s/n. The two shorthands -Rg and -Rd stand for global domain
(0/360 and -180/+180 in longitude respectively, with -90/+90 in latitude). Alternatively for grid
creation, give Rcodelon/lat/nx/ny, where code is a 2-character combination of L, C, R (for left,
center, or right) and T, M, B for top, middle, or bottom. e.g., BL for lower left. This indicates
which point on a rectangular region the lon/lat coordinate refers to, and the grid dimensions nx
and ny with grid spacings via -I is used to create the corresponding region. Alternatively,
specify the name of an existing grid file and the -R settings (and grid spacing, if applicable)
are copied from the grid. Appending +uunit expects projected (Cartesian) coordinates compatible
with chosen -J and we inversely project to determine actual rectangular geographic region. For
perspective view (-p), optionally append /zmin/zmax. In case of perspective view (-p), a z-range
(zmin, zmax) can be appended to indicate the third dimension. This needs to be done only when
using the -Jz option, not when using only the -p option. In the latter case a perspective view of
the plane is plotted, with no third dimension.
For perspective view p, optionally append /zmin/zmax. (more …)
OPTIONAL ARGUMENTS
-Amin_area[/min_level/max_level][+ag|i|s|S][+r|l][+ppercent]
Features with an area smaller than min_area in km^2 or of hierarchical level that is lower than
min_level or higher than max_level will not be plotted [Default is 0/0/4 (all features)]. Level 2
(lakes) contains regular lakes and wide river bodies which we normally include as lakes; append +r
to just get river-lakes or +l to just get regular lakes. By default (+ai) we select the ice shelf
boundary as the coastline for Antarctica; append +ag to instead select the ice grounding line as
coastline. For expert users who wish to print their own Antarctica coastline and islands via psxy
you can use +as to skip all GSHHG features below 60S or +aS to instead skip all features north of
60S. Finally, append +ppercent to exclude polygons whose percentage area of the corresponding
full-resolution feature is less than percent. See GSHHG INFORMATION below for more details.
-B[p|s]parameters (more …)
Set map boundary frame and axes attributes.
-C[l|r/]fill
Set the shade, color, or pattern for lakes and river-lakes [Default is the fill chosen for “wet”
areas (-S)]. Optionally, specify separate fills by prepending l/ for lakes and r/ for river-lakes,
repeating the -C option as needed.
-Dresolution[+]
Selects the resolution of the data set to use ((f)ull, (h)igh, (i)ntermediate, (l)ow, and
(c)rude). The resolution drops off by 80% between data sets [Default is l]. Append + to
automatically select a lower resolution should the one requested not be available [abort if not
found]. Alternatively, choose (a)uto to automatically select the best resolution given the chosen
map scale.
-Ecode1,code2,…[+l|L][+gfill][+ppen][+r|R[incs]]
Select painting or dumping country polygons from the Digital Chart of the World. This is another
dataset independent of GSHHG and hence the -A and -D options do not apply. Append one or more
comma-separated countries using the 2-character ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 convention. To select a state
of a country (if available), append .state, e.g, US.TX for Texas. To specify a whole continent,
prepend = to any of the continent codes AF (Africa), AN (Antarctica), AS (Asia), EU (Europe), OC
(Oceania), NA (North America), or SA (South America). Append +l to just list the countries and
their codes [no data extraction or plotting takes place]. Use +L to see states/territories for
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, and the US. Use +r to obtain the bounding box coordinates
from the polygon(s). Append inc, xinc/yinc, or winc/einc/sinc/ninc to adjust the region to be a
multiple of these steps [no adjustment]. Use +R to extend the region outward by adding these
increments instead [no extension]. Append +ppen to draw polygon outlines [no outline] and +gfill
to fill them [no fill]. One of +p|g must be specified unless +r, +R, or -M is in effect, and only
one -E option can be given. You may repeat -E to give different groups of items separate pen/fill
settings. If modifiers +r or +R are used and neither -J nor -M is set then we just print the
-Rwesn string.
-F[+cclearances][+gfill][+i[[gap/]pen]][+p[pen]][+r[radius]][+s[[dx/dy/][shade]]]
Without further options, draws a rectangular border around the map scale or rose using
MAP_FRAME_PEN; specify a different pen with +ppen. Add +gfill to fill the logo box [no fill].
Append +cclearance where clearance is either gap, xgap/ygap, or lgap/rgap/bgap/tgap where these
items are uniform, separate in x- and y-direction, or individual side spacings between logo and
border. Append +i to draw a secondary, inner border as well. We use a uniform gap between borders
of 2p and the MAP_DEFAULT_PEN unless other values are specified. Append +r to draw rounded
rectangular borders instead, with a 6p corner radius. You can override this radius by appending
another value. Finally, append +s to draw an offset background shaded region. Here, dx/dy
indicates the shift relative to the foreground frame [4p/-4p] and shade sets the fill style to use
for shading [gray50]. Requires -L or -T. If both -L or -T, you may repeat -F after each of
these.
-Gfill|c
Select filling or clipping of “dry” areas. Append the shade, color, or pattern; or use -Gc for
clipping [Default is no fill].
-Iriver[/pen]
Draw rivers. Specify the type of rivers and [optionally] append pen attributes [Default pen: width
= default, color = black, style = solid].
Choose from the list of river types below; repeat option -I as often as necessary.
0 = Double-lined rivers (river-lakes)
1 = Permanent major rivers
2 = Additional major rivers
3 = Additional rivers
4 = Minor rivers
5 = Intermittent rivers - major
6 = Intermittent rivers - additional
7 = Intermittent rivers - minor
8 = Major canals
9 = Minor canals
10 = Irrigation canals
You can also choose from several preconfigured river groups:
a = All rivers and canals (0-10)
A = All rivers and canals except river-lakes (1-10)
r = All permanent rivers (0-4)
R = All permanent rivers except river-lakes (1-4)
i = All intermittent rivers (5-7)
c = All canals (8-10)
-Jz|Zparameters (more …)
Set z-axis scaling; same syntax as -Jx.
-K (more …)
Do not finalize the PostScript plot.
-L[g|j|J|n|x]refpoint+c[slon/]slat+wlength[e|f|k|M|n|u][+aalign][+f][+jjustify][+l[label]][+odx[/dy]][+u]
Draws a simple map scale centered on the reference point specified using one of four coordinate
systems: (1) Use -Lg for map (user) coordinates, (2) use -Lj or -LJ for setting refpoint via a
2-char justification code that refers to the (invisible) map domain rectangle, (3) use -Ln for
normalized (0-1) coordinates, or (4) use -Lx for plot coordinates (inches, cm, etc.). Scale is
calculated for latitude slat (optionally supply longitude slon for oblique projections [Default is
central meridian]), length is in km, or append unit from e|f|k|M|n|u. Change the label alignment
with +aalign (choose among l(eft), r(ight), t(op), and b(ottom)). Append +f to get a “fancy”
scale [Default is plain]. By default, the anchor point on the map scale is assumed to be the
center of the scale (MC), but this can be changed by appending +j followed by a 2-char
justification code justify (see pstext for list and explanation of codes). Append +l to select
the default label, which equals the distance unit (meter, foot, km, mile, nautical mile, US survey
foot) and is justified on top of the scale [t]. Change this by giving your own label (append
+llabel). Add +o to offset the map scale by dx/dy away from the refpoint in the direction implied
by justify (or the direction implied by -Dj or -DJ). Select +u to append the unit to all distance
annotations along the scale (for the plain scale, +u will instead select the unit to be appended
to the distance length). Note: Use FONT_LABEL to change the label font and FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY to
change the annotation font. The height of the map scale is controlled by MAP_SCALE_HEIGHT, and
the pen thickness is set by MAP_TICK_PEN_PRIMARY. See -F on how to place a panel behind the
scale.
-M Dumps a single multisegment ASCII (or binary, see -bo) file to standard output. No plotting
occurs. Specify one of -E, -I, -N or -W. Note: if -M is used with -E then -R or the +r modifier
to -E are not required as we automatically determine the region given the selected geographic
entities.
-Nborder[/pen]
Draw political boundaries. Specify the type of boundary and [optionally] append pen attributes
[Default pen: width = default, color = black, style = solid].
Choose from the list of boundaries below. Repeat option -N as often as necessary.
1 = National boundaries
2 = State boundaries within the Americas
3 = Marine boundaries
a = All boundaries (1-3)
-O (more …)
Append to existing PostScript plot.
-P (more …)
Select “Portrait” plot orientation.
-Q Mark end of existing clip path. No projection information is needed. Also supply -X and -Y
settings if you have moved since the clip started.
-Sfill|c
Select filling or clipping of “wet” areas. Append the shade, color, or pattern; or use -Sc for
clipping [Default is no fill].
-Td[g|j|J|n|x]refpoint+wwidth[+f[level]][+jjustify][+lw,e,s,n][+odx[/dy]]
-Td draws a map directional rose on the map at the location defined by the reference and anchor
points: Give the reference point on the map for the rose using one of four coordinate systems: (1)
Use g for map (user) coordinates, (2) use j for setting refpoint via a 2-char justification code
that refers to the (invisible) map domain rectangle, (3) use n for normalized (0-1) coordinates,
or (4) use x for plot coordinates (inches, cm, etc.) [Default]. You can offset the reference
point by dx/dy in the direction implied by justify. By default, the anchor point on the scale is
assumed to be the center of the rose (MC), but this can be changed by appending +j followed by a
2-char justification code justify (see pstext for list and explanation of codes). Note: If -Dj is
used then justify defaults to the same as refpoint, if -DJ is used then justify defaults to the
mirror opposite of refpoint. Add +o to offset the color scale by dx/dy away from the refpoint in
the direction implied by justify (or the direction implied by -Dj or -DJ). Append +wwidth to set
the width of the rose in plot coordinates (in inches, cm, or points). Add +f to get a “fancy”
rose, and specify in level what you want drawn. The default [1] draws the two principal E-W, N-S
orientations, 2 adds the two intermediate NW-SE and NE-SW orientations, while 3 adds the eight
minor orientations WNW-ESE, NNW-SSE, NNE-SSW, and ENE-WSW. Label the cardinal points W,E,S,N by
adding +l and append your own four comma-separated strings to override the default. Skip a
specific label by leaving it blank. See Placing-dir-map-roses and -F on how to place a panel
behind the scale.
-Tm[g|j|J|n|x]refpoint+wwidth[+ddec[/dlabel]]][+ipen][+jjustify][+lw,e,s,n][+ppen][+tints][+odx[/dy]]
-Tm draws a map magnetic rose on the map at the location defined by the reference and anchor points:
Give the reference point on the map for the rose using one of four coordinate systems: (1) Use g for
map (user) coordinates, (2) use j for setting refpoint via a 2-char justification code that refers to
the (invisible) map domain rectangle, (3) use n for normalized (0-1) coordinates, or (4) use x for
plot coordinates (inches, cm, etc.) [Default]. You can offset the reference point by dx/dy in the
direction implied by justify. By default, the anchor point on the scale is assumed to be the center
of the rose (MC), but this can be changed by appending +j followed by a 2-char justification code
justify (see pstext for list and explanation of codes). Note: If -Dj is used then justify defaults to
the same as refpoint, if -DJ is used then justify defaults to the mirror opposite of refpoint. Add +o
to offset the color scale by dx/dy away from the refpoint in the direction implied by justify (or the
direction implied by -Dj or -DJ). Append +wwidth to set the width of the rose in plot coordinates (in
inches, cm, or points). Use +d to assign the magnetic declination and set dlabel, which is a label
for the magnetic compass needle (Leave empty to format a label from dec, or give - to bypass
labeling). With +d, both directions to geographic and magnetic north are plotted [Default is
geographic only]. If the north label is * then a north star is plotted instead of the north label.
Annotation and two levels of tick intervals for both geographic and magnetic directions default to
30/5/1 degrees; override these settings by appending +tints, and append six slash-separated intervals
to set both the geographic (first three) and magnetic (last three) intervals. Label the cardinal
points W,E,S,N by adding +l and append your own four comma-separated strings to override the default.
Skip a specific label by leaving it blank. Number GMT default parameters control pens, fonts, and
color. See Placing-dir-map-roses and -F on how to place a panel behind the scale.
-U[[just]/dx/dy/][c|label] (more …)
Draw GMT time stamp logo on plot.
-V[level] (more …)
Select verbosity level [c].
-W[level/]pen (more …)
Draw shorelines [Default is no shorelines]. Append pen attributes [Defaults: width = default,
color = black, style = solid] which apply to all four levels. To set the pen for each level
differently, prepend level/, where level is 1-4 and represent coastline, lakeshore, island-in-lake
shore, and lake-in-island-in-lake shore. Repeat -W as needed. When specific level pens are set,
those not listed will not be drawn [Default draws all levels; but see -A].
-X[a|c|f|r][x-shift[u]]
-Y[a|c|f|r][y-shift[u]] (more …)
Shift plot origin.
-bo[ncols][type] (more …)
Select native binary output.
-p[x|y|z]azim[/elev[/zlevel]][+wlon0/lat0[/z0]][+vx0/y0] (more …)
Select perspective view.
-t[transp] (more …)
Set PDF transparency level in percent.
-^ or just -
Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then exits (NOTE: on Windows just use -).
-+ or just +
Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the explanation of any module-specific option
(but not the GMT common options), then exits.
-? or no arguments
Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation of all options, then exits.
EXAMPLES
To plot a green Africa with white outline on blue background, with permanent major rivers in thick blue
pen, additional major rivers in thin blue pen, and national borders as dashed lines on a Mercator map at
scale 0.1 inch/degree, use
gmt pscoast -R-30/30/-40/40 -Jm0.1i -B5 -I1/1p,blue -N1/0.25p,- \
-I2/0.25p,blue -W0.25p,white -Ggreen -Sblue -P > africa.ps
To plot Iceland using the lava pattern (# 28) at 100 dots per inch, on a Mercator map at scale 1
cm/degree, run
gmt pscoast -R-30/-10/60/65 -Jm1c -B5 -Gp28+r100 > iceland.ps
To initiate a clip path for Africa so that the subsequent colorimage of gridded topography is only seen
over land, using a Mercator map at scale 0.1 inch/degree, use
gmt pscoast -R-30/30/-40/40 -Jm0.1i -B5 -Gc -P -K > africa.ps
gmt grdimage -Jm0.1i etopo5.nc -Ccolors.cpt -O -K >> africa.ps
gmt pscoast -Q -O >> africa.ps
To plot Great Britain, Italy, and France in blue with a red outline and Spain, Portugal and Greece in
yellow (no outline), and pick up the plot domain form the extents of these countries, use
gmt pscoast -JM6i -P -Baf -EGB,IT,FR+gblue+p0.25p,red+r -EES,PT,GR+gyellow > map.ps
To extract a high-resolution coastline data table for Iceland to be used in your analysis, try
gmt pscoast -R-26/-12/62/68 -Dh -W -M > iceland.txt
pscoast will first look for coastline files in directory $GMT_SHAREDIR/coast If the desired file is not
found, it will look for the file $GMT_SHAREDIR/coastline.conf. This file may contain any number of
records that each holds the full pathname of an alternative directory. Comment lines (#) and blank lines
are allowed. The desired file is then sought for in the alternate directories.
GSHHS INFORMATION
The coastline database is GSHHG (formerly GSHHS) which is compiled from three sources: World Vector
Shorelines (WVS), CIA World Data Bank II (WDBII), and Atlas of the Cryosphere (AC, for Antarctica only).
Apart from Antarctica, all level-1 polygons (ocean-land boundary) are derived from the more accurate WVS
while all higher level polygons (level 2-4, representing land/lake, lake/island-in-lake, and
island-in-lake/lake-in-island-in-lake boundaries) are taken from WDBII. The Antarctica coastlines come
in two flavors: ice-front or grounding line, selectable via the -A option. Much processing has taken
place to convert WVS, WDBII, and AC data into usable form for GMT: assembling closed polygons from line
segments, checking for duplicates, and correcting for crossings between polygons. The area of each
polygon has been determined so that the user may choose not to draw features smaller than a minimum area
(see -A); one may also limit the highest hierarchical level of polygons to be included (4 is the
maximum). The 4 lower-resolution databases were derived from the full resolution database using the
Douglas-Peucker line-simplification algorithm. The classification of rivers and borders follow that of
the WDBII. See the GMT Cookbook and Technical Reference Appendix K for further details.
BUGS
The options to fill (-C -G -S) may not always work if the Azimuthal equidistant projection is chosen
(-Je|E). If the antipole of the projection is in the oceans it will most likely work. If not, try to
avoid using projection center coordinates that are even multiples of the coastline bin size (1, 2, 5, 10,
and 20 degrees for f, h, i, l, c, respectively). This projection is not supported for clipping.
The political borders are for the most part 1970s-style but have been updated to reflect more recent
border rearrangements in Europe and elsewhere. Let us know if you find something out of date.
The full-resolution coastlines are also from a digitizing effort in the 1970-80s and it is difficult to
assess the accuracy. Users who zoom in close enough may find that the GSHHG coastline is not matching
other data, e.g., satellite images, more recent coastline data, etc. We are aware of such mismatches but
cannot undertake band-aid solutions each time this occurs.
Some users of pscoast will not be satisfied with what they find for the Antarctic shoreline. In
Antarctica, the boundary between ice and ocean varies seasonally and inter-annually. There are some areas
of permanent shelf ice. In addition to these time-varying ice-ocean boundaries, there are also shelf ice
grounding lines where ice goes from floating on the sea to sitting on land, and lines delimiting areas of
rock outcrop. For consistency’s sake, we have used the World Vector Shoreline throughout the world in
pscoast, as described in the GMT Cookbook Appendix K. Users who need specific boundaries in Antarctica
should get the Antarctic Digital Database, prepared by the British Antarctic Survey, Scott Polar Research
Institute, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, under the auspices of the Scientific Committee on
Antarctic Research. This data base contains various kinds of limiting lines for Antarctica and is
available on CD-ROM. It is published by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Scott Polar
Research Institute, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1ER, United Kingdom.
SEE ALSO
gmt, gmt.conf, gmtcolors, grdlandmask, psbasemap
COPYRIGHT
2018, P. Wessel, W. H. F. Smith, R. Scharroo, J. Luis, and F. Wobbe