Ubuntu Manpage: File::Finder - nice wrapper for File::Find ala find(1)

Provided by: libfile-finder-perl_0.53-2_all

NAME

       File::Finder - nice wrapper for File::Find ala find(1)

SYNOPSIS

         use File::Finder;
         ## simulate "-type f"
         my $all_files = File::Finder->type('f');

         ## any rule can be extended:
         my $all_files_printer = $all_files->print;

         ## traditional use: generating "wanted" subroutines:
         use File::Find;
         find($all_files_printer, @starting_points);

         ## or, we can gather up the results immediately:
         my @results = $all_files->in(@starting_points);

         ## -depth and -follow are noted, but need a bit of help for find:
         my $deep_dirs = File::Finder->depth->type('d')->ls->exec('rmdir','{}');
         find($deep_dirs->as_options, @places);

DESCRIPTION

"File::Find" is great, but constructing the "wanted" routine can sometimes be a pain.
This module provides a "wanted"-writer, using syntax that is directly mappable to the find
command's syntax.

Also, I find myself (heh) frequently just wanting the list of names that match. With
"File::Find", I have to write a little accumulator, and then access that from a closure.
But with "File::Finder", I can turn the problem inside out.

A "File::Finder" object contains a hash of "File::Find" options, and a series of steps
that mimic find's predicates. Initially, a "File::Finder" object has no steps. Each step
method clones the previous object's options and steps, and then adds the new step,
returning the new object. In this manner, an object can be grown, step by step, by
chaining method calls. Furthermore, a partial sequence can be created and held, and used
as the head of many different sequences.

For example, a step sequence that finds only files looks like:

my $files = File::Finder->type('f');

Here, "type" is acting as a class method and thus a constructor. An instance of
"File::Finder" is returned, containing the one step to verify that only files are
selected. We could use this immediately as a "File::Find::find" wanted routine, although
it'd be uninteresting:

use File::Find;
find($files, "/tmp");

Calling a step method on an existing object adds the step, returning the new object:

my $files_print = $files->print;

And now if we use this with "find", we get a nice display:

find($files_print, "/tmp");

Of course, we didn't really need that second object: we could have generated it on the
fly:

find($files->print, "/tmp");

"File::Find" supports options to modify behavior, such as depth-first searching. The
"depth" step flags this in the options as well:

my $files_depth_print = $files->depth->print;

However, the "File::Finder" object needs to be told explictly to generate an options hash
for "File::Find::find" to pass this information along:

find($files_depth_print->as_options, "/tmp");

A "File::Finder" object, like the find command, supports AND, OR, NOT, and parenthesized
sub-expressions. AND binds tighter than OR, and is also implied everywhere that it makes
sense. Like find, the predicates are computed in a "short-circuit" fashion, so that a
false to the left of the (implied) AND keeps the right side from being evaluated,
including entire parenthesized subexpressions. Similarly, if the left side of an OR is
false, the right side is evaluated, and if the left side of the OR is true, the right side
is skipped. Nested parens are handled properly. Parens are indicated with the rather
ugly "left" and "right" methods:

my $big_or_old_files = $files->left->size("+50")->or->atime("+30")->right;

The parens here correspond directly to the parens in:

find somewhere -type f '(' -size +50 -o -atime +30 ')'

and are needed so that the OR and the implied ANDs have the right nesting.

Besides passing the constructed "File::Finder" object to "File::Finder::find" directly as
a "wanted" routine or an options hash, you can also call "find" implictly, with "in".
"in" provides a list of starting points, and returns all filenames that match the
criteria.

For example, a list of all names in /tmp can be generated simply with:

my @names = File::Finder->in("/tmp");

For more flexibility, use "collect" to execute an arbitrary block in a list context,
concatenating all the results (similar to "map"):

my %sizes = File::Finder
->collect(sub { $File::Find::name => -s _ }, "/tmp");

That's all I can think of for now. The rest is in the detailed reference below.

META METHODS
All of these methods can be used as class or instance methods, except "new", which is
usually not needed and is class only.

new Not strictly needed, because any instance method called on a class will create a new
object anyway.

as_wanted
Returns a subroutine suitable for passing to "File::Find::find" or
"File::Find::finddepth" as the wanted routine. If the object is used in a place that
wants a coderef, this happens automatically through overloading.

as_options
Returns a hashref suitable for passing to "File::Find::find" or
"File::Find::finddepth" as the options hash. This is necessary if you want the meta-
information to carry forward properly.

in(@starting_points)
Calls "File::Find::find($self->as_options, @starting_points)", gathering the results,
and returns the results as a list. At the moment, it also returns the count of those
items in a scalar context. If that's useful, I'll maintain that.

collect($coderef, @starting_points)
Calls $coderef in a list context for each of the matching items, gathering and
concatenating the results, and returning the results as a list.

my $f = File::Finder->type('f');
my %sizes = $f->collect(sub { $File::Find::name, -s _ }, "/tmp");

In fact, "in" is implemented by calling "collect" with a coderef of just "sub {
$File::Find::name }".

STEPS
See File::Finder::Steps.

SPEED
All the steps can have a compile-time and run-time component. As much work is done during
compile-time as possible. Runtime consists of a simple linear pass executing a series of
closures representing the individual steps (not method calls). It is hoped that this will
produce a speed that is within a factor of 2 or 3 of a handcrafted monolithic "wanted"
routine.

BUGS

       Please report bugs to "bug-File-Finder@rt.cpan.org".

AUTHOR

       Randal L. Schwartz, <merlyn@stonehenge.com>, with a tip of the hat to Richard Clamp for
       "File::Find::Rule".

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE