Provided by: libproc-simple-perl_1.32-1_all 
NAME
Proc::Simple -- launch and control background processes
SYNOPSIS
use Proc::Simple;
$myproc = Proc::Simple->new(); # Create a new process object
$myproc->start("shell-command-line"); # Launch an external program
$myproc->start("command", # Launch an external program
"param", ...); # with parameters
$myproc->start(sub { ... }); # Launch a perl subroutine
$myproc->start(\&subroutine); # Launch a perl subroutine
$myproc->start(\&subroutine, # Launch a perl subroutine
$param, ...); # with parameters
$running = $myproc->poll(); # Poll Running Process
$exit_status = $myproc->wait(); # Wait until process is done
$proc->kill_on_destroy(1); # Set kill on destroy
$proc->signal_on_destroy("KILL"); # Specify signal to be sent
# on destroy
$myproc->kill(); # Kill Process (SIGTERM)
$myproc->kill("SIGUSR1"); # Send specified signal
$myproc->exit_status(); # Return exit status of process
Proc::Simple::debug($level); # Turn debug on
DESCRIPTION
The Proc::Simple package provides objects mimicing real-life processes from a user's point
of view. A new process object is created by
$myproc = Proc::Simple->new();
Either external programs or perl subroutines can be launched and controlled as processes
in the background.
A 10-second sleep process, for example, can be launched as an external program as in
$myproc->start("/bin/sleep 10"); # or
$myproc->start("/bin/sleep", "10");
or as a perl subroutine, as in
sub mysleep { sleep(shift); } # Define mysleep()
$myproc->start(\&mysleep, 10); # Launch it.
or even as
$myproc->start(sub { sleep(10); });
The start Method returns immediately after starting the specified process in background,
i.e. there's no blocking. It returns 1 if the process has been launched successfully and
0 if not.
The poll method checks if the process is still running
$running = $myproc->poll();
and returns 1 if it is, 0 if it's not. Finally,
$myproc->kill();
terminates the process by sending it the SIGTERM signal. As an option, another signal can
be specified.
$myproc->kill("SIGUSR1");
sends the SIGUSR1 signal to the running process. kill returns 1 if it succeeds in sending
the signal, 0 if it doesn't.
The methods are discussed in more detail in the next section.
A destructor is provided so that a signal can be sent to the forked processes
automatically should the process object be destroyed or if the process exits. By default
this behaviour is turned off (see the kill_on_destroy and signal_on_destroy methods).
METHODS
The following methods are available:
new (Constructor)
Create a new instance of this class by writing
$proc = new Proc::Simple;
or
$proc = Proc::Simple->new();
It takes no arguments.
start
Launches a new process. The "start()" method can be used to launch both external
programs (like "/bin/echo") or one of your self-defined subroutines (like "foo()") in
a new process.
For an external program to be started, call
$status = $proc->start("program-name");
If you want to pass a couple of parameters to the launched program, there's two
options: You can either pass them in one argument like in
$status = $proc->start("/bin/echo hello world");
or in several arguments like in
$status = $proc->start("/bin/echo", "hello", "world");
Just as in Perl's function "system()", there's a big difference between the two
methods: If you provide one argument containing a blank-separated command line, your
shell is going to process any meta-characters (if you choose to use some) before the
process is actually launched:
$status = $proc->start("/bin/ls -l /etc/initt*");
will expand "/etc/initt*" to "/etc/inittab" before running the "ls" command. If, on
the other hand, you say
$status = $proc->start("/bin/ls", "-l", "*");
the "*" will stay unexpanded, meaning you'll look for a file with the literal name "*"
(which is unlikely to exist on your system unless you deliberately create confusingly
named files :). For more info on this, look up "perldoc -f exec".
If, on the other hand, you want to start a Perl subroutine in the background, simply
provide the function reference like
$status = $proc->start(\&your_function);
or supply an unnamed subroutine:
$status = $proc->start( sub { sleep(1) } );
You can also provide additional parameters to be passed to the function:
$status = $proc->start(\&printme, "hello", "world");
The start Method returns immediately after starting the specified process in
background, i.e. non-blocking mode. It returns 1 if the process has been launched
successfully and 0 if not.
poll
The poll method checks if the process is still running
$running = $myproc->poll();
and returns 1 if it is, 0 if it's not.
kill
The kill() method:
$myproc->kill();
terminates the process by sending it the SIGTERM signal. As an option, another signal
can be specified.
$myproc->kill("SIGUSR1");
sends the SIGUSR1 signal to the running process. kill returns 1 if it succeeds in
sending the signal, 0 if it doesn't.
kill_on_destroy
Set a flag to determine whether the process attached to this object should be killed
when the object is destroyed. By default, this flag is set to false. The current
value is returned.
$current = $proc->kill_on_destroy;
$proc->kill_on_destroy(1); # Set flag to true
$proc->kill_on_destroy(0); # Set flag to false
signal_on_destroy
Method to set the signal that will be sent to the process when the object is destroyed
(Assuming kill_on_destroy is true). Returns the current setting.
$current = $proc->signal_on_destroy;
$proc->signal_on_destroy("KILL");
redirect_output
Redirects stdout and/or stderr output to a file. Specify undef to leave the
stderr/stdout handles of the process alone.
# stdout to a file, left stderr unchanged
$proc->redirect_output ("/tmp/someapp.stdout", undef);
# stderr to a file, left stdout unchanged
$proc->redirect_output (undef, "/tmp/someapp.stderr");
# stdout and stderr to a separate file
$proc->redirect_output ("/tmp/someapp.stdout", "/tmp/someapp.stderr");
Call this method before running the start method.
pid Returns the pid of the forked process associated with this object
$pid = $proc->pid;
t0 Returns the start time() of the forked process associated with this object
$t0 = $proc->t0();
t1 Returns the stop time() of the forked process associated with this object
$t1 = $proc->t1();
DESTROY (Destructor)
Object destructor. This method is called when the object is destroyed (eg with "undef"
or on exiting perl). If kill_on_destroy is true the process associated with the object
is sent the signal_on_destroy signal (SIGTERM if undefined).
exit_status
Returns the exit status of the process as the $! variable indicates. If the process
is still running, "undef" is returned.
wait
The wait method:
$exit_status = $myproc->wait();
waits until the process is done and returns its exit status.
debug
Switches debug messages on and off -- Proc::Simple::debug(1) switches them on,
Proc::Simple::debug(0) keeps Proc::Simple quiet.
cleanup
Proc::Simple keeps around data of terminated processes, e.g. you can check via "t0()"
and "t1()" how long a process ran, even if it's long gone. Over time, this data keeps
occupying more and more memory and if you have a long-running program, you might want
to run "Proc::Simple->cleanup()" every once in a while to get rid of data pertaining
to processes no longer in use.
NOTE
Please keep in mind that there is no guarantee that the SIGTERM signal really terminates a
process. Processes can have signal handlers defined that avoid the shutdown. If in doubt,
whether a process still exists, check it repeatedly with the poll routine after sending
the signal.
Shell Processes
If you pass a shell program to Proc::Simple, it'll use "exec()" to launch it. As noted in
Perl's "exec()" manpage, simple commands for the one-argument version of "exec()" will be
passed to "execvp()" directly, while commands containing characters like ";" or "*" will
be passed to a shell to make sure those get the shell expansion treatment.
This has the interesting side effect that if you launch something like
$p->start("./womper *");
then you'll see two processes in your process list:
$ ps auxww | grep womper
mschilli 9126 11:21 0:00 sh -c ./womper *
mschilli 9127 11:21 0:00 /usr/local/bin/perl -w ./womper ...
A regular "kill()" on the process PID would only kill the first process, but
Proc::Simple's "kill()" will use a negative signal and send it to the first process
(9126). Since it has marked the process as a process group leader when it created it
previously (via setsid()), this will cause both processes above to receive the signal sent
by "kill()".
Contributors
Tim Jenness <t.jenness@jach.hawaii.edu>
did kill_on_destroy/signal_on_destroy/pid
Mark R. Southern <mark_southern@merck.com>
worked on EXIT_STATUS tracking
Tobias Jahn <tjahn@users.sourceforge.net>
added redirection to stdout/stderr
Clauss Strauch <Clauss_Strauch@aquila.fac.cs.cmu.edu> suggested the multi-arg
start()-methods.
Chip Capelik contributed a patch with the wait() method.
Jeff Holt provided a patch for time tracking with t0() and t1().
Brad Cavanagh fixed RT33440 (unreliable $?)
AUTHOR
1996, Mike Schilli <cpan@perlmeister.com>
LICENSE
Copyright 1996-2011 by Mike Schilli, all rights reserved. This program is free software,
you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.