bionic (1) tigervncserver.1.gz
NAME
tigervncserver - start or stop a TigerVNC server
SYNOPSIS
tigervncserver [[user@]host][:display#] [-dry-run] [-verbose] [-useold] [-cleanstale] [-localhost
[yes|no]] [-name desktop-name] [-geometry widthxheight] [-depth depth] [-pixelformat format]
[-xdisplaydefaults] [-wmDecoration widthxheight] [-fp font-path] [-fg] [-autokill] [-noxstartup]
[-xstartup script] [-httpPort port#] [-baseHttpPort port#] [-SecurityTypes sec-types] [-PlainUsers user-
list] [-PAMService service-name] [-PasswordFile|-passwd|-rfbauth passwd-file] [-X509Key cert-key-file]
[-X509Cert cert-file] [Xtigervnc-options...] [-- [Xtigervnc-session options...]]
tigervncserver -kill [[user@]host][:display#|:*] [-dry-run] [-verbose] [-clean]
tigervncserver -list [[user@]host][:display#|:*] [-cleanstale]
DESCRIPTION
tigervncserver is used to start a TigerVNC (Virtual Network Computing) desktop. tigervncserver is a Perl
wrapper script which simplifies the process of starting an instance of the TigerVNC server Xtigervnc. It
runs Xtigervnc with appropriate options and starts some X applications to be displayed in the TigerVNC
desktop. tigervncserver can be run with no options at all. In this case it will choose the first
available display number (usually :1), start Xtigervnc as that display, and run a couple of basic
applications to get you started. You can also specify the display number, in which case it will use that
number if it is available and exit if not, e.g.:
tigervncserver :13
Moreover, a username and a hostname can be given to start the tigervncserver via SSH on the given machine
under the provided user account, e.g.:
tigervncserver franz@kopernikus:13
Note that this requires the same version of the tigervncserver wrapper script on the remote machine as is
on the local machine. System defaults for this wrapper script are found in /etc/vnc.conf. This defaults
can be overwritten by the user defaults given in $HOME/.vnc/vnc.conf. Finally, commandline options have
the highest priority overwriting the settings in both /etc/vnc.conf and $HOME/.vnc/vnc.conf. Editing the
file $HOME/.vnc/Xvnc-session allows you to change the applications run at startup (but note that this
will not affect an existing desktop).
OPTIONS
You can get a list of options by giving -h as an option to tigervncserver. In addition to the options
listed below, any unrecognized options will be passed to Xtigervnc – see the Xtigervnc(1) man page, or
"Xtigervnc -help" for details.
-dry-run
Do not actually do anything, but only perform the checks if the requested action would be
possible. For example, there will be checks performed for the availability of the requested
display number display#.
-verbose
This will turn on some debug output.
-useold
Only start a new TigerVNC server if a Xtigervnc server for your account is not already running on
the requested display number display#. If no display number is requested, a new TigerVNC server
will only be started if there is no TigerVNC server running under your user account. In any case,
information about the newly started TigerVNC server or the reused TigerVNC server session will be
printed.
-cleanstale
Sometimes the Xtigervnc server crashes and does not clean up correctly. In this case, there will
be a stale pidfile in $HOME/.vnc as well as stale X11 locks and sockets in /tmp. When the
-cleanstale option is given, then tigervncserver first tries to cleanup all these stale files
before trying to determine which X display number is available for use.
-localhost [yes|no]
Should the TigerVNC server only listen on localhost for incoming TigerVNC connections. Useful if
you use SSH and want to stop non-SSH connections from any other hosts. If the option is not
specified, then the behavior is as follows: We will only listen on localhost if the sec-types
list does not contain any TLS* or X509* security types or if the list contains at least one *None
security type. Otherwise, we will listen on all network addresses of the machine.
-name desktop-name
Each desktop has a name which may be displayed by the viewer. It defaults to "host:display#
(username)" but you can change it with this option. It is passed in to the Xvnc-session script via
the $VNCDESKTOP environment variable, allowing you to run a different set of applications
according to the name of the desktop.
-geometry widthxheight
Specify the size of the desktop to be created. Default is 1024x768.
-depth depth
Specify the pixel depth in bits of the desktop to be created. Default is 24, other possible values
are 8, 15 and 16 - anything else is likely to cause strange behavior by applications.
-pixelformat format
Specify pixel format for server to use (BGRnnn or RGBnnn). The default for depth 8 is BGR233
(meaning the most significant two bits represent blue, the next three green, and the least
significant three represent red), the default for depth 16 is RGB565 and for depth 24 is RGB888.
-cc 3 As an alternative to the default TrueColor visual, this allows you to run an Xtigervnc server with
a PseudoColor visual (i.e. one which uses a color map or palette), which can be useful for running
some old X applications which only work on such a display. Values other than 3 (PseudoColor) and
4 (TrueColor) for the -cc option may result in strange behavior, and PseudoColor desktops must be
8 bits deep.
-xdisplaydefaults
The -xdisplaydefaults option can be used to derive values for the above three options, i.e.,
-geometry to -pixelformat, from the running X session. The derived dimensions are adjusted by the
-wmDecoration option.
-wmDecoration widthxheight
sets the adjustment of the dimensions derived by -xdisplaydefaults to accommodate the window
decoration used by the X11 window manager. This is used to fully display the VNC desktop even if
the VNC viewer is not in full screen mode.
-fp font-path
If the tigervncserver script detects that a font path is configured in /etc/X11/xorg.conf, it will
attempt to use this font path for Xtigervnc. Otherwise, if no fond path is configured, the
tigervncserver script will attempt to start Xtigervnc and allow Xtigervnc to use its own preferred
method of font handling (which may be a hard-coded font path or, on more recent systems, a font
catalog.) The -fp argument allows you to override the above logic and specify a font path for
Xtigervnc to use.
-fg Runs the Xnv-session as a foreground process. This has two effects: (1) The Xnv-session can be
aborted with CTRL-C, and (2) the TigerVNC server will be killed as soon as the user logs out of
the window manager in the Xvnc-session. This may be necessary when launching TigerVNC from within
certain grid computing environments.
-autokill
Automatically kills the TigerVNC server whenever the Xvnc-session script exits. In most cases,
this has the effect of terminating Xtigervnc when the user logs out of the window manager.
-noxstartup
Do not run the $HOME/.vnc/Xvnc-session script after launching Xtigervnc. This option allows you
to manually start a window manager in your TigerVNC session.
-xstartup script
Run a custom startup script, instead of $HOME/.vnc/Xvnc-session, after launching Xtigervnc. This
is useful to run full-screen applications.
-httpPort port#
Specifies the port on which the mini-HTTP server runs. On default, the server is not started.
-baseHttpPort port#
Specifies the base for the port number on which the mini-HTTP server runs. The real -httpPort
option will be derived from this base plus the display number.
-SecurityTypes sec-types
Specify which security scheme to use for incoming connections. Valid values are a comma separated
list of None, VncAuth, Plain, TLSNone, TLSVnc, TLSPlain, X509None, X509Vnc and X509Plain. Default
is VncAuth if -localhost is not given and VncAuth, TLSVnc if -localhost no is given.
-PlainUsers user-list
A comma separated list of user names that are allowed to authenticate via any of the *Plain
security types (Plain, TLSPlain, etc.). Specify * to allow any user to authenticate using this
security type. Default is to only allow the user that has started the tigervncserver wrapper
script.
-PAMService service-name
PAM service name to use when authenticating users using any of the *Plain security types. Default
is vnc if /etc/pam.d/vnc is present and tigervnc otherwise. The tigervnc-common package ships the
/etc/pam.d/tigervnc PAM service configuration for use by tigervncserver.
-PasswordFile passwd-file | -passwd passwd-file | -rfbauth passwd-file
Specifies the file containing the password used to authenticate viewers for the security types
VncAuth, TLSVnc, and X509Vnc. The passwd-file is accessed each time a connection comes in, so it
can be changed on the fly via tigervncpasswd(1). The default password file is $HOME/.vnc/passwd.
-X509Cert cert-path and -X509Key key-path
Path to a X509 certificate in PEM format to be used for all X509 based security types (X509None,
X509Vnc, etc.) as well as its private key also in PEM format. If the certificate and its key are
not provided via the -X509Cert and -X509Key commandline options or their corresponding
configuration parameters in /etc/vnc.conf or $HOME/.vnc/vnc.conf, then the tigervncserver wrapper
script auto generates a self signed certificate. The auto generated self signed certificates are
stored in the files $HOME/.vnc/host-SrvCert.pem and $HOME/.vnc/host-SrvKey.pem.
-kill [[user@]host][:display#|:*]
This kills a TigerVNC desktop previously started with tigervncserver. It does this by killing the
Xtigervnc process, whose process ID is stored in the file $HOME/.vnc/host:display#.pid. This can
be useful so you can write "tigervncserver -kill $DISPLAY", e.g., at the end of your Xvnc-session
file after a particular application exits. If :* is given, then tigervncserver tries to kill all
Xtigervnc processes with pidfiles in $HOME/.vnc on the local machine. If no display number is
given, then tigervncserver tries to kill the Xtigervnc processes of the user on the local machine
if only one such process is running and has a pidfile in $HOME/.vnc. If a host is specified, then
tigervncserver will use SSH to kill a Xtigervnc process on the remote machine.
-clean If given with -kill, then the logfile $HOME/.vnc/host:display#.log is also removed.
-list [[user@]host][:display#|:*]
This lists all running TigerVNC desktop previously started with tigervncserver. If a host is
specified, then tigervncserver will use SSH to list Xtigervnc desktops on the remote machine.
Stale entries are marked with (stale) in the output.
FILES
Several TigerVNC-related files are found in the directory $HOME/.vnc:
$HOME/.vnc/vnc.conf
The user configuration file for tigervncserver.
$HOME/.vnc/Xvnc-session
A shell script specifying X applications to be run when a TigerVNC desktop is started. If it
doesn't exist and no system default is provided in /etc/vnc.conf, tigervncserver will create a new
one which runs a couple of basic applications. To be compatible with older versions of this
wrapper script, we will also use the file $HOME/.vnc/xstartup if it is present.
$HOME/.vnc/passwd
The TigerVNC password file for the security types VncAuth, TLSVnc, and X509Vnc.
$HOME/.vnc/host:display#.log
The log file for Xtigervnc and applications started in Xvnc-session.
$HOME/.vnc/host:display#.pid
Identifies the Xtigervnc process ID, used by the -kill option.
$HOME/.vnc/host-SrvCert.pem and $HOME/.vnc/host-SrvKey.pem
The security types X509None, X509Vnc, and X509Plain need a certificate and the corresponding
private key. If these are not provided via the -X509Cert and -X509Key commandline options or
their corresponding configuration parameters in /etc/vnc.conf or $HOME/.vnc/vnc.conf, then the
tigervncserver wrapper script auto generates a self signed certificate for the -X509Cert and
-X509Key options of the Xtigervnc server. The auto generated self signed certificates are stored
in the above given two files. If the user wants their own certificate – instead of the on demand
auto generated one – they can either specify it via the -X509Cert and -X509Key options to the
tigervncserver wrapper script or replace the auto generated files $HOME/.vnc/host-SrvCert.pem and
$HOME/.vnc/host-SrvKey.pem. These files will not be overwritten once generated by the
tigervncserver wrapper script.
Furthermore, there is a global configuration file for tigervncserver:
/etc/vnc.conf
The global configuration file for tigervncserver.
SEE ALSO
vnc.conf(5x), xtigervncviewer(1), tigervncpasswd(1), tigervncconfig(1), Xtigervnc(1) http://www.tigervnc.org
AUTHOR
Tristan Richardson, RealVNC Ltd., Joachim Falk and others. VNC was originally developed by the RealVNC
team while at Olivetti Research Ltd / AT&T Laboratories Cambridge. TightVNC additions were implemented
by Constantin Kaplinsky. Many other people have since participated in development, testing and support.
This manual is part of the TigerVNC Debian packaging project.