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NAME

       fwscanf, swscanf, wscanf — convert formatted wide-character input

SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <wchar.h>

       int fwscanf(FILE *restrict stream, const wchar_t *restrict format, ...);
       int swscanf(const wchar_t *restrict ws,
           const wchar_t *restrict format, ...);
       int wscanf(const wchar_t *restrict format, ...);

DESCRIPTION

The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with the ISO C standard. Any conflict
between the requirements described here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This volume of
POSIX.1‐2008 defers to the ISO C standard.

The fwscanf() function shall read from the named input stream. The wscanf() function shall read from the
standard input stream stdin. The swscanf() function shall read from the wide-character string ws. Each
function reads wide characters, interprets them according to a format, and stores the results in its
arguments. Each expects, as arguments, a control wide-character string format described below, and a set
of pointer arguments indicating where the converted input should be stored. The result is undefined if
there are insufficient arguments for the format. If the format is exhausted while arguments remain, the
excess arguments are evaluated but are otherwise ignored.

Conversions can be applied to the nth argument after the format in the argument list, rather than to the
next unused argument. In this case, the conversion specifier wide character % (see below) is replaced by
the sequence "%n$", where n is a decimal integer in the range [1,{NL_ARGMAX}]. This feature provides for
the definition of format wide-character strings that select arguments in an order appropriate to specific
languages. In format wide-character strings containing the "%n$" form of conversion specifications, it is
unspecified whether numbered arguments in the argument list can be referenced from the format wide-
character string more than once.

The format can contain either form of a conversion specification—that is, % or "%n$"— but the two forms
cannot normally be mixed within a single format wide-character string. The only exception to this is that
%% or %* can be mixed with the "%n$" form. When numbered argument specifications are used, specifying the
Nth argument requires that all the leading arguments, from the first to the (N−1)th, are pointers.

The fwscanf() function in all its forms allows for detection of a language-dependent radix character in
the input string, encoded as a wide-character value. The radix character is defined in the current locale
(category LC_NUMERIC). In the POSIX locale, or in a locale where the radix character is not defined, the
radix character shall default to a <period> ('.').

The format is a wide-character string composed of zero or more directives. Each directive is composed of
one of the following: one or more white-space wide characters (<space>, <tab>, <newline>, <vertical-tab>,
or <form-feed>); an ordinary wide character (neither '%' nor a white-space character); or a conversion
specification.

Each conversion specification is introduced by the '%' or by the character sequence "%n$", after which
the following appear in sequence:

* An optional assignment-suppressing character '*'.

* An optional non-zero decimal integer that specifies the maximum field width.

* An optional assignment-allocation character 'm'.

* An optional length modifier that specifies the size of the receiving object.

* A conversion specifier wide character that specifies the type of conversion to be applied. The valid
conversion specifiers are described below.

The fwscanf() functions shall execute each directive of the format in turn. If a directive fails, as
detailed below, the function shall return. Failures are described as input failures (due to the
unavailability of input bytes) or matching failures (due to inappropriate input).

A directive composed of one or more white-space wide characters is executed by reading input until no
more valid input can be read, or up to the first wide character which is not a white-space wide
character, which remains unread.

A directive that is an ordinary wide character shall be executed as follows. The next wide character is
read from the input and compared with the wide character that comprises the directive; if the comparison
shows that they are not equivalent, the directive shall fail, and the differing and subsequent wide
characters remain unread. Similarly, if end-of-file, an encoding error, or a read error prevents a wide
character from being read, the directive shall fail.

A directive that is a conversion specification defines a set of matching input sequences, as described
below for each conversion wide character. A conversion specification is executed in the following steps.

Input white-space wide characters (as specified by iswspace()) shall be skipped, unless the conversion
specification includes a [, c, or n conversion specifier.

An item shall be read from the input, unless the conversion specification includes an n conversion
specifier wide character. An input item is defined as the longest sequence of input wide characters, not
exceeding any specified field width, which is an initial subsequence of a matching sequence. The first
wide character, if any, after the input item shall remain unread. If the length of the input item is
zero, the execution of the conversion specification shall fail; this condition is a matching failure,
unless end-of-file, an encoding error, or a read error prevented input from the stream, in which case it
is an input failure.

Except in the case of a % conversion specifier, the input item (or, in the case of a %n conversion
specification, the count of input wide characters) shall be converted to a type appropriate to the
conversion wide character. If the input item is not a matching sequence, the execution of the conversion
specification shall fail; this condition is a matching failure. Unless assignment suppression was
indicated by a '*', the result of the conversion shall be placed in the object pointed to by the first
argument following the format argument that has not already received a conversion result if the
conversion specification is introduced by %, or in the nth argument if introduced by the wide-character
sequence "%n$". If this object does not have an appropriate type, or if the result of the conversion
cannot be represented in the space provided, the behavior is undefined.

The %c, %s, and %[ conversion specifiers shall accept an optional assignment-allocation character 'm',
which shall cause a memory buffer to be allocated to hold the wide-character string converted including a
terminating null wide character. In such a case, the argument corresponding to the conversion specifier
should be a reference to a pointer value that will receive a pointer to the allocated buffer. The system
shall allocate a buffer as if malloc() had been called. The application shall be responsible for freeing
the memory after usage. If there is insufficient memory to allocate a buffer, the function shall set
errno to [ENOMEM] and a conversion error shall result. If the function returns EOF, any memory
successfully allocated for parameters using assignment-allocation character 'm' by this call shall be
freed before the function returns.

The length modifiers and their meanings are:

hh Specifies that a following d, i, o, u, x, X, or n conversion specifier applies to an argument
with type pointer to signed char or unsigned char.

h Specifies that a following d, i, o, u, x, X, or n conversion specifier applies to an argument
with type pointer to short or unsigned short.

l (ell) Specifies that a following d, i, o, u, x, X, or n conversion specifier applies to an argument
with type pointer to long or unsigned long; that a following a, A, e, E, f, F, g, or G conversion
specifier applies to an argument with type pointer to double; or that a following c, s, or [
conversion specifier applies to an argument with type pointer to wchar_t. If the 'm' assignment-
allocation character is specified, the conversion applies to an argument with the type pointer to
a pointer to wchar_t.

ll (ell-ell)
Specifies that a following d, i, o, u, x, X, or n conversion specifier applies to an argument
with type pointer to long long or unsigned long long.

j Specifies that a following d, i, o, u, x, X, or n conversion specifier applies to an argument
with type pointer to intmax_t or uintmax_t.

z Specifies that a following d, i, o, u, x, X, or n conversion specifier applies to an argument
with type pointer to size_t or the corresponding signed integer type.

t Specifies that a following d, i, o, u, x, X, or n conversion specifier applies to an argument
with type pointer to ptrdiff_t or the corresponding unsigned type.

L Specifies that a following a, A, e, E, f, F, g, or G conversion specifier applies to an argument
with type pointer to long double.

If a length modifier appears with any conversion specifier other than as specified above, the behavior is
undefined.

The following conversion specifier wide characters are valid:

d Matches an optionally signed decimal integer, whose format is the same as expected for the
subject sequence of wcstol() with the value 10 for the base argument. In the absence of a size
modifier, the application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to int.

i Matches an optionally signed integer, whose format is the same as expected for the subject
sequence of wcstol() with 0 for the base argument. In the absence of a size modifier, the
application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to int.

o Matches an optionally signed octal integer, whose format is the same as expected for the subject
sequence of wcstoul() with the value 8 for the base argument. In the absence of a size modifier,
the application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to unsigned.

u Matches an optionally signed decimal integer, whose format is the same as expected for the
subject sequence of wcstoul() with the value 10 for the base argument. In the absence of a size
modifier, the application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to unsigned.

x Matches an optionally signed hexadecimal integer, whose format is the same as expected for the
subject sequence of wcstoul() with the value 16 for the base argument. In the absence of a size
modifier, the application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to unsigned.

a, e, f, g
Matches an optionally signed floating-point number, infinity, or NaN whose format is the same as
expected for the subject sequence of wcstod(). In the absence of a size modifier, the
application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to float.

If the fwprintf() family of functions generates character string representations for infinity and
NaN (a symbolic entity encoded in floating-point format) to support IEEE Std 754‐1985, the
fwscanf() family of functions shall recognize them as input.

s Matches a sequence of non-white-space wide characters. If no l (ell) qualifier is present,
characters from the input field shall be converted as if by repeated calls to the wcrtomb()
function, with the conversion state described by an mbstate_t object initialized to zero before
the first wide character is converted. If the 'm' assignment-allocation character is not
specified, the application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to a
character array large enough to accept the sequence and the terminating null character, which
shall be added automatically. Otherwise, the application shall ensure that the corresponding
argument is a pointer to a pointer to a wchar_t.

If the l (ell) qualifier is present and the 'm' assignment-allocation character is not specified,
the application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to an array of wchar_t
large enough to accept the sequence and the terminating null wide character, which shall be added
automatically. If the l (ell) qualifier is present and the 'm' assignment-allocation character
is present, the application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to a
pointer to a wchar_t.

[ Matches a non-empty sequence of wide characters from a set of expected wide characters (the
scanset). If no l (ell) qualifier is present, wide characters from the input field shall be
converted as if by repeated calls to the wcrtomb() function, with the conversion state described
by an mbstate_t object initialized to zero before the first wide character is converted. If the
'm' assignment-allocation character is not specified, the application shall ensure that the
corresponding argument is a pointer to a character array large enough to accept the sequence and
the terminating null character, which shall be added automatically. Otherwise, the application
shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to a pointer to a wchar_t.

If an l (ell) qualifier is present and the 'm' assignment-allocation character is not specified,
the application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to an array of wchar_t
large enough to accept the sequence and the terminating null wide character. If an l (ell)
qualifier is present and the 'm' assignment-allocation character is specified, the application
shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to a pointer to a wchar_t.

The conversion specification includes all subsequent wide characters in the format string up to
and including the matching <right-square-bracket> (']'). The wide characters between the square
brackets (the scanlist) comprise the scanset, unless the wide character after the <left-square-
bracket> is a <circumflex> ('^'), in which case the scanset contains all wide characters that do
not appear in the scanlist between the <circumflex> and the <right-square-bracket>. If the
conversion specification begins with "[]" or "[^]", the <right-square-bracket> is included in the
scanlist and the next <right-square-bracket> is the matching <right-square-bracket> that ends the
conversion specification; otherwise, the first <right-square-bracket> is the one that ends the
conversion specification. If a '−' is in the scanlist and is not the first wide character, nor
the second where the first wide character is a '^', nor the last wide character, the behavior is
implementation-defined.

c Matches a sequence of wide characters of exactly the number specified by the field width (1 if no
field width is present in the conversion specification).

If no l (ell) length modifier is present, characters from the input field shall be converted as
if by repeated calls to the wcrtomb() function, with the conversion state described by an
mbstate_t object initialized to zero before the first wide character is converted. No null
character is added. If the 'm' assignment-allocation character is not specified, the application
shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to the initial element of a character
array large enough to accept the sequence. Otherwise, the application shall ensure that the
corresponding argument is a pointer to a pointer to a char.

No null wide character is added. If an l (ell) length modifier is present and the 'm' assignment-
allocation character is not specified, the application shall ensure that the corresponding
argument shall be a pointer to the initial element of an array of wchar_t large enough to accept
the sequence. If an l (ell) qualifier is present and the 'm' assignment-allocation character is
specified, the application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to a pointer
to a wchar_t.

p Matches an implementation-defined set of sequences, which shall be the same as the set of
sequences that is produced by the %p conversion specification of the corresponding fwprintf()
functions. The application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to a pointer
to void. The interpretation of the input item is implementation-defined. If the input item is a
value converted earlier during the same program execution, the pointer that results shall compare
equal to that value; otherwise, the behavior of the %p conversion is undefined.

n No input is consumed. The application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer
to the integer into which is to be written the number of wide characters read from the input so
far by this call to the fwscanf() functions. Execution of a %n conversion specification shall not
increment the assignment count returned at the completion of execution of the function. No
argument shall be converted, but one shall be consumed. If the conversion specification includes
an assignment-suppressing wide character or a field width, the behavior is undefined.

C Equivalent to lc.

S Equivalent to ls.

% Matches a single '%' wide character; no conversion or assignment shall occur. The complete
conversion specification shall be %%.

If a conversion specification is invalid, the behavior is undefined.

The conversion specifiers A, E, F, G, and X are also valid and shall be equivalent to, respectively, a,
e, f, g, and x.

If end-of-file is encountered during input, conversion is terminated. If end-of-file occurs before any
wide characters matching the current conversion specification (except for %n) have been read (other than
leading white-space, where permitted), execution of the current conversion specification shall terminate
with an input failure. Otherwise, unless execution of the current conversion specification is terminated
with a matching failure, execution of the following conversion specification (if any) shall be terminated
with an input failure.

Reaching the end of the string in swscanf() shall be equivalent to encountering end-of-file for
fwscanf().

If conversion terminates on a conflicting input, the offending input shall be left unread in the input.
Any trailing white space (including <newline>) shall be left unread unless matched by a conversion
specification. The success of literal matches and suppressed assignments is only directly determinable
via the %n conversion specification.

The fwscanf() and wscanf() functions may mark the last data access timestamp of the file associated with
stream for update. The last data access timestamp shall be marked for update by the first successful
execution of fgetwc(), fgetws(), fwscanf(), getwc(), getwchar(), vfwscanf(), vwscanf(), or wscanf() using
stream that returns data not supplied by a prior call to ungetwc().

RETURN VALUE

       Upon successful completion, these functions shall return the number of successfully matched and  assigned
       input  items; this number can be zero in the event of an early matching failure. If the input ends before
       the first matching failure or conversion, EOF shall be returned.  If  any  error  occurs,  EOF  shall  be
       returned,  and errno shall be set to indicate the error.  If a read error occurs, the error indicator for
       the stream shall be set.

ERRORS

       For the conditions under which the fwscanf() functions shall fail and may fail, refer to fgetwc().

       In addition, the fwscanf() function shall fail if:

       EILSEQ Input byte sequence does not form a valid character.

       ENOMEM Insufficient storage space is available.

       In addition, the fwscanf() function may fail if:

       EINVAL There are insufficient arguments.

       The following sections are informative.

EXAMPLES

       The call:

           int i, n; float x; char name[50];
           n = wscanf(L"%d%f%s", &i, &x, name);

       with the input line:

           25 54.32E−1 Hamster

       assigns to n the value 3, to i the value 25,  to  x  the  value  5.432,  and  name  contains  the  string
       "Hamster".

       The call:

           int i; float x; char name[50];
           (void) wscanf(L"%2d%f%*d %[0123456789]", &i, &x, name);

       with input:

           56789 0123 56a72

       assigns  56  to  i,  789.0  to  x,  skips  0123,  and places the string "56\0" in name.  The next call to
       getchar() shall return the character 'a'.

APPLICATION USAGE

       In format strings containing the '%' form of conversion specifications, each  argument  in  the  argument
       list is used exactly once.

       For  functions that allocate memory as if by malloc(), the application should release such memory when it
       is no longer required by a call to free().  For fwscanf(), this is memory allocated via use  of  the  'm'
       assignment-allocation character.

RATIONALE

       None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

       None.

COPYRIGHT

       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition,
       Standard  for  Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
       Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,  Inc
       and  The  Open Group.  (This is POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the event
       of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard,  the  original
       IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
       http://www.unix.org/online.html .

       Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are most likely to have  been  introduced
       during   the   conversion  of  the  source  files  to  man  page  format.  To  report  such  errors,  see
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .