Provided by: tcllib_1.19-dfsg-2_all 
NAME
math::interpolate - Interpolation routines
SYNOPSIS
package require Tcl ?8.4?
package require struct
package require math::interpolate ?1.1?
::math::interpolate::defineTable name colnames values
::math::interpolate::interp-1d-table name xval
::math::interpolate::interp-table name xval yval
::math::interpolate::interp-linear xyvalues xval
::math::interpolate::interp-lagrange xyvalues xval
::math::interpolate::prepare-cubic-splines xcoord ycoord
::math::interpolate::interp-cubic-splines coeffs x
::math::interpolate::interp-spatial xyvalues coord
::math::interpolate::interp-spatial-params max_search power
::math::interpolate::neville xlist ylist x
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
DESCRIPTION
This package implements several interpolation algorithms:
• Interpolation into a table (one or two independent variables), this is useful for
example, if the data are static, like with tables of statistical functions.
• Linear interpolation into a given set of data (organised as (x,y) pairs).
• Lagrange interpolation. This is mainly of theoretical interest, because there is no
guarantee about error bounds. One possible use: if you need a line or a parabola
through given points (it will calculate the values, but not return the
coefficients).
A variation is Neville's method which has better behaviour and error bounds.
• Spatial interpolation using a straightforward distance-weight method. This
procedure allows any number of spatial dimensions and any number of dependent
variables.
• Interpolation in one dimension using cubic splines.
This document describes the procedures and explains their usage.
INCOMPATIBILITY WITH VERSION 1.0.3
The interpretation of the tables in the ::math::interpolate::interpolate-1d-table command
has been changed to be compatible with the interpretation for 2D interpolation in the
::math::interpolate::interpolate-table command. As a consequence this version is
incompatible with the previous versions of the command (1.0.x).
PROCEDURES
The interpolation package defines the following public procedures:
::math::interpolate::defineTable name colnames values
Define a table with one or two independent variables (the distinction is implicit
in the data). The procedure returns the name of the table - this name is used
whenever you want to interpolate the values. Note: this procedure is a convenient
wrapper for the struct::matrix procedure. Therefore you can access the data at any
location in your program.
string name (in)
Name of the table to be created
list colnames (in)
List of column names
list values (in)
List of values (the number of elements should be a multiple of the number of
columns. See EXAMPLES for more information on the interpretation of the
data.
The values must be sorted with respect to the independent variable(s).
::math::interpolate::interp-1d-table name xval
Interpolate into the one-dimensional table "name" and return a list of values, one
for each dependent column.
string name (in)
Name of an existing table
float xval (in)
Value of the independent row variable
::math::interpolate::interp-table name xval yval
Interpolate into the two-dimensional table "name" and return the interpolated
value.
string name (in)
Name of an existing table
float xval (in)
Value of the independent row variable
float yval (in)
Value of the independent column variable
::math::interpolate::interp-linear xyvalues xval
Interpolate linearly into the list of x,y pairs and return the interpolated value.
list xyvalues (in)
List of pairs of (x,y) values, sorted to increasing x. They are used as the
breakpoints of a piecewise linear function.
float xval (in)
Value of the independent variable for which the value of y must be computed.
::math::interpolate::interp-lagrange xyvalues xval
Use the list of x,y pairs to construct the unique polynomial of lowest degree that
passes through all points and return the interpolated value.
list xyvalues (in)
List of pairs of (x,y) values
float xval (in)
Value of the independent variable for which the value of y must be computed.
::math::interpolate::prepare-cubic-splines xcoord ycoord
Returns a list of coefficients for the second routine interp-cubic-splines to
actually interpolate.
list xcoord
List of x-coordinates for the value of the function to be interpolated is
known. The coordinates must be strictly ascending. At least three points are
required.
list ycoord
List of y-coordinates (the values of the function at the given x-
coordinates).
::math::interpolate::interp-cubic-splines coeffs x
Returns the interpolated value at coordinate x. The coefficients are computed by
the procedure prepare-cubic-splines.
list coeffs
List of coefficients as returned by prepare-cubic-splines
float x
x-coordinate at which to estimate the function. Must be between the first
and last x-coordinate for which values were given.
::math::interpolate::interp-spatial xyvalues coord
Use a straightforward interpolation method with weights as function of the inverse
distance to interpolate in 2D and N-dimensional space
The list xyvalues is a list of lists:
{ {x1 y1 z1 {v11 v12 v13 v14}}
{x2 y2 z2 {v21 v22 v23 v24}}
...
}
The last element of each inner list is either a single number or a list in itself.
In the latter case the return value is a list with the same number of elements.
The method is influenced by the search radius and the power of the inverse distance
list xyvalues (in)
List of lists, each sublist being a list of coordinates and of dependent
values.
list coord (in)
List of coordinates for which the values must be calculated
::math::interpolate::interp-spatial-params max_search power
Set the parameters for spatial interpolation
float max_search (in)
Search radius (data points further than this are ignored)
integer power (in)
Power for the distance (either 1 or 2; defaults to 2)
::math::interpolate::neville xlist ylist x
Interpolates between the tabulated values of a function whose abscissae are xlist
and whose ordinates are ylist to produce an estimate for the value of the function
at x. The result is a two-element list; the first element is the function's
estimated value, and the second is an estimate of the absolute error of the result.
Neville's algorithm for polynomial interpolation is used. Note that a large table
of values will use an interpolating polynomial of high degree, which is likely to
result in numerical instabilities; one is better off using only a few tabulated
values near the desired abscissa.
EXAMPLES
Example of using one-dimensional tables:
Suppose you have several tabulated functions of one variable:
x y1 y2
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 1.0 1.0
2.0 4.0 8.0
3.0 9.0 27.0
4.0 16.0 64.0
Then to estimate the values at 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5, you can use:
set table [::math::interpolate::defineTable table1 {x y1 y2} { - 1 2
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 1.0 1.0
2.0 4.0 8.0
3.0 9.0 27.0
4.0 16.0 64.0}]
foreach x {0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5} {
puts "$x: [::math::interpolate::interp-1d-table $table $x]"
}
For one-dimensional tables the first row is not used. For two-dimensional tables, the
first row represents the values for the second independent variable.
Example of using the cubic splines:
Suppose the following values are given:
x y
0.1 1.0
0.3 2.1
0.4 2.2
0.8 4.11
1.0 4.12
Then to estimate the values at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, ... 1.0, you can use:
set coeffs [::math::interpolate::prepare-cubic-splines {0.1 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.0} {1.0 2.1 2.2 4.11 4.12}]
foreach x {0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0} {
puts "$x: [::math::interpolate::interp-cubic-splines $coeffs $x]"
}
to get the following output:
0.1: 1.0
0.2: 1.68044117647
0.3: 2.1
0.4: 2.2
0.5: 3.11221507353
0.6: 4.25242647059
0.7: 5.41804227941
0.8: 4.11
0.9: 3.95675857843
1.0: 4.12
As you can see, the values at the abscissae are reproduced perfectly.
BUGS, IDEAS, FEEDBACK
This document, and the package it describes, will undoubtedly contain bugs and other
problems. Please report such in the category math :: interpolate of the Tcllib Trackers
[http://core.tcl.tk/tcllib/reportlist]. Please also report any ideas for enhancements you
may have for either package and/or documentation.
When proposing code changes, please provide unified diffs, i.e the output of diff -u.
Note further that attachments are strongly preferred over inlined patches. Attachments can
be made by going to the Edit form of the ticket immediately after its creation, and then
using the left-most button in the secondary navigation bar.
KEYWORDS
interpolation, math, spatial interpolation
CATEGORY
Mathematics
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 2004 Arjen Markus <arjenmarkus@users.sourceforge.net>
Copyright (c) 2004 Kevn B. Kenny <kennykb@users.sourceforge.net>