Provided by: sgt-puzzles_20170606.272beef-1ubuntu1_amd64 
NAME
sgt-blackbox - Ball-finding puzzle
SYNOPSIS
sgt-blackbox [--generate n] [--print wxh [--with-solutions] [--scale n] [--colour]] [game-
parameters|game-ID|random-seed]
sgt-blackbox --version
DESCRIPTION
A number of balls are hidden in a rectangular arena. You have to deduce the positions of the balls by
firing lasers positioned at the edges of the arena and observing how their beams are deflected.
Beams will travel straight from their origin until they hit the opposite side of the arena (at which
point they emerge), unless affected by balls in one of the following ways:
• A beam that hits a ball head-on is absorbed and will never re-emerge. This includes beams that
meet a ball on the first rank of the arena.
• A beam with a ball in its front-left square and no ball ahead of it gets deflected 90 degrees to
the right.
• A beam with a ball in its front-right square and no ball ahead of it gets similarly deflected to
the left.
• A beam that would re-emerge from its entry location is considered to be ‘reflected’.
• A beam which would get deflected before entering the arena by a ball to the front-left or front-
right of its entry point is also considered to be ‘reflected’.
Beams that are reflected appear as a ‘R’; beams that hit balls head-on appear as ‘H’. Otherwise, a number
appears at the firing point and the location where the beam emerges (this number is unique to that shot).
You can place guesses as to the location of the balls, based on the entry and exit patterns of the beams;
once you have placed enough balls a button appears enabling you to have your guesses checked.
Here is a diagram showing how the positions of balls can create each of the beam behaviours shown above:
1RHR----
|..O.O...|
2........3
|........|
|........|
3........|
|......O.|
H........|
|.....O..|
12-RR---
As shown, it is possible for a beam to receive multiple reflections before re-emerging (see turn 3).
Similarly, a beam may be reflected (possibly more than once) before receiving a hit (the ‘H’ on the left
side of the example).
Note that any layout with more than 4 balls may have a non-unique solution. The following diagram
illustrates this; if you know the board contains 5 balls, it is impossible to determine where the fifth
ball is (possible positions marked with an x):
--------
|........|
|........|
|..O..O..|
|...xx...|
|...xx...|
|..O..O..|
|........|
|........|
--------
For this reason, when you have your guesses checked, the game will check that your solution produces the
same results as the computer's, rather than that your solution is identical to the computer's. So in the
above example, you could put the fifth ball at any of the locations marked with an x, and you would still
win.
Black Box was contributed to this collection by James Harvey.
Black Box controls
To fire a laser beam, left-click in a square around the edge of the arena. The results will be displayed
immediately. Clicking or holding the left button on one of these squares will highlight the current go
(or a previous go) to confirm the exit point for that laser, if applicable.
To guess the location of a ball, left-click within the arena and a black circle will appear marking the
guess; click again to remove the guessed ball.
Locations in the arena may be locked against modification by right-clicking; whole rows and columns may
be similarly locked by right-clicking in the laser square above/below that column, or to the left/right
of that row.
The cursor keys may also be used to move around the grid. Pressing the Enter key will fire a laser or add
a new ball-location guess, and pressing Space will lock a cell, row, or column.
When an appropriate number of balls have been guessed, a button will appear at the top-left corner of the
grid; clicking that (with mouse or cursor) will check your guesses.
If you click the ‘check’ button and your guesses are not correct, the game will show you the minimum
information necessary to demonstrate this to you, so you can try again. If your ball positions are not
consistent with the beam paths you already know about, one beam path will be circled to indicate that it
proves you wrong. If your positions match all the existing beam paths but are still wrong, one new beam
path will be revealed (written in red) which is not consistent with your current guesses.
If you decide to give up completely, you can select Solve to reveal the actual ball positions. At this
point, correctly-placed balls will be displayed as filled black circles, incorrectly-placed balls as
filled black circles with red crosses, and missing balls as filled red circles. In addition, a red circle
marks any laser you had already fired which is not consistent with your ball layout (just as when you
press the ‘check’ button), and red text marks any laser you could have fired in order to distinguish your
ball layout from the correct one.
(All the actions described below are also available.)
Black Box parameters
These parameters are available from the ‘Custom...’ option on the ‘Type’ menu.
Width, Height
Size of grid in squares. There are 2 × Width × Height lasers per grid, two per row and two per
column.
No. of balls
Number of balls to place in the grid. This can be a single number, or a range (separated with a
hyphen, like ‘2-6’), and determines the number of balls to place on the grid. The ‘reveal’ button
is only enabled if you have guessed an appropriate number of balls; a guess using a different
number to the original solution is still acceptable, if all the beam inputs and outputs match.
Common actions
These actions are all available from the ‘Game’ menu and via keyboard shortcuts, in addition to any game-
specific actions.
(On Mac OS X, to conform with local user interface standards, these actions are situated on the ‘File’
and ‘Edit’ menus instead.)
New game (‘N’, Ctrl+‘N’)
Starts a new game, with a random initial state.
Restart game
Resets the current game to its initial state. (This can be undone.)
Load Loads a saved game from a file on disk.
Save Saves the current state of your game to a file on disk.
The Load and Save operations preserve your entire game history (so you can save, reload, and still
Undo and Redo things you had done before saving).
Print Where supported (currently only on Windows), brings up a dialog allowing you to print an arbitrary
number of puzzles randomly generated from the current parameters, optionally including the current
puzzle. (Only for puzzles which make sense to print, of course – it's hard to think of a sensible
printable representation of Fifteen!)
Undo (‘U’, Ctrl+‘Z’, Ctrl+‘_’)
Undoes a single move. (You can undo moves back to the start of the session.)
Redo (‘R’, Ctrl+‘R’)
Redoes a previously undone move.
Copy Copies the current state of your game to the clipboard in text format, so that you can paste it
into (say) an e-mail client or a web message board if you're discussing the game with someone
else. (Not all games support this feature.)
Solve Transforms the puzzle instantly into its solved state. For some games (Cube) this feature is not
supported at all because it is of no particular use. For other games (such as Pattern), the solved
state can be used to give you information, if you can't see how a solution can exist at all or you
want to know where you made a mistake. For still other games (such as Sixteen), automatic solution
tells you nothing about how to get to the solution, but it does provide a useful way to get there
quickly so that you can experiment with set-piece moves and transformations.
Some games (such as Solo) are capable of solving a game ID you have typed in from elsewhere. Other
games (such as Rectangles) cannot solve a game ID they didn't invent themself, but when they did
invent the game ID they know what the solution is already. Still other games (Pattern) can solve
some external game IDs, but only if they aren't too difficult.
The ‘Solve’ command adds the solved state to the end of the undo chain for the puzzle. In other
words, if you want to go back to solving it yourself after seeing the answer, you can just press
Undo.
Quit (‘Q’, Ctrl+‘Q’)
Closes the application entirely.
Specifying games with the game ID
There are two ways to save a game specification out of a puzzle and recreate it later, or recreate it in
somebody else's copy of the same puzzle.
The ‘Specific’ and ‘Random Seed’ options from the ‘Game’ menu (or the ‘File’ menu, on Mac OS X) each show
a piece of text (a ‘game ID’) which is sufficient to reconstruct precisely the same game at a later date.
You can enter either of these pieces of text back into the program (via the same ‘Specific’ or ‘Random
Seed’ menu options) at a later point, and it will recreate the same game. You can also use either one as
a command line argument (on Windows or Unix); see below for more detail.
The difference between the two forms is that a descriptive game ID is a literal description of the
initial state of the game, whereas a random seed is just a piece of arbitrary text which was provided as
input to the random number generator used to create the puzzle. This means that:
• Descriptive game IDs tend to be longer in many puzzles (although some, such as Cube (sgt-cube(6)),
only need very short descriptions). So a random seed is often a quicker way to note down the
puzzle you're currently playing, or to tell it to somebody else so they can play the same one as
you.
• Any text at all is a valid random seed. The automatically generated ones are fifteen-digit
numbers, but anything will do; you can type in your full name, or a word you just made up, and a
valid puzzle will be generated from it. This provides a way for two or more people to race to
complete the same puzzle: you think of a random seed, then everybody types it in at the same time,
and nobody has an advantage due to having seen the generated puzzle before anybody else.
• It is often possible to convert puzzles from other sources (such as ‘nonograms’ or ‘sudoku’ from
newspapers) into descriptive game IDs suitable for use with these programs.
• Random seeds are not guaranteed to produce the same result if you use them with a different
version of the puzzle program. This is because the generation algorithm might have been improved
or modified in later versions of the code, and will therefore produce a different result when
given the same sequence of random numbers. Use a descriptive game ID if you aren't sure that it
will be used on the same version of the program as yours.
(Use the ‘About’ menu option to find out the version number of the program. Programs with the same
version number running on different platforms should still be random-seed compatible.)
A descriptive game ID starts with a piece of text which encodes the parameters of the current game (such
as grid size). Then there is a colon, and after that is the description of the game's initial state. A
random seed starts with a similar string of parameters, but then it contains a hash sign followed by
arbitrary data.
If you enter a descriptive game ID, the program will not be able to show you the random seed which
generated it, since it wasn't generated from a random seed. If you enter a random seed, however, the
program will be able to show you the descriptive game ID derived from that random seed.
Note that the game parameter strings are not always identical between the two forms. For some games,
there will be parameter data provided with the random seed which is not included in the descriptive game
ID. This is because that parameter information is only relevant when generating puzzle grids, and is not
important when playing them. Thus, for example, the difficulty level in Solo (sgt-solo(6)) is not
mentioned in the descriptive game ID.
These additional parameters are also not set permanently if you type in a game ID. For example, suppose
you have Solo set to ‘Advanced’ difficulty level, and then a friend wants your help with a ‘Trivial’
puzzle; so the friend reads out a random seed specifying ‘Trivial’ difficulty, and you type it in. The
program will generate you the same ‘Trivial’ grid which your friend was having trouble with, but once you
have finished playing it, when you ask for a new game it will automatically go back to the ‘Advanced’
difficulty which it was previously set on.
The ‘Type’ menu
The ‘Type’ menu, if present, may contain a list of preset game settings. Selecting one of these will
start a new random game with the parameters specified.
The ‘Type’ menu may also contain a ‘Custom’ option which allows you to fine-tune game parameters. The
parameters available are specific to each game and are described in the following sections.
Specifying game parameters on the command line
(This section does not apply to the Mac OS X version.)
The games in this collection deliberately do not ever save information on to the computer they run on:
they have no high score tables and no saved preferences. (This is because I expect at least some people
to play them at work, and those people will probably appreciate leaving as little evidence as possible!)
However, if you do want to arrange for one of these games to default to a particular set of parameters,
you can specify them on the command line.
The easiest way to do this is to set up the parameters you want using the ‘Type’ menu (see above), and
then to select ‘Random Seed’ from the ‘Game’ or ‘File’ menu (see above). The text in the ‘Game ID’ box
will be composed of two parts, separated by a hash. The first of these parts represents the game
parameters (the size of the playing area, for example, and anything else you set using the ‘Type’ menu).
If you run the game with just that parameter text on the command line, it will start up with the settings
you specified.
For example: if you run Cube (see sgt-cube(6)), select ‘Octahedron’ from the ‘Type’ menu, and then go to
the game ID selection, you will see a string of the form ‘o2x2#338686542711620’. Take only the part
before the hash (‘o2x2’), and start Cube with that text on the command line: ‘sgt-cube o2x2’.
If you copy the entire game ID on to the command line, the game will start up in the specific game that
was described. This is occasionally a more convenient way to start a particular game ID than by pasting
it into the game ID selection box.
(You could also retrieve the encoded game parameters using the ‘Specific’ menu option instead of ‘Random
Seed’, but if you do then some options, such as the difficulty level in Solo, will be missing. See above
for more details on this.)
Unix command-line options
(This section only applies to the Unix port.)
In addition to being able to specify game parameters on the command line (see above), there are various
other options:
--game
--load These options respectively determine whether the command-line argument is treated as specifying
game parameters or a save file to load. Only one should be specified. If neither of these options
is specified, a guess is made based on the format of the argument.
--generate n
If this option is specified, instead of a puzzle being displayed, a number of descriptive game IDs
will be invented and printed on standard output. This is useful for gaining access to the game
generation algorithms without necessarily using the frontend.
If game parameters are specified on the command-line, they will be used to generate the game IDs;
otherwise a default set of parameters will be used.
The most common use of this option is in conjunction with --print, in which case its behaviour is
slightly different; see below.
--print wxh
If this option is specified, instead of a puzzle being displayed, a printed representation of one
or more unsolved puzzles is sent to standard output, in PostScript format.
On each page of puzzles, there will be w across and h down. If there are more puzzles than w×h,
more than one page will be printed.
If --generate has also been specified, the invented game IDs will be used to generate the printed
output. Otherwise, a list of game IDs is expected on standard input (which can be descriptive or
random seeds; see above), in the same format produced by --generate.
For example:
sgt-net --generate 12 --print 2x3 7x7w | lpr
will generate two pages of printed Net puzzles (each of which will have a 7×7 wrapping grid), and
pipe the output to the lpr command, which on many systems will send them to an actual printer.
There are various other options which affect printing; see below.
--save file-prefix [ --save-suffix file-suffix ]
If this option is specified, instead of a puzzle being displayed, saved-game files for one or more
unsolved puzzles are written to files constructed from the supplied prefix and/or suffix.
If --generate has also been specified, the invented game IDs will be used to generate the printed
output. Otherwise, a list of game IDs is expected on standard input (which can be descriptive or
random seeds; see above), in the same format produced by --generate.
For example:
sgt-net --generate 12 --save game --save-suffix .sav
will generate twelve Net saved-game files with the names game0.sav to game11.sav.
--version
Prints version information about the game, and then quits.
The following options are only meaningful if --print is also specified:
--with-solutions
The set of pages filled with unsolved puzzles will be followed by the solutions to those puzzles.
--scale n
Adjusts how big each puzzle is when printed. Larger numbers make puzzles bigger; the default is
1.0.
--colour
Puzzles will be printed in colour, rather than in black and white (if supported by the puzzle).
SEE ALSO
Full documentation in /usr/share/doc/sgt-puzzles/puzzles.txt.gz.