NAME

       ip-netns - process network namespace management

SYNOPSIS

       ip [ OPTIONS ] netns  { COMMAND | help }

       ip netns [ list ]

       ip netns add NETNSNAME

       ip [-all] netns del [ NETNSNAME ]

       ip netns set NETNSNAME NETNSID

       ip netns identify [ PID ]

       ip netns pids NETNSNAME

       ip [-all] netns exec [ NETNSNAME ] command...

       ip netns monitor

       ip netns list-id

DESCRIPTION

       A network namespace is logically another copy of the network stack, with its own routes, firewall rules,
       and network devices.

       By default a process inherits its network namespace from its parent. Initially all the processes share
       the same default network namespace from the init process.

       By convention a named network namespace is an object at /var/run/netns/NAME that can be opened. The file
       descriptor resulting from opening /var/run/netns/NAME refers to the specified network namespace. Holding
       that file descriptor open keeps the network namespace alive. The file descriptor can be used with the
       setns(2) system call to change the network namespace associated with a task.

       For applications that are aware of network namespaces, the convention is to look for global network
       configuration files first in /etc/netns/NAME/ then in /etc/.  For example, if you want a different
       version of /etc/resolv.conf for a network namespace used to isolate your vpn you would name it
       /etc/netns/myvpn/resolv.conf.

       ip netns exec automates handling of this configuration, file convention for network namespace unaware
       applications, by creating a mount namespace and bind mounting all of the per network namespace configure
       files into their traditional location in /etc.

       ip netns list - show all of the named network namespaces

              This command displays all of the network namespaces in /var/run/netns

       ip netns add NAME - create a new named network namespace

              If NAME is available in /var/run/netns/ this command creates a new network namespace and assigns
              NAME.

       ip [-all] netns delete [ NAME ] - delete the name of a network namespace(s)

              If NAME is present in /var/run/netns it is umounted and the mount point is removed. If this is the
              last user of the network namespace the network namespace will be freed and all physical devices
              will be moved to the default one, otherwise the network namespace persists until it has no more
              users. ip netns delete may fail if the mount point is in use in another mount namespace.

              If -all option was specified then all the network namespace names will be removed.

              It is possible to lose the physical device when it was moved to netns and then this netns was
              deleted with a running process:

                 $ ip netns add net0
                 $ ip link set dev eth0 netns net0
                 $ ip netns exec net0 SOME_PROCESS_IN_BACKGROUND
                 $ ip netns del net0

              and eth0 will appear in the default netns only after SOME_PROCESS_IN_BACKGROUND will exit or will
              be killed. To prevent this the processes running in net0 should be killed before deleting the
              netns:

                 $ ip netns pids net0 | xargs kill
                 $ ip netns del net0

       ip netns set NAME NETNSID - assign an id to a peer network namespace

              This command assigns a id to a peer network namespace. This id is valid only in the current
              network namespace.  If the keyword "auto" is specified an available nsid will be chosen.  This id
              will be used by the kernel in some netlink messages. If no id is assigned when the kernel needs
              it, it will be automatically assigned by the kernel.  Once it is assigned, it's not possible to
              change it.

       ip netns identify [PID] - Report network namespaces names for process

              This command walks through /var/run/netns and finds all the network namespace names for network
              namespace of the specified process, if PID is not specified then the current process will be used.

       ip netns pids NAME - Report processes in the named network namespace

              This command walks through proc and finds all of the process who have the named network namespace
              as their primary network namespace.

       ip [-all] netns exec [ NAME ] cmd ... - Run cmd in the named network namespace

              This command allows applications that are network namespace unaware to be run in something other
              than the default network namespace with all of the configuration for the specified network
              namespace appearing in the customary global locations. A network namespace and bind mounts are
              used to move files from their network namespace specific location to their default locations
              without affecting other processes.

              If -all option was specified then cmd will be executed synchronously on the each named network
              namespace even if cmd fails on some of them. Network namespace name is printed on each cmd
              executing.

       ip netns monitor - Report as network namespace names are added and deleted

              This command watches network namespace name addition and deletion events and prints a line for
              each event it sees.

       ip netns list-id - list network namespace ids (nsid)

              Network namespace ids are used to identify a peer network namespace. This command displays nsid of
              the current network namespace and provides the corresponding iproute2 netns name (from
              /var/run/netns) if any.

EXAMPLES

       ip netns list
              Shows the list of current named network namespaces

       ip netns add vpn
              Creates a network namespace and names it vpn

       ip netns exec vpn ip link set lo up
              Bring up the loopback interface in the vpn network namespace.

SEE ALSO

       ip(8)

AUTHOR

       Original Manpage by Eric W. Biederman