Provided by: liblog-report-perl_1.26-1_all 
NAME
Log::Report::Message - a piece of text to be translated
INHERITANCE
Log::Report::Message is extended by
Dancer2::Plugin::LogReport::Message
SYNOPSIS
# Objects created by Log::Report's __ functions
# Full feature description in the DETAILS section
# no interpolation
__"Hello, World";
# with interpolation
__x"age {years}", years => 12;
# interpolation for one or many
my $nr_files = @files;
__nx"one file", "{_count} files", $nr_files;
__nx"one file", "{_count} files", \@files;
# interpolation of arrays
__x"price-list: {prices%.2f}", prices => \@prices, _join => ', ';
# white-spacing on msgid preserved
print __"\tCongratulations,\n";
print "\t", __("Congratulations,"), "\n"; # same
DESCRIPTION
Any use of a translation function exported by Log::Report, like "__()" (the function is named underscore-
underscore) or "__x()" (underscore-underscore-x) will result in this object. It will capture some
environmental information, and delay the translation until it is needed.
Creating an object first and translating it later, is slower than translating it immediately. However,
on the location where the message is produced, we do not yet know in what language to translate it to:
that depends on the front-end, the log dispatcher.
METHODS
Constructors
$obj->clone(%options, $variables)
Returns a new object which copies info from original, and updates it with the specified %options and
$variables. The advantage is that the cached translations are shared between the objects.
example: use of clone()
my $s = __x "found {nr} files", nr => 5;
my $t = $s->clone(nr => 3);
my $t = $s->(nr => 3); # equivalent
print $s; # found 5 files
print $t; # found 3 files
Log::Report::Message->fromTemplateToolkit($domain, $msgid, $params)
See Log::Report::Extract::Template on the details how to integrate Log::Report translations with
Template::Toolkit (version 1 and 2)
Log::Report::Message->new(%options)
End-users: do not use this method directly, but use Log::Report::__() and friends. The %options is a
mixed list of object initiation parameters (all with a leading underscore) and variables to be filled
in into the translated "_msgid" string.
-Option --Default
_append undef
_category undef
_class []
_classes []
_context undef
_count undef
_domain <from "use Log::Report">
_expand false
_join $" $LIST_SEPARATOR
_lang <from locale>
_msgctxt undef
_msgid undef
_plural undef
_prepend undef
_to <undef>
_append => STRING|MESSAGE
Text as STRING or MESSAGE object to be displayed after the display of this message.
_category => INTEGER
The category when the real gettext library is used, for instance LC_MESSAGES.
_class => STRING|ARRAY
When messages are used for exception based programming, you add "_class" parameters to the argument
list. Later, with for instance Log::Report::Dispatcher::Try::wasFatal(class), you can check the
category of the message.
One message can be part of multiple classes. The STRING is used as comma- and/or blank separated
list of class tokens (barewords), the ARRAY lists all tokens separately. See classes().
_classes => STRING|ARRAY
Alternative for "_class", which cannot be used at the same time.
_context => WORDS|ARRAY
[1.00] Set keywords which can be used to select alternatives between translations. Read the
DETAILS section in Log::Report::Translator::Context
_count => INTEGER|ARRAY|HASH
When defined, the "_plural" need to be defined as well. When an ARRAY is provided, the length of
the ARRAY is taken. When a HASH is given, the number of keys in the HASH is used.
_domain => STRING
The text-domain (translation table) to which this "_msgid" belongs.
With this parameter, your can "borrow" translations from other textdomains. Be very careful with
this (although there are good use-cases) The xgettext msgid extractor may add the used msgid to
this namespace as well. To avoid that, add a harmless '+':
print __x(+"errors", _domain => 'global');
The extractor will not take the msgid when it is an expression. The '+' has no effect on the
string at runtime.
_expand => BOOLEAN
Indicates whether variables are to be filled-in.
_join => STRING
Which STRING to be used then an ARRAY is being filled-in.
_lang => ISO
[1.00] Override language setting from locale, for instance because that is not configured correctly
(yet). This does not extend to prepended or appended translated message object.
_msgctxt => STRING
[1.22] Message context in the translation file, the traditional use. Cannot be combined with
"_context" on the same msgids.
_msgid => MSGID
The message label, which refers to some translation information. Usually a string which is close
the English version of the message. This will also be used if there is no translation
possible/known.
Leading white-space "\s" will be added to "_prepend". Trailing white-space will be added before
"_append".
_plural => MSGID
Can be used together with "_count". This plural form of the "_msgid" text is used to simplify the
work of translators, and as fallback when no translation is possible: therefore, this can best
resemble an English message.
White-space at the beginning and end of the string are stripped off. The white-space provided by
the "_msgid" will be used.
_prepend => STRING|MESSAGE
Text as STRING or MESSAGE object to be displayed before the display of this message.
_to => NAME
Specify the NAME of a dispatcher as destination explicitly. Short for "report {to => NAME}, ..."
See to()
Accessors
$obj->append()
Returns the string or Log::Report::Message object which is appended after this one. Usually "undef".
$obj->classes()
Returns the LIST of classes which are defined for this message; message group indicators, as often
found in exception-based programming.
$obj->context()
Returns an HASH if there is a context defined for this message.
$obj->count()
Returns the count, which is used to select the translation alternatives.
$obj->domain()
Returns the domain of the first translatable string in the structure.
$obj->msgctxt()
The message context for the translation table lookup.
$obj->msgid()
Returns the msgid which will later be translated.
$obj->prepend()
Returns the string which is prepended to this one. Usually "undef".
$obj->to( [$name] )
Returns the $name of a dispatcher if explicitly specified with the '_to' key. Can also be used to set
it. Usually, this will return undef, because usually all dispatchers get all messages.
$obj->valueOf($parameter)
Lookup the named $parameter for the message. All pre-defined names have their own method which
should be used with preference.
example:
When the message was produced with
my @files = qw/one two three/;
my $msg = __xn "found one file: {file}"
, "found {nrfiles} files: {files}"
, scalar @files
, file => $files[0]
, files => \@files
, nrfiles => @files+0
, _class => 'IO, files'
, _join => ', ';
then the values can be takes from the produced message as
my $files = $msg->valueOf('files'); # returns ARRAY reference
print @$files; # 3
my $count = $msg->count; # 3
my @class = $msg->classes; # 'IO', 'files'
if($msg->inClass('files')) # true
Simplified, the above example can also be written as:
local $" = ', ';
my $msg = __xn "found one file: {files}"
, "found {_count} files: {files}"
, @files # has scalar context
, files => \@files
, _class => 'IO, files';
Processing
$obj->concat( STRING|$object, [$prepend] )
This method implements the overloading of concatenation, which is needed to delay translations even
longer. When $prepend is true, the STRING or $object (other "Log::Report::Message") needs to
prepended, otherwise it is appended.
example: of concatenation
print __"Hello" . ' ' . __"World!";
print __("Hello")->concat(' ')->concat(__"World!")->concat("\n");
$obj->inClass($class|Regexp)
Returns true if the message is in the specified $class (string) or matches the Regexp. The trueth
value is the (first matching) class.
$obj->toHTML( [$locale] )
[1.11] Translate the message, and then entity encode HTML volatile characters.
[1.20] When used in combination with a templating system, you may want to use "<content_for ="
'HTML'>> in Log::Report::Domain::configure(formatter).
example:
print $msg->toHTML('NL');
$obj->toString( [$locale] )
Translate a message. If not specified, the default locale is used.
$obj->untranslated()
Return the concatenation of the prepend, msgid, and append strings. Variable expansions within the
msgid is not performed.
DETAILS
OPTIONS and VARIABLES
The Log::Report functions which define translation request can all have OPTIONS. Some can have VARIABLES
to be interpolated in the string as well. To distinguish between the OPTIONS and VARIABLES (both a list
of key-value pairs), the keys of the OPTIONS start with an underscore "_". As result of this, please
avoid the use of keys which start with an underscore in variable names. On the other hand, you are
allowed to interpolate OPTION values in your strings.
Interpolating
With the "__x()" or "__nx()", interpolation will take place on the translated MSGID string. The
translation can contain the VARIABLE and OPTION names between curly brackets. Text between curly
brackets which is not a known parameter will be left untouched.
fault __x"cannot open open {filename}", filename => $fn;
print __xn"directory {dir} contains one file"
,"directory {dir} contains {nr_files} files"
, scalar(@files) # (1) (2)
, nr_files => scalar @files # (3)
, dir => $dir;
(1) this required third parameter is used to switch between the different plural forms. English has only
two forms, but some languages have many more.
(2) the "scalar" keyword is not needed, because the third parameter is in SCALAR context. You may also
pass " \@files " there, because ARRAYs will be converted into their length. A HASH will be converted
into the number of keys in the HASH.
(3) the "scalar" keyword is required here, because it is LIST context: otherwise all filenames will be
filled-in as parameters to "__xn()". See below for the available "_count" valure, to see how the
"nr_files" parameter can disappear.
Interpolation of VARIABLES
"Log::Report" uses String::Print to interpolate values in(translated) messages. This is a very powerful
syntax, and you should certainly read that manual-page. Here, we only described additional features,
specific to the usage of "String::Print" in "Log::Report::Message" objects.
There is no way of checking beforehand whether you have provided all required values, to be interpolated
in the translated string.
For interpolating, the following rules apply:
• Simple scalar values are interpolated "as is"
• References to SCALARs will collect the value on the moment that the output is made. The
"Log::Report::Message" object which is created with the "__xn" can be seen as a closure. The
translation can be reused. See example below.
• Code references can be used to create the data "under fly". The "Log::Report::Message" object which
is being handled is passed as only argument. This is a hash in which all OPTIONS and VARIABLES can
be found.
• When the value is an ARRAY, all members will be interpolated with $" between the elements.
Alternatively (maybe nicer), you can pass an interpolation parameter via the "_join" OPTION.
local $" = ', ';
error __x"matching files: {files}", files => \@files;
error __x"matching files: {files}", files => \@files, _join => ', ';
Interpolation of OPTIONS
You are permitted the interpolate OPTION values in your string. This may simplify your coding. The
useful names are:
_msgid
The MSGID as provided with Log::Report::__() and Log::Report::__x()
_plural, _count
The PLURAL MSGIDs, respectively the COUNT as used with Log::Report::__n() and Log::Report::__nx()
_textdomain
The label of the textdomain in which the translation takes place.
_class or _classes
Are to be used to group reports, and can be queried with inClass(),
Log::Report::Exception::inClass(), or Log::Report::Dispatcher::Try::wasFatal().
. Example: using the _count
With Locale::TextDomain, you have to do
use Locale::TextDomain;
print __nx ( "One file has been deleted.\n"
, "{num} files have been deleted.\n"
, $num_files
, num => $num_files
);
With "Log::Report", you can do
use Log::Report;
print __nx ( "One file has been deleted.\n"
, "{_count} files have been deleted.\n"
, $num_files
);
Of course, you need to be aware that the name used to reference the counter is fixed to "_count". The
first example works as well, but is more verbose.
Handling white-spaces
In above examples, the msgid and plural form have a trailing new-line. In general, it is much easier to
write
print __x"Hello, World!\n";
than
print __x("Hello, World!") . "\n";
For the translation tables, however, that trailing new-line is "over information"; it is an layout issue,
not a translation issue.
Therefore, the first form will automatically be translated into the second. All leading and trailing
white-space (blanks, new-lines, tabs, ...) are removed from the msgid before the look-up, and then added
to the translated string.
Leading and trailing white-space on the plural form will also be removed. However, after translation the
spacing of the msgid will be used.
Avoiding repetative translations
This way of translating is somewhat expensive, because an object to handle the "__x()" is created each
time.
for my $i (1..100_000)
{ print __x "Hello World {i}\n", i => $i;
}
The suggestion that Locale::TextDomain makes to improve performance, is to get the translation outside
the loop, which only works without interpolation:
use Locale::TextDomain;
my $i = 42;
my $s = __x("Hello World {i}\n", i => $i);
foreach $i (1..100_000)
{ print $s;
}
Oops, not what you mean because the first value of $i is captured in the initial message object. With
Log::Report, you can do it (except when you use contexts)
use Log::Report;
my $i;
my $s = __x("Hello World {i}\n", i => \$i);
foreach $i (1..100_000)
{ print $s;
}
Mind you not to write: "for my $i" in above case!!!!
You can also write an incomplete translation:
use Log::Report;
my $s = __x "Hello World {i}\n";
foreach my $i (1..100_000)
{ print $s->(i => $i);
}
In either case, the translation will be looked-up only once.
OVERLOADING
overload: as $function
When the object is used to call as $function, a new object is created with the data from the original
one but updated with the new parameters. Implemented in "clone()".
overload: concatenation
An (accidental) use of concatenation (a dot where a comma should be used) would immediately stringify
the object. This is avoided by overloading that operation.
overload: stringification
When the object is used in string context, it will get translated. Implemented as toString().
SEE ALSO
This module is part of Log-Report distribution version 1.26, built on January 23, 2018. Website:
http://perl.overmeer.net/CPAN/
LICENSE
Copyrights 2007-2018 by [Mark Overmeer]. For other contributors see ChangeLog.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl
itself. See http://dev.perl.org/licenses/