NAME

       File::Fetch - A generic file fetching mechanism

SYNOPSIS

           use File::Fetch;

           ### build a File::Fetch object ###
           my $ff = File::Fetch->new(uri => 'http://some.where.com/dir/a.txt');

           ### fetch the uri to cwd() ###
           my $where = $ff->fetch() or die $ff->error;

           ### fetch the uri to /tmp ###
           my $where = $ff->fetch( to => '/tmp' );

           ### parsed bits from the uri ###
           $ff->uri;
           $ff->scheme;
           $ff->host;
           $ff->path;
           $ff->file;

DESCRIPTION

       File::Fetch is a generic file fetching mechanism.

       It allows you to fetch any file pointed to by a "ftp", "http", "file", "git" or "rsync"
       uri by a number of different means.

       See the "HOW IT WORKS" section further down for details.

ACCESSORS

       A "File::Fetch" object has the following accessors

       $ff->uri
           The uri you passed to the constructor

       $ff->scheme
           The scheme from the uri (like 'file', 'http', etc)

       $ff->host
           The hostname in the uri.  Will be empty if host was originally 'localhost' for a
           'file://' url.

       $ff->vol
           On operating systems with the concept of a volume the second element of a file:// is
           considered to the be volume specification for the file.  Thus on Win32 this routine
           returns the volume, on other operating systems this returns nothing.

           On Windows this value may be empty if the uri is to a network share, in which case the
           'share' property will be defined. Additionally, volume specifications that use '|' as
           ':' will be converted on read to use ':'.

           On VMS, which has a volume concept, this field will be empty because VMS file
           specifications are converted to absolute UNIX format and the volume information is
           transparently included.

       $ff->share
           On systems with the concept of a network share (currently only Windows) returns the
           sharename from a file://// url.  On other operating systems returns empty.

       $ff->path
           The path from the uri, will be at least a single '/'.

       $ff->file
           The name of the remote file. For the local file name, the result of $ff->output_file
           will be used.

       $ff->file_default
           The name of the default local file, that $ff->output_file falls back to if it would
           otherwise return no filename. For example when fetching a URI like
           http://www.abc.net.au/ the contents retrieved may be from a remote file called
           'index.html'. The default value of this attribute is literally 'file_default'.

       $ff->output_file
           The name of the output file. This is the same as $ff->file, but any query parameters
           are stripped off. For example:

               http://example.com/index.html?x=y

           would make the output file be "index.html" rather than "index.html?x=y".

METHODS

   $ff = File::Fetch->new( uri => 'http://some.where.com/dir/file.txt' );
       Parses the uri and creates a corresponding File::Fetch::Item object, that is ready to be
       "fetch"ed and returns it.

       Returns false on failure.

   $where = $ff->fetch( [to => /my/output/dir/ | \$scalar] )
       Fetches the file you requested and returns the full path to the file.

       By default it writes to "cwd()", but you can override that by specifying the "to"
       argument:

           ### file fetch to /tmp, full path to the file in $where
           $where = $ff->fetch( to => '/tmp' );

           ### file slurped into $scalar, full path to the file in $where
           ### file is downloaded to a temp directory and cleaned up at exit time
           $where = $ff->fetch( to => \$scalar );

       Returns the full path to the downloaded file on success, and false on failure.

   $ff->error([BOOL])
       Returns the last encountered error as string.  Pass it a true value to get the
       "Carp::longmess()" output instead.

HOW IT WORKS

       File::Fetch is able to fetch a variety of uris, by using several external programs and
       modules.

       Below is a mapping of what utilities will be used in what order for what schemes, if
       available:

           file    => LWP, lftp, file
           http    => LWP, HTTP::Tiny, wget, curl, lftp, fetch, HTTP::Lite, lynx, iosock
           ftp     => LWP, Net::FTP, wget, curl, lftp, fetch, ncftp, ftp
           rsync   => rsync
           git     => git

       If you'd like to disable the use of one or more of these utilities and/or modules, see the
       $BLACKLIST variable further down.

       If a utility or module isn't available, it will be marked in a cache (see the $METHOD_FAIL
       variable further down), so it will not be tried again. The "fetch" method will only fail
       when all options are exhausted, and it was not able to retrieve the file.

       The "fetch" utility is available on FreeBSD. NetBSD and Dragonfly BSD may also have it
       from "pkgsrc". We only check for "fetch" on those three platforms.

       "iosock" is a very limited IO::Socket::INET based mechanism for retrieving "http" schemed
       urls. It doesn't follow redirects for instance.

       "git" only supports "git://" style urls.

       A special note about fetching files from an ftp uri:

       By default, all ftp connections are done in passive mode. To change that, see the
       $FTP_PASSIVE variable further down.

       Furthermore, ftp uris only support anonymous connections, so no named user/password pair
       can be passed along.

       "/bin/ftp" is blacklisted by default; see the $BLACKLIST variable further down.

GLOBAL VARIABLES

       The behaviour of File::Fetch can be altered by changing the following global variables:

   $File::Fetch::FROM_EMAIL
       This is the email address that will be sent as your anonymous ftp password.

       Default is "File-Fetch@example.com".

   $File::Fetch::USER_AGENT
       This is the useragent as "LWP" will report it.

       Default is "File::Fetch/$VERSION".

   $File::Fetch::FTP_PASSIVE
       This variable controls whether the environment variable "FTP_PASSIVE" and any passive
       switches to commandline tools will be set to true.

       Default value is 1.

       Note: When $FTP_PASSIVE is true, "ncftp" will not be used to fetch files, since passive
       mode can only be set interactively for this binary

   $File::Fetch::TIMEOUT
       When set, controls the network timeout (counted in seconds).

       Default value is 0.

   $File::Fetch::WARN
       This variable controls whether errors encountered internally by "File::Fetch" should be
       "carp"'d or not.

       Set to false to silence warnings. Inspect the output of the "error()" method manually to
       see what went wrong.

       Defaults to "true".

   $File::Fetch::DEBUG
       This enables debugging output when calling commandline utilities to fetch files.  This
       also enables "Carp::longmess" errors, instead of the regular "carp" errors.

       Good for tracking down why things don't work with your particular setup.

       Default is 0.

   $File::Fetch::BLACKLIST
       This is an array ref holding blacklisted modules/utilities for fetching files with.

       To disallow the use of, for example, "LWP" and "Net::FTP", you could set
       $File::Fetch::BLACKLIST to:

           $File::Fetch::BLACKLIST = [qw|lwp netftp|]

       The default blacklist is [qw|ftp|], as "/bin/ftp" is rather unreliable.

       See the note on "MAPPING" below.

   $File::Fetch::METHOD_FAIL
       This is a hashref registering what modules/utilities were known to fail for fetching files
       (mostly because they weren't installed).

       You can reset this cache by assigning an empty hashref to it, or individually remove keys.

       See the note on "MAPPING" below.

MAPPING

       Here's a quick mapping for the utilities/modules, and their names for the $BLACKLIST,
       $METHOD_FAIL and other internal functions.

           LWP         => lwp
           HTTP::Lite  => httplite
           HTTP::Tiny  => httptiny
           Net::FTP    => netftp
           wget        => wget
           lynx        => lynx
           ncftp       => ncftp
           ftp         => ftp
           curl        => curl
           rsync       => rsync
           lftp        => lftp
           fetch       => fetch
           IO::Socket  => iosock

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

   So how do I use a proxy with File::Fetch?
       "File::Fetch" currently only supports proxies with LWP::UserAgent.  You will need to set
       your environment variables accordingly. For example, to use an ftp proxy:

           $ENV{ftp_proxy} = 'foo.com';

       Refer to the LWP::UserAgent manpage for more details.

   I used 'lynx' to fetch a file, but its contents is all wrong!
       "lynx" can only fetch remote files by dumping its contents to "STDOUT", which we in turn
       capture. If that content is a 'custom' error file (like, say, a "404 handler"), you will
       get that contents instead.

       Sadly, "lynx" doesn't support any options to return a different exit code on non-"200 OK"
       status, giving us no way to tell the difference between a 'successful' fetch and a custom
       error page.

       Therefor, we recommend to only use "lynx" as a last resort. This is why it is at the back
       of our list of methods to try as well.

   Files I'm trying to fetch have reserved characters or non-ASCII characters in them. What do I
       do?
       "File::Fetch" is relatively smart about things. When trying to write a file to disk, it
       removes the "query parameters" (see the "output_file" method for details) from the file
       name before creating it. In most cases this suffices.

       If you have any other characters you need to escape, please install the "URI::Escape"
       module from CPAN, and pre-encode your URI before passing it to "File::Fetch". You can read
       about the details of URIs and URI encoding here:

         http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2396.html

TODO

       Implement $PREFER_BIN
           To indicate to rather use commandline tools than modules

BUG REPORTS

       Please report bugs or other issues to <bug-file-fetch@rt.cpan.org<gt>.

AUTHOR

       This module by Jos Boumans <kane@cpan.org>.

COPYRIGHT

       This library is free software; you may redistribute and/or modify it under the same terms
       as Perl itself.