Ubuntu Manpage: orpierc is the configuration textfile for the orpie(1) console calculator.

NAME

       orpierc is the configuration textfile for the orpie(1) console calculator.

INTRODUCTION

       CAUTION:  while this manpage should be suitable as a quick reference, it may be subject to
       miscellaneous shortcomings in typesetting. The definitive documentation is the user manual
       provided with Orpie in PDF format.

       Orpie     reads     a    run-configuration    textfile    (generally    /etc/orpierc    or
       /usr/local/etc/orpierc)  to  determine  key  and  command  bindings.  You  can  create   a
       personalized  configuration  file  in  $HOME/.orpierc, and select bindings that match your
       usage patterns. The recommended procedure is to ``include'' the orpierc file provided with
       Orpie (see INCLUDING OTHER RCFILES), and add or remove settings as desired.

ORPIERC SYNTAX

You may notice that the orpierc syntax is similar to the syntax used in the configuration
file for the Mutt email client (muttrc).

Within the orpierc file, strings should be enclosed in double quotes ("). A double quote
character inside a string may be represented by \" . The backslash character must be
represented by doubling it (\\).

INCLUDING OTHER RCFILES
Syntax: include filename_string
This syntax can be used to include one run-configuration file within another. This
command could be used to load the default orpierc file (probably found in /etc/orpierc)
within your personalized rcfile,
{/.orpierc}. The filename string should be enclosed in quotes.

SETTING CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
Syntax: set variable=value_string
Several configuration variables can be set using this syntax; check the CONFIGURATION
VARIABLES description to see a list. The variables are unquoted, but the values should be
quoted strings.

CREATING KEY BINDINGS
Syntax: bind key_identifier operation
This command will bind a keypress to execute a calculator operation. The various
operations, which should not be enclosed in quotes, may be found in the section on
CALCULATOR OPERATIONS. Key identifiers may be specified by strings that represent a
single keypress, for example "m" (quotes included). The key may be prefixed with "\\C" or
"\\M" to represent Control or Meta (Alt) modifiers, respectively; note that the backslash
must be doubled. A number of special keys lack single-character representations, so the
following strings may be used to represent them:

* "<esc>"

* "<tab>"

* "<enter>"

* "<return>"

* "<insert>"

* "<home>"

* "<end>"

* "<pageup>"

* "<pagedown>"

* "<space>"

* "<left>"

* "<right>"

* "<up>"

* "<down>"

* "<f1>" to "<f12>"

Due to differences between various terminal emulators, this key identifier syntax may not
be adequate to describe every keypress. As a workaround, Orpie will also accept key
identifiers in octal notation. As an example, you could use \024 (do not enclose it in
quotes) to represent Ctrl-T.

Orpie includes a secondary executable, orpie-curses-keys, that prints out the key
identifiers associated with keypresses. You may find it useful when customizing orpierc.

Multiple keys may be bound to the same operation, if desired.

REMOVING KEY BINDINGS
Syntax:
unbind_function key_identifier
unbind_command key_identifier
unbind_edit key_identifier
unbind_browse key_identifier
unbind_abbrev key_identifier
unbind_variable key_identifier
unbind_integer key_identifier
These commands will remove key bindings associated with the various entry modes
(functions, commands, editing operations, etc.). The key identifiers should be defined
using the syntax described in the previous section.

CREATING KEY AUTO-BINDINGS
Syntax: autobind key_identifier
In order to make repetitive calculations more pleasant, Orpie offers an automatic key
binding feature. When a function or command is executed using its abbreviation, one of the
keys selected by the autobind syntax will be automatically bound to that operation (unless
the operation has already been bound to a key). The current set of autobindings can be
viewed in the help panel by executing command_cycle_help (bound to 'h' by default).

The syntax for the key identifiers is provided in the previous section.

CREATING OPERATION ABBREVIATIONS
Syntax: abbrev operation_abbreviation operation
You can use this syntax to set the abbreviations used within Orpie to represent the
various functions and commands. A list of available operations may be found in the
CALCULATOR OPERATIONS section. The operation abbreviations should be quoted strings, for
example "sin" or "log".

Orpie performs autocompletion on these abbreviations, allowing you to type usually just a
few letters in order to select the desired command. The order of the autocompletion
matches will be the same as the order in which the abbreviations are registered by the
rcfile--so you may wish to place the more commonly used operation abbreviations earlier in
the list.

Multiple abbreviations may be bound to the same operation, if desired.

REMOVING OPERATION ABBREVIATIONS
Syntax: unabbrev operation_abbreviation
This syntax can be used to remove an operation abbreviation. The operation abbreviations
should be quoted strings, as described in the previous section.

CREATING MACROS
Syntax: macro key_identifier macro_string
You can use this syntax to cause a single keypress (the key_identifier) to be interpreted
as the series of keypresses listed in macro_string. The syntax for defining a keypress is
the same as that defined in the section on CREATING KEY BINDINGS. The macro string should
be a list of whitespace-separated keypresses, e.g. "2 <return> 2 +" (including quotes).

This macro syntax provides a way to create small programs; by way of example, the default
orpierc file includes macros for the base 2 logarithm and the binary entropy function
(bound to L and H, respectively), as well as ``register'' variable shortcuts (<f1> to
<f12>).

Macros may call other macros recursively. However, take care that a macro does not call
itself recursively; Orpie will not trap the infinite loop.

Note that operation abbreviations may be accessed within macros. For example, macro "A" "'
a b o u t <return>" would bind A to display the ``about Orpie'' screen.

CREATING UNITS
Syntax:
base_unit unit_symbol preferred_prefix
unit unit_symbol unit_definition
Units are defined in a two-step process:

1. Define a set of orthogonal ``base units.'' All other units must be expressible in
terms of these base units. The base units can be given a preferred SI prefix, which
will be used whenever the units are standardized (e.g. via ustand). The unit
symbols and preferred prefixes should all be quoted strings; to prefer no prefix,
use the empty string ("").

It is expected that most users will use the fundamental SI units for base units.

2. Define all other units in terms of either base units or previously-defined units.
Again, the unit symbol and unit definition should be quoted strings. The definition
should take the form of a numeric value followed by a units string, e.g.
"2.5_kN*m/s". See the UNITS FORMATTING section for more details on the unit string
format.

CREATING CONSTANTS
Syntax: constant constant_symbol constant_definition
This syntax can be used to define a physical constant. Both the constant symbol and
definition must be quoted strings. The constant definition should be a numeric constant
followed by a units string e.g. "1.60217733e-19_C". All units used in the constant
definition must already have been defined.

CONFIGURATION VARIABLES

       The following configuration variables may be set as described in the SETTING CONFIGURATION
       VARIABLES section.

       *      datadir
              This variable should be set to the full path of the  Orpie  data  directory,  which
              will  contain  the calculator state save file, temporary buffers, etc.  The default
              directory is "\~/.orpie/".

       *      editor
              This variable may be set to the fullscreen editor of your choice. The default value
              is  "vi".  It  is  recommended  that  you  choose  an editor that offers horizontal
              scrolling in place of word wrapping, so that the columns of large matrices  can  be
              properly  aligned.  (The Vim editor could be used in this fashion by setting editor
              to "vim -c 'set nowrap'".)

       *      hide_help
              Set this variable to "true" to hide the left help/status panel, or leave it on  the
              default of "false" to display the help panel.

       *      conserve_memory
              Set this variable to "true" to minimize memory usage, or leave it on the default of
              "false" to improve rendering performance. (By default, Orpie caches multiple string
              representations  of  all  stack elements. Very large integers in particular require
              significant computation for string representation, so  caching  these  strings  can
              make display updates much faster.)

CALCULATOR OPERATIONS

Every calculator operation can be made available to the interface using the syntax
described in the sections on CREATING KEY BINDINGS and CREATING OPERATION ABBREVIATIONS.
The following is a list of every available operation.

FUNCTIONS
The following operations are functions--that is, they will consume at least one argument
from the stack. Orpie will generally abort the computation and provide an informative
error message if a function cannot be successfully applied (for example, if you try to
compute the transpose of something that is not a matrix).

For the exact integer data type, basic arithmetic operations will yield an exact integer
result. Division of two exact integers will yield the quotient of the division. The more
complicated functions will generally promote the integer to a real number, and as such the
arithmetic will no longer be exact.

* function_10_x
Raise 10 to the power of the last stack element (inverse of function_log10).

* function_abs
Compute the absolute value of the last stack element.

* function_acos
Compute the inverse cosine of the last stack element. For real numbers, The result
will be provided either in degrees or radians, depending on the angle mode of the
calculator.

* function_acosh
Compute the inverse hyperbolic cosine of the last stack element.

* function_add
Add last two stack elements.

* function_arg
Compute the argument (phase angle of complex number) of the last stack element. The
value will be provided in either degrees or radians, depending on the current angle
mode of the calculator.

* function_asin
Compute the inverse sine of the last stack element. For real numbers, The result
will be provided either in degrees or radians, depending on the angle mode of the
calculator.

* function_asinh
Compute the inverse hyperbolic sine of the last stack element.

* function_atan
Compute the inverse tangent of the last stack element. For real numbers, The result
will be provided either in degrees or radians, depending on the angle mode of the
calculator.

* function_atanh
Compute the inverse hyperbolic tangent of the last stack element.

* function_binomial_coeff
Compute the binomial coefficient (``n choose k'') formed by the last two stack
elements. If these arguments are real, the coefficient is computed using a fast
approximation to the log of the gamma function, and therefore the result is subject
to rounding errors. For exact integer arguments, the coefficient is computed using
exact arithmetic; this has the potential to be a slow operation.

* function_ceiling
Compute the ceiling of the last stack element.

* function_convert_units
Convert stack element 2 to an equivalent expression in the units of element 1.
Element 1 should be real-valued, and its magnitude will be ignored when computing
the conversion.

* function_cos
Compute the cosine of the last stack element. If the argument is real, it will be
assumed to be either degrees or radians, depending on the angle mode of the
calculator.

* function_cosh
Compute the hyperbolic cosine of the last stack element.

* function_conj
Compute the complex conjugate of the last stack element.

* function_div
Divide element 2 by element 1.

* function_erf
Compute the error function of the last stack element.

* function_erfc
Compute the complementary error function of the last stack element.

* function_eval
Obtain the contents of the variable in the last stack position.

* function_exp
Evaluate the exponential function of the last stack element.

* function_factorial
Compute the factorial of the last stack element. For a real argument, this is
computed using a fast approximation to the gamma function, and therefore the result
may be subject to rounding errors (or overflow). For an exact integer argument, the
factorial is computed using exact arithmetic; this has the potential to be a slow
operation.

* function_floor
Compute the floor of the last stack element.

* function_gamma
Compute the Euler gamma function of the last stack element.

* function_gcd
Compute the greatest common divisor of the last two stack elements. This operation
may be applied only to integer type data.

* function_im
Compute the imaginary part of the last stack element.

* function_inv
Compute the multiplicative inverse of the last stack element.

* function_lcm
Compute the least common multiple of the last two stack elements. This operation
may be applied only to integer type data.

* function_ln
Compute the natural logarithm of the last stack element.

* function_lngamma
Compute the natural logarithm of the Euler gamma function of the last stack
element.

* function_log10
Compute the base-10 logarithm of the last stack element.

* function_maximum
Find the maximum values of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a
1xM matrix as a result.

* function_minimum
Find the minimum values of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a
1xM matrix as a result.

* function_mean
Compute the sample means of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a
1xM matrix as a result.

* function_mod
Compute element 2 mod element 1. This operation can be applied only to integer type
data.

* function_mult
Multiply last two stack elements.

* function_neg
Negate last stack element.

* function_permutation
Compute the permutation coefficient determined by the last two stack elements 'n'
and 'k': the number of ways of obtaining an ordered subset of k elements from a set
of n elements. If these arguments are real, the coefficient is computed using a
fast approximation to the log of the gamma function, and therefore the result is
subject to rounding errors. For exact integer arguments, the coefficient is
computed using exact arithmetic; this has the potential to be a slow operation.

* function_pow
Raise element 2 to the power of element 1.

* function_purge
Delete the variable in the last stack position.

* function_re
Compute the real part of the last stack element.

* function_sin
Compute the sine of the last stack element. If the argument is real, it will be
assumed to be either degrees or radians, depending on the angle mode of the
calculator.

* function_sinh
Compute the hyperbolic sine of the last stack element.

* function_solve_linear
Solve a linear system of the form Ax = b, where A and b are the last two elements
on the stack. A must be a square matrix and b must be a matrix with one column.
This function does not compute inv(A), but obtains the solution by a more efficient
LU decomposition method. This function is recommended over explicitly computing
the inverse, especially when solving linear systems with relatively large dimension
or with poorly conditioned matrices.

* function_sq
Square the last stack element.

* function_sqrt
Compute the square root of the last stack element.

* function_standardize_units
Convert the last stack element to an equivalent expression using the SI standard
base units (kg, m, s, etc.).

* function_stdev_unbiased
Compute the unbiased sample standard deviation of each of the columns of a real NxM
matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result. (Compare to HP48's sdev function.)

* function_stdev_biased
Compute the biased (population) sample standard deviation of each of the columns of
a real NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result. (Compare to HP48's psdev
function.)

* function_store
Store element 2 in (variable) element 1.

* function_sub
Subtract element 1 from element 2.

* function_sumsq
Sum the squares of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix
as a result.

* function_tan
Compute the tangent of the last stack element. If the argument is real, it will be
assumed to be either degrees or radians, depending on the angle mode of the
calculator.

* function_tanh
Compute the hyperbolic tangent of the last stack element.

* function_to_int
Convert a real number to an integer type.

* function_to_real
Convert an integer type to a real number.

* function_total
Sum each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result.

* function_trace
Compute the trace of a square matrix.

* function_transpose
Compute the matrix transpose of the last stack element.

* function_unit_value
Drop the units of the last stack element.

* function_utpn
Compute the upper tail probability of a normal distribution.
UTPN(m, v, x) = Integrate[ 1/Sqrt[2 Pi v] Exp[-(m-y)^2/(2 v)], {y, x, Infinity}]

* function_var_unbiased
Compute the unbiased sample variance of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix,
returning a 1xM matrix as a result. (Compare to HP48's var function.)

* function_var_biased
Compute the biased (population) sample variance of each of the columns of a real
NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result. (Compare to HP48's pvar function.)

COMMANDS
The following operations are referred to as commands; they differ from functions because
they do not take an argument. Many calculator interface settings are implemented as
commands.

* command_about
Display a nifty ``about Orpie'' credits screen.

* command_begin_abbrev
Begin entry of an operation abbreviation.

* command_begin_browsing
Enter stack browsing mode.

* command_begin_constant
Begin entry of a physical constant.

* command_begin_variable
Begin entry of a variable name.

* command_bin
Set the base of exact integer representation to 2 (binary).

* command_clear
Clear all elements from the stack.

* command_cycle_base
Cycle the base of exact integer representation between 2, 8, 10, and 16 (bin, oct,
dec, and hex).

* command_cycle_help
Cycle through multiple help pages. The first page displays commonly used bindings,
and the second page displays the current autobindings.

* command_dec
Set the base of exact integer representation to 10 (decimal).

* command_deg
Set the angle mode to degrees.

* command_drop
Drop the last element off the stack.

* command_dup
Duplicate the last stack element.

* command_enter_pi
Enter 3.1415... on the stack.

* command_hex
Set the base of exact integer representation to 16 (hexadecimal).

* command_oct
Set the base of exact integer representation to 8 (octal).

* command_polar
Set the complex display mode to polar.

* command_rad
Set the angle mode to radians.

* command_rand
Generate a random real-valued number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive). The
deviates are uniformly distributed.

* command_rect
Set the complex display mode to rectangular (cartesian).

* command_refresh
Refresh the display.

* command_swap
Swap stack elements 1 and 2.

* command_quit
Quit Orpie.

* command_toggle_angle_mode
Toggle the angle mode between degrees and radians.

* command_toggle_complex_mode
Toggle the complex display mode between rectangular and polar.

* command_undo
Undo the last calculator operation.

* command_view
View the last stack element in an external fullscreen editor.

* command_edit_input
Create a new stack element using an external editor.

EDIT OPERATIONS
The following operations are related to editing during data entry. These commands cannot
be made available as operation abbreviations, since abbreviations are not accessible while
entering data. These operations should be made available as single keypresses using the
bind keyword.

* edit_angle
Begin entering the phase angle of a complex number. (Orpie will assume the angle is
in either degrees or radians, depending on the current angle mode.)

* edit_backspace
Delete the last character entered.

* edit_begin_integer
Begin entering an exact integer.

* edit_begin_units
Begin appending units to a numeric expression.

* edit_complex
Begin entering a complex number.

* edit_enter
Enter the data that is currently being edited.

* edit_matrix
Begin entering a matrix, or begin entering the next row of a matrix.

* edit_minus
Enter a minus sign in input.

* edit_scientific_notation_base
Begin entering the scientific notation exponent of a real number, or the base of an
exact integer.

* edit_separator
Begin editing the next element of a complex number or matrix. (This will insert a
comma between elements.)

BROWSING OPERATIONS
The following list of operations is available only in stack browsing mode. As
abbreviations are unavailable while browsing the stack, these operations should be bound
to single keypresses using the bind keyword.

* browse_echo
Echo the currently selected element to stack level 1.

* browse_end
Exit stack browsing mode.

* browse_drop
Drop the currently selected stack element.

* browse_dropn
Drop all stack elements below the current selection (inclusive).

* browse_keep
Drop all stack elements except the current selection. (This is complementary to
browse_drop.

* browse_keepn
Drop all stack elements above the current selection (non-inclusive). (This is
complementary to browse_dropn.

* browse_next_line
Move the selection cursor down one line.

* browse_prev_line
Move the selection cursor up one line.

* browse_rolldown
Cyclically ``roll'' stack elements downward, below the selected element
(inclusive).

* browse_rollup
Cyclically ``roll'' stack elements upward, below the selected element (inclusive) .

* browse_scroll_left
Scroll the selected element to the left (for viewing very large entries such as
matrices).

* browse_scroll_right
Scroll the selected element to the right.

* browse_view
View the currently selected stack element in a fullscreen editor.

* browse_edit
Edit the currently selected stack element using an external editor.

ABBREVIATION ENTRY OPERATIONS
The following list of operations is available only while entering a function or command
abbreviation, or while entering a physical constant. These operations must be bound to
single keypresses using the bind keyword.

* abbrev_backspace
Delete a character from the abbreviation string.

* abbrev_enter
Execute the operation associated with the selected abbreviation.

* abbrev_exit
Cancel abbreviation entry.

VARIABLE ENTRY OPERATIONS
The following list of operations is available only while entering a variable name. As
abbreviations are unavailable while entering variables, these operations should be bound
to single keypresses using the bind keyword.

* variable_backspace
Delete a character from the variable name.

* variable_cancel
Cancel entry of the variable name.

* variable_complete
Autocomplete the variable name.

* variable_enter
Enter the variable name on the stack.

INTEGER ENTRY OPERATIONS
The following operation is available only while entering an integer; it can be made
accessible by binding it to a single keypress using the bind keyword.

* integer_cancel
Cancel entry of an integer.

AUTHOR