NAME

       Moose::Manual::Exceptions - Moose's exceptions

VERSION

       version 2.2009

EXCEPTIONS IN MOOSE

       Moose will throw an exception for all error conditions. This applies both to code in the
       Moose core as well as to all code generated when a class is made immutable. All exceptions
       are subclasses of the "Moose::Exception" class.

       Each type of error has its own unique subclass, and many subclasses have additional
       attributes to provide more information about the error's context, such as what classes or
       roles were involved.

EXCEPTION STRINGIFICATION

       By default, Moose exceptions remove Moose internals from the stack trace. If you set the
       "MOOSE_FULL_EXCEPTION" environment variable to a true value, then the Moose internals will
       be included in the trace.

HANDLING MOOSE EXCEPTIONS

       Because Moose's exceptions use the standard "die" mechanism, you are free to catch and
       handle errors however you like. You could use an "eval" block to catch Moose exceptions.
       However, the Moose team strongly recommends using Try::Tiny instead. Please refer to
       Try::Tiny's documentation for a discussion of how "eval" is dangerous.

       The following example demonstrates how to catch and inspect a Moose::Exception. For the
       sake of simplicity, we will cause a very simple error. The "extends" keywords expects a
       list of superclass names. If we pass no superclass names, Moose will throw an instance of
       Moose::Exception::ExtendsMissingArgs.

   Catching with Try::Tiny
           use warnings;
           use strict;
           use Try::Tiny;

           try {
               package Example::Exception;
               use Moose;
               extends;    # <-- error!
           }
           catch {
               # $_ contains the instance of the exception thrown by the above try
               # block, but $_ may get clobbered, so we should copy its value to
               # another variable.
               my $e = $_;

               # Exception objects are not ubiquitous in Perl, so we must check
               # whether $e is blessed. We also need to ensure that $e is actually
               # the kind of exception we were expecting.
               if ( blessed $e
                   && $e->isa('Moose::Exception::ExtendsMissingArgs') ) {

                   my $class_name = $e->class_name;
                   warn "You forgot to specify a superclass for $class_name, silly!";
               }

               # It's either another type of an object or not an object at all.
               else {
                   warn "$e\n";
               }
           }

   Example of catching ValidationFailedForTypeConstraint
           use warnings;
           use strict;

           use Try::Tiny;

           {
               package Person;
               use Moose;
               use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints;

               subtype 'NameStr',
                   as 'Str',
                   where { $_ =~ /^[a-zA-Z]+$/; };

               has age => (
                   is       => 'ro',
                   isa      => 'Int',
                   required => 1
               );

               has name => (
                   is       => 'ro',
                   isa      => 'NameStr',
                   required => 1
               );
           }

           my $person;
           while ( !$person ) {
               try {
                   print 'Enter your age : ';
                   my $age = <STDIN>;
                   chomp $age;
                   print 'Enter your name : ';
                   my $name = <STDIN>;
                   chomp $name;
                   $person = Person->new(
                       age  => $age,
                       name => $name
                   );
                   my $person_name = $person->name;
                   my $person_age  = $person->age;
                   print "$person_name is $person_age years old\n";
               }
               catch {
                   my $e = $_;

                   if (
                       blessed $e
                       && $e->isa(
                           'Moose::Exception::ValidationFailedForTypeConstraint')
                       ) {

                       my $attribute_name = $e->attribute->name;
                       my $type_name      = $e->type->name;
                       my $value          = $e->value;

                       warn
                           "You entered $value for $attribute_name, which is not a $type_name!";
                   }
                   else {
                       warn "$e\n";
                   }
               }
           }

   Example of catching AttributeIsRequired
           use warnings;
           use strict;
           use Try::Tiny;

           {
               package Example::RequiredAttribute;
               use Moose;

               has required_attribute => (
                   is       => 'ro',
                   isa      => 'Int',
                   required => 1
               );
           }

           try {
               # we're not passing required_attribute, so it'll throw an exception
               my $object = Example::RequiredAttribute->new();
           }
           catch {
               my $e = $_;
               if ( blessed $e && $e->isa('Moose::Exception::AttributeIsRequired') )
               {
                   warn $e->message, "\n";
               }
               else {
                   warn "$e\n";
               }
           };

MOOSE EXCEPTION CLASSES

       All the exception classes are listed in Moose::Manual::Exceptions::Manifest.

AUTHORS

       •   Stevan Little <stevan.little@iinteractive.com>

       •   Dave Rolsky <autarch@urth.org>

       •   Jesse Luehrs <doy@tozt.net>

       •   Shawn M Moore <code@sartak.org>

       •   יובל קוג'מן (Yuval Kogman) <nothingmuch@woobling.org>

       •   Karen Etheridge <ether@cpan.org>

       •   Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>

       •   Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@weftsoar.net>

       •   Chris Prather <chris@prather.org>

       •   Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

       This software is copyright (c) 2006 by Infinity Interactive, Inc.

       This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as
       the Perl 5 programming language system itself.