Ubuntu Manpage: IO::Compress::Deflate - Write RFC 1950 files/buffers

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NAME

       IO::Compress::Deflate - Write RFC 1950 files/buffers

SYNOPSIS

           use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(deflate $DeflateError) ;

           my $status = deflate $input => $output [,OPTS]
               or die "deflate failed: $DeflateError\n";

           my $z = new IO::Compress::Deflate $output [,OPTS]
               or die "deflate failed: $DeflateError\n";

           $z->print($string);
           $z->printf($format, $string);
           $z->write($string);
           $z->syswrite($string [, $length, $offset]);
           $z->flush();
           $z->tell();
           $z->eof();
           $z->seek($position, $whence);
           $z->binmode();
           $z->fileno();
           $z->opened();
           $z->autoflush();
           $z->input_line_number();
           $z->newStream( [OPTS] );

           $z->deflateParams();

           $z->close() ;

           $DeflateError ;

           # IO::File mode

           print $z $string;
           printf $z $format, $string;
           tell $z
           eof $z
           seek $z, $position, $whence
           binmode $z
           fileno $z
           close $z ;

DESCRIPTION

       This module provides a Perl interface that allows writing compressed data to files or
       buffer as defined in RFC 1950.

       For reading RFC 1950 files/buffers, see the companion module IO::Uncompress::Inflate.

Functional Interface

A top-level function, "deflate", is provided to carry out "one-shot" compression between
buffers and/or files. For finer control over the compression process, see the "OO
Interface" section.

use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(deflate $DeflateError) ;

deflate $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [,OPTS]
or die "deflate failed: $DeflateError\n";

The functional interface needs Perl5.005 or better.

deflate $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS]
"deflate" expects at least two parameters, $input_filename_or_reference and
$output_filename_or_reference.

The $input_filename_or_reference parameter

The parameter, $input_filename_or_reference, is used to define the source of the
uncompressed data.

It can take one of the following forms:

A filename
If the <$input_filename_or_reference> parameter is a simple scalar, it is assumed to
be a filename. This file will be opened for reading and the input data will be read
from it.

A filehandle
If the $input_filename_or_reference parameter is a filehandle, the input data will be
read from it. The string '-' can be used as an alias for standard input.

A scalar reference
If $input_filename_or_reference is a scalar reference, the input data will be read
from $$input_filename_or_reference.

An array reference
If $input_filename_or_reference is an array reference, each element in the array must
be a filename.

The input data will be read from each file in turn.

The complete array will be walked to ensure that it only contains valid filenames
before any data is compressed.

An Input FileGlob string
If $input_filename_or_reference is a string that is delimited by the characters "<"
and ">" "deflate" will assume that it is an input fileglob string. The input is the
list of files that match the fileglob.

See File::GlobMapper for more details.

If the $input_filename_or_reference parameter is any other type, "undef" will be returned.

The $output_filename_or_reference parameter

The parameter $output_filename_or_reference is used to control the destination of the
compressed data. This parameter can take one of these forms.

A filename
If the $output_filename_or_reference parameter is a simple scalar, it is assumed to
be a filename. This file will be opened for writing and the compressed data will be
written to it.

A filehandle
If the $output_filename_or_reference parameter is a filehandle, the compressed data
will be written to it. The string '-' can be used as an alias for standard output.

A scalar reference
If $output_filename_or_reference is a scalar reference, the compressed data will be
stored in $$output_filename_or_reference.

An Array Reference
If $output_filename_or_reference is an array reference, the compressed data will be
pushed onto the array.

An Output FileGlob
If $output_filename_or_reference is a string that is delimited by the characters "<"
and ">" "deflate" will assume that it is an output fileglob string. The output is the
list of files that match the fileglob.

When $output_filename_or_reference is an fileglob string,
$input_filename_or_reference must also be a fileglob string. Anything else is an
error.

See File::GlobMapper for more details.

If the $output_filename_or_reference parameter is any other type, "undef" will be
returned.

Notes
When $input_filename_or_reference maps to multiple files/buffers and
$output_filename_or_reference is a single file/buffer the input files/buffers will be
stored in $output_filename_or_reference as a concatenated series of compressed data
streams.

Optional Parameters
Unless specified below, the optional parameters for "deflate", "OPTS", are the same as
those used with the OO interface defined in the "Constructor Options" section below.

"AutoClose => 0|1"
This option applies to any input or output data streams to "deflate" that are
filehandles.

If "AutoClose" is specified, and the value is true, it will result in all input
and/or output filehandles being closed once "deflate" has completed.

This parameter defaults to 0.

"BinModeIn => 0|1"
When reading from a file or filehandle, set "binmode" before reading.

Defaults to 0.

"Append => 0|1"
The behaviour of this option is dependent on the type of output data stream.

• A Buffer

If "Append" is enabled, all compressed data will be append to the end of the
output buffer. Otherwise the output buffer will be cleared before any compressed
data is written to it.

• A Filename

If "Append" is enabled, the file will be opened in append mode. Otherwise the
contents of the file, if any, will be truncated before any compressed data is
written to it.

• A Filehandle

If "Append" is enabled, the filehandle will be positioned to the end of the file
via a call to "seek" before any compressed data is written to it. Otherwise the
file pointer will not be moved.

When "Append" is specified, and set to true, it will append all compressed data to
the output data stream.

So when the output is a filehandle it will carry out a seek to the eof before writing
any compressed data. If the output is a filename, it will be opened for appending. If
the output is a buffer, all compressed data will be appended to the existing buffer.

Conversely when "Append" is not specified, or it is present and is set to false, it
will operate as follows.

When the output is a filename, it will truncate the contents of the file before
writing any compressed data. If the output is a filehandle its position will not be
changed. If the output is a buffer, it will be wiped before any compressed data is
output.

Defaults to 0.

Examples
To read the contents of the file "file1.txt" and write the compressed data to the file
"file1.txt.1950".

use strict ;
use warnings ;
use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(deflate $DeflateError) ;

my $input = "file1.txt";
deflate $input => "$input.1950"
or die "deflate failed: $DeflateError\n";

To read from an existing Perl filehandle, $input, and write the compressed data to a
buffer, $buffer.

use strict ;
use warnings ;
use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(deflate $DeflateError) ;
use IO::File ;

my $input = new IO::File "<file1.txt"
or die "Cannot open 'file1.txt': $!\n" ;
my $buffer ;
deflate $input => \$buffer
or die "deflate failed: $DeflateError\n";

To compress all files in the directory "/my/home" that match "*.txt" and store the
compressed data in the same directory

use strict ;
use warnings ;
use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(deflate $DeflateError) ;

deflate '</my/home/*.txt>' => '<*.1950>'
or die "deflate failed: $DeflateError\n";

and if you want to compress each file one at a time, this will do the trick

use strict ;
use warnings ;
use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(deflate $DeflateError) ;

for my $input ( glob "/my/home/*.txt" )
{
my $output = "$input.1950" ;
deflate $input => $output
or die "Error compressing '$input': $DeflateError\n";
}

OO Interface

Constructor
The format of the constructor for "IO::Compress::Deflate" is shown below

my $z = new IO::Compress::Deflate $output [,OPTS]
or die "IO::Compress::Deflate failed: $DeflateError\n";

It returns an "IO::Compress::Deflate" object on success and undef on failure. The
variable $DeflateError will contain an error message on failure.

If you are running Perl 5.005 or better the object, $z, returned from
IO::Compress::Deflate can be used exactly like an IO::File filehandle. This means that
all normal output file operations can be carried out with $z. For example, to write to a
compressed file/buffer you can use either of these forms

$z->print("hello world\n");
print $z "hello world\n";

The mandatory parameter $output is used to control the destination of the compressed data.
This parameter can take one of these forms.

A filename
If the $output parameter is a simple scalar, it is assumed to be a filename. This
file will be opened for writing and the compressed data will be written to it.

A filehandle
If the $output parameter is a filehandle, the compressed data will be written to it.
The string '-' can be used as an alias for standard output.

A scalar reference
If $output is a scalar reference, the compressed data will be stored in $$output.

If the $output parameter is any other type, "IO::Compress::Deflate"::new will return
undef.

Constructor Options
"OPTS" is any combination of the following options:

"AutoClose => 0|1"
This option is only valid when the $output parameter is a filehandle. If specified,
and the value is true, it will result in the $output being closed once either the
"close" method is called or the "IO::Compress::Deflate" object is destroyed.

This parameter defaults to 0.

"Append => 0|1"
Opens $output in append mode.

The behaviour of this option is dependent on the type of $output.

• A Buffer

If $output is a buffer and "Append" is enabled, all compressed data will be
append to the end of $output. Otherwise $output will be cleared before any data
is written to it.

• A Filename

If $output is a filename and "Append" is enabled, the file will be opened in
append mode. Otherwise the contents of the file, if any, will be truncated
before any compressed data is written to it.

• A Filehandle

If $output is a filehandle, the file pointer will be positioned to the end of
the file via a call to "seek" before any compressed data is written to it.
Otherwise the file pointer will not be moved.

This parameter defaults to 0.

"Merge => 0|1"
This option is used to compress input data and append it to an existing compressed
data stream in $output. The end result is a single compressed data stream stored in
$output.

It is a fatal error to attempt to use this option when $output is not an RFC 1950
data stream.

There are a number of other limitations with the "Merge" option:

1. This module needs to have been built with zlib 1.2.1 or better to work. A fatal
error will be thrown if "Merge" is used with an older version of zlib.

2. If $output is a file or a filehandle, it must be seekable.

This parameter defaults to 0.

-Level
Defines the compression level used by zlib. The value should either be a number
between 0 and 9 (0 means no compression and 9 is maximum compression), or one of the
symbolic constants defined below.

Z_NO_COMPRESSION
Z_BEST_SPEED
Z_BEST_COMPRESSION
Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION

The default is Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION.

Note, these constants are not imported by "IO::Compress::Deflate" by default.

use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(:strategy);
use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(:constants);
use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(:all);

-Strategy
Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. Use one of the symbolic constants
defined below.

Z_FILTERED
Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY
Z_RLE
Z_FIXED
Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY

The default is Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY.

"Strict => 0|1"
This is a placeholder option.

Examples
TODO

Methods

   print
       Usage is

           $z->print($data)
           print $z $data

       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter. This has the same behaviour as
       the "print" built-in.

       Returns true if successful.

   printf
       Usage is

           $z->printf($format, $data)
           printf $z $format, $data

       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter.

       Returns true if successful.

   syswrite
       Usage is

           $z->syswrite $data
           $z->syswrite $data, $length
           $z->syswrite $data, $length, $offset

       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter.

       Returns the number of uncompressed bytes written, or "undef" if unsuccessful.

   write
       Usage is

           $z->write $data
           $z->write $data, $length
           $z->write $data, $length, $offset

       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter.

       Returns the number of uncompressed bytes written, or "undef" if unsuccessful.

   flush
       Usage is

           $z->flush;
           $z->flush($flush_type);

       Flushes any pending compressed data to the output file/buffer.

       This method takes an optional parameter, $flush_type, that controls how the flushing will
       be carried out. By default the $flush_type used is "Z_FINISH". Other valid values for
       $flush_type are "Z_NO_FLUSH", "Z_SYNC_FLUSH", "Z_FULL_FLUSH" and "Z_BLOCK". It is strongly
       recommended that you only set the "flush_type" parameter if you fully understand the
       implications of what it does - overuse of "flush" can seriously degrade the level of
       compression achieved. See the "zlib" documentation for details.

       Returns true on success.

   tell
       Usage is

           $z->tell()
           tell $z

       Returns the uncompressed file offset.

   eof
       Usage is

           $z->eof();
           eof($z);

       Returns true if the "close" method has been called.

   seek
           $z->seek($position, $whence);
           seek($z, $position, $whence);

       Provides a sub-set of the "seek" functionality, with the restriction that it is only legal
       to seek forward in the output file/buffer.  It is a fatal error to attempt to seek
       backward.

       Empty parts of the file/buffer will have NULL (0x00) bytes written to them.

       The $whence parameter takes one the usual values, namely SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR or SEEK_END.

       Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure.

   binmode
       Usage is

           $z->binmode
           binmode $z ;

       This is a noop provided for completeness.

   opened
           $z->opened()

       Returns true if the object currently refers to a opened file/buffer.

   autoflush
           my $prev = $z->autoflush()
           my $prev = $z->autoflush(EXPR)

       If the $z object is associated with a file or a filehandle, this method returns the
       current autoflush setting for the underlying filehandle. If "EXPR" is present, and is non-
       zero, it will enable flushing after every write/print operation.

       If $z is associated with a buffer, this method has no effect and always returns "undef".

       Note that the special variable $| cannot be used to set or retrieve the autoflush setting.

   input_line_number
           $z->input_line_number()
           $z->input_line_number(EXPR)

       This method always returns "undef" when compressing.

   fileno
           $z->fileno()
           fileno($z)

       If the $z object is associated with a file or a filehandle, "fileno" will return the
       underlying file descriptor. Once the "close" method is called "fileno" will return
       "undef".

       If the $z object is associated with a buffer, this method will return "undef".

   close
           $z->close() ;
           close $z ;

       Flushes any pending compressed data and then closes the output file/buffer.

       For most versions of Perl this method will be automatically invoked if the
       IO::Compress::Deflate object is destroyed (either explicitly or by the variable with the
       reference to the object going out of scope). The exceptions are Perl versions 5.005
       through 5.00504 and 5.8.0. In these cases, the "close" method will be called
       automatically, but not until global destruction of all live objects when the program is
       terminating.

       Therefore, if you want your scripts to be able to run on all versions of Perl, you should
       call "close" explicitly and not rely on automatic closing.

       Returns true on success, otherwise 0.

       If the "AutoClose" option has been enabled when the IO::Compress::Deflate object was
       created, and the object is associated with a file, the underlying file will also be
       closed.

   newStream([OPTS])
       Usage is

           $z->newStream( [OPTS] )

       Closes the current compressed data stream and starts a new one.

       OPTS consists of any of the options that are available when creating the $z object.

       See the "Constructor Options" section for more details.

   deflateParams
       Usage is

           $z->deflateParams

       TODO

Importing

       A number of symbolic constants are required by some methods in "IO::Compress::Deflate".
       None are imported by default.

       :all Imports "deflate", $DeflateError and all symbolic constants that can be used by
            "IO::Compress::Deflate". Same as doing this

                use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(deflate $DeflateError :constants) ;

       :constants
            Import all symbolic constants. Same as doing this

                use IO::Compress::Deflate qw(:flush :level :strategy) ;

       :flush
            These symbolic constants are used by the "flush" method.

                Z_NO_FLUSH
                Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH
                Z_SYNC_FLUSH
                Z_FULL_FLUSH
                Z_FINISH
                Z_BLOCK

       :level
            These symbolic constants are used by the "Level" option in the constructor.

                Z_NO_COMPRESSION
                Z_BEST_SPEED
                Z_BEST_COMPRESSION
                Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION

       :strategy
            These symbolic constants are used by the "Strategy" option in the constructor.

                Z_FILTERED
                Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY
                Z_RLE
                Z_FIXED
                Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY

EXAMPLES

   Apache::GZip Revisited
       See IO::Compress::FAQ

   Working with Net::FTP
       See IO::Compress::FAQ

AUTHOR

       This module was written by Paul Marquess, "pmqs@cpan.org".

MODIFICATION HISTORY

       See the Changes file.

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

       Copyright (c) 2005-2017 Paul Marquess. All rights reserved.

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
       terms as Perl itself.

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Functional Interface

OO Interface

Methods

Importing

EXAMPLES

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

MODIFICATION HISTORY

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE