Ubuntu Manpage: Encode::Arabic::ArabTeX - Interpreter of the ArabTeX notation of Arabic

Provided by: libencode-arabic-perl_14.2-1_all

NAME

       Encode::Arabic::ArabTeX - Interpreter of the ArabTeX notation of Arabic

SYNOPSIS

           use Encode::Arabic::ArabTeX;        # imports just like 'use Encode' would, plus extended options

           while ($line = <>) {                # maps the ArabTeX notation for Arabic into the Arabic script

               print encode 'utf8', decode 'arabtex', $line;       # 'ArabTeX' alias 'Lagally' alias 'TeX'
           }

           # ArabTeX lower ASCII transliteration <--> Arabic script in Perl's internal format

           $string = decode 'ArabTeX', $octets;
           $octets = encode 'ArabTeX', $string;

           Encode::Arabic::ArabTeX->encoder('dump' => '!./encoder.code');  # dump the encoder engine to file
           Encode::Arabic::ArabTeX->decoder('load');   # load the decoder engine from module's extra sources

DESCRIPTION

       ArabTeX is an excellent extension to TeX/LaTeX designed for typesetting the right-to-left
       scripts of the Orient. It comes up with very intuitive and comprehensible lower ASCII
       transliterations, the expressive power of which is even better than that of the scripts.

       Encode::Arabic::ArabTeX implements the rules needed for proper interpretation of the
       ArabTeX notation of Arabic. The conversion ifself is done by Encode::Mapper, and the user
       interface is built on the Encode::Encoding module.

   ENCODING BUSINESS
       Since the ArabTeX notation is not a simple mapping to the graphemes of the Arabic script,
       encoding the script into the notation is ambiguous. Two different strings in the notation
       may correspond to identical strings in the script. Heuristics must be engaged to decide
       which of the representations is more appropriate.

       Together with this bottle-neck, encoding may not be perfectly invertible by the decode
       operation, due to over-generation or approximations in the encoding algorithm.

       There are situations where conversion from the Arabic script to the ArabTeX notation is
       still convenient and useful. Imagine you need to edit the data, enhance it with vowels or
       other diacritical marks, produce phonetic transcripts and trim the typography of the
       script ... Do it in the ArabTeX notation, having an unrivalled control over your acts!

       Nonetheless, encoding is not the very purpose for this module's existence ;)

   DECODING BUSINESS
       The module decodes the ArabTeX notation as defined in the User Manual Version 4.00 of
       March 11, 2004, <ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/doc/arabdoc.pdf>. The
       implementation uses three levels of Encode::Mapper engines to solve the problem:

       Hamza writing
           Hamza carriers are determined from the context in accordance with the Arabic
           orthographical conventions.  The first level of mapping expands every "<'>" into the
           verbatim encoding of the relevant carrier.  This level of processing can become
           optional, if people ever need to encode the hamza carriers explicitly.

           Interpretation of geminated hamza "<''>" is correct here, as opposed to ArabTeX
           itself. In order to deduce the proper spelling rules, we resorted to
           <http://www.arabic-morphology.com/> and experimented with words like "<ra''asa>",
           "<ru''isa>", "<tara''usuN>", etc.

           On this level, word-internal occurrences of "<T>" get translated into "<t>", which is
           an extension to the notation that simplifies some requirements in modeling of the
           Arabic morphology.

       Grapheme generation
           The core level includes most of the rules needed, and converts the ArabTeX notation to
           Arabic graphemes in Unicode. The engine recognizes all the consonants of Modern
           Standard Arabic, plus the following letters:

                               [ "|",           ""         ],              # invisible consonant
                               [ "B",           "\x{0640}" ],              # consonantal ta.twil

                               [ "T",           "\x{0629}" ],              # ta' marbu.ta
                               [ "H",           "\x{0629}" ],              # ta' marbu.ta silent

                               [ "p",           "\x{067E}" ],              # pa'
                               [ "v",           "\x{06A4}" ],              # va'
                               [ "g",           "\x{06AF}" ],              # gaf

                               [ "c",           "\x{0681}" ],              # .ha with hamza
                               [ "^c",          "\x{0686}" ],              # gim with three
                               [ ",c",          "\x{0685}" ],              # _ha with three
                               [ "^z",          "\x{0698}" ],              # zay with three
                               [ "^n",          "\x{06AD}" ],              # kaf with three
                               [ "^l",          "\x{06B5}" ],              # lam with bow above
                               [ ".r",          "\x{0695}" ],              # ra' with bow below

           There are many nice features in the notation, like assimilation, gemination,
           hyphenation, all implemented here.  Defective and historical writings of vowels are
           supported, too! Try yourself if your fonts can handle these ;)

           Word-initial sequences like "<lV-all>", "<lV-al->", "<lV-al-CC>" and "<lV-aC-C>",
           where "V" stands for a short, possibly quoted or missing, vowel, and "C" represents a
           fixed consonant, are processed according to the requirements of the Arabic
           orthography. Thus, "<li-al-laylaTi>" reduces to "<li-llaylaTi>", "<li-al-rra^guli>"
           becomes "<lir-ra^guli>", and "<la-al-ma^gdu>" equals "<lal-ma^gdu>", while
           "<li-alla_dI>" turns into "<lilla_dI>".

       Wasla and ligatures
           Wasla is introduced if there is a preceding long or short vowel, and the blank space
           is one newline, one tabulator, or up to four single spaces. Optionally, diacritical
           marks in between laam and 'alif go after the latter letter, since most of the current
           systems rendering the Arabic script do not produce the desired ligatures if the two
           kinds of graphemes are not adjacent immediately.

       There are modes and options in ArabTeX that have not been dealt with yet in
       Encode::Arabic::ArabTeX. Still, mutual consistency of the systems is very high. This new
       release does support vowel quoting and works in the ArabTeX's "\vocalize" mode by default.
       The other conversion modes are implemented, too, as described below within the "enmode"
       and "demode" methods.

   EXPORTS, ENGINES & MODES
       The module exports as if "use Encode" also appeared in the package. The "import" options,
       except for the first-place subsequence of ":xml", ":simple" or ":describe", are just
       delegated to Encode and imports performed properly.

       If the first element in the list to "use" is ":xml", all XML markup, or rather any data
       enclosed in the well-paired and non-nested angle brackets "<" and ">", will be preserved.
       Properties of the Encode::Arabic::ArabTeX engines can be generally controlled through the
       Encode::Mapper API.

       In case the next, possibly the first, element in this list is ":simple", rules in the
       engines get simplified so that quotes be mapped to empty strings and infrequent or
       experimental notations of vowels not be interpreted in the extra manner of ArabTeX. Using
       ":simple" is recommended for simple every-day tasks where these nuances would have no
       impact and where full initialization would be bothering.

       The ":describe" option calls the Encode::Mapper's "describe" method on the module's
       engines right after their compilation.

       Initialization of the engines takes place the first time they are used, unless they have
       already been defined.  There are two explicit methods for it:

       encoder
           Initialize or redefine the encoder engine. If no parameters are given, rules in the
           module are compiled into a list of Encode::Mapper objects. Currently, the "--dump" and
           "--load" options have some experimental meaning.

       decoder
           See the description of "encoder".

       There are five conversion modes currently recognized in this module, and their aliases are
       mapped according to the module's %modemap hash. Selection of the appropriate mode is done
       best through the "enmode" and "demode" functions of Encode::Arabic, or with a direct call
       of the namesake methods in Encode::Arabic::ArabTeX:

           our %Encode::Arabic::ArabTeX::modemap = (           # the module provides these definitions

                   'default'       => 3,                           'undef'         => 0,

                   'fullvocalize'  => 4,   'full'          => 4,

                   'vocalize'      => 3,   'nosukuun'      => 3,

                   'novocalize'    => 2,   'novowels'      => 2,   'none'          => 2,

                   'noshadda'      => 1,   'noneplus'      => 1,
               );

           # the function calls might be preferred as more comfortable

           Encode::Arabic::demode 'arabtex', 'full';           # like 'encode' and 'decode' of Encode

           Encode::Arabic::ArabTeX->demode('fullvocalize');    # like the Encode::Encoding interfaces

           # how modes can be set easily

           use Encode::Arabic ':modes';   enmode 'arabtex', 'undef';   demode 'arabtex', 'noneplus';

       enmode
           Currently in development. The mode is fixed to 'undef' internally.

       demode
           Enforces the proper version of the final, third level of the Encode::Mapper engines.

AUTHOR

       Otakar Smrz "<otakar-smrz users.sf.net>", <http://otakar-smrz.users.sf.net/>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

       Copyright (C) 2003-2010 Otakar Smrz

       This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
       terms as Perl itself.

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE