Provided by: sg3-utils_1.42-2ubuntu1.18.04.2_amd64 
NAME
sg_verify - invoke SCSI VERIFY command(s) on a block device
SYNOPSIS
sg_verify [--16] [--bpc=BPC] [--count=COUNT] [--dpo] [--ebytchk=BCH] [--group=GN] [--help] [--in=IF]
[--lba=LBA] [--ndo=NDO] [--quiet] [--readonly] [--verbose] [--version] [--vrprotect=VRP] DEVICE
DESCRIPTION
Sends one or more SCSI VERIFY (10 or 16) commands to DEVICE. These SCSI commands are defined in the SBC-2
(draft) standard at http://www.t10.org and SBC-3 drafts.
When --ndo=NDO is not given then the verify starts at the logical block address given by the --lba=LBA
option and continues for --count=COUNT blocks. No more than --bpc=BPC blocks are verified by each VERIFY
command so if necessary multiple VERIFY commands are sent. Medium verification operations are performed
by the DEVICE (e.g. assuming each block has additional EEC data, check this against the logical block
contents). No news is good news (i.e. if there are no verify errors detected then no messages are sent to
stderr and the Unix exit status is 0).
When --ndo=NDO is given then the --bpc=BPC option is ignored. A single VERIFY command is issued and a
comparison starts at the logical block address given by the --lba=LBA option and continues for
--count=COUNT blocks. The VERIFY command has an associated data-out buffer that is NDO bytes long. The
contents of the data-out buffer are obtained from the FN file (if --in=FN is given) or from stdin. A
comparison takes place between data-out buffer and the logical blocks on the DEVICE. If the comparison is
good then no messages are sent to stderr and the Unix exit status is 0. If the comparison fails then a
sense buffer with a sense key of MISCOMPARE is returned; in this case the Unix exit status will be 14.
Messages will be sent to stderr associated with MISCOMPARE sense buffer unless the --quiet option is
given.
In SBC-3 revision 34 the BYTCHK field in all SCSI VERIFY commands was expanded from one to two bits. That
required some changes in the options of this utility, see the section below on OPTION CHANGES.
OPTIONS
Arguments to long options are mandatory for short options as well. The options are arranged in
alphabetical order based on the long option name.
-S, --16
uses a VERIFY(16) command (default VERIFY(10)). Even without this option, using an --lba=LBA which
is too large, will cause the utility to issue a VERIFY(16) command.
-b, --bpc=BPC
this option is ignored if --ndo=NDO is given. Otherwise BPC specifies the maximum number of blocks
that will be verified by a single SCSI VERIFY command. The default value is 128 blocks which
equates to 64 KB for a disk with 512 byte blocks. If BPC is less than COUNT then multiple SCSI
VERIFY commands are sent to the DEVICE. For the default VERIFY(10) BPC cannot exceed 0xffff
(65,535) while for VERIFY(16) BPC cannot exceed 0x7fffffff (2,147,483,647). For recent block
devices (disks) this value may be constrained by the maximum transfer length field in the block
limits VPD page.
-c, --count=COUNT
where COUNT specifies the number of blocks to verify. The default value is 1 . If COUNT is greater
than BPC (or its default value of 128) and NDO is not given, 0 or less then multiple SCSI VERIFY
commands are sent to the device. Otherwise COUNT becomes the contents of the verification length
field of the SCSI VERIFY command issued. The sg_readcap utility can be used to find the maximum
number of blocks that a block device (e.g. a disk) has.
-d, --dpo
disable page out changes the cache retention priority of blocks read on the device's cache to the
lowest priority. This means that blocks read by other commands are more likely to remain in the
device's cache.
-E, --ebytchk=BCH
sets the BYTCHK field to BCH overriding the value (1) set by the --ndo=NDO option. Values of 1, 2
or 3 are accepted for BCH however sbc3r34 reserves the value 2. If this option is given then
--ndo=NDO must also be given. If BCH is 3 then COUNT must be 1 and NDO should be the size of one
logical block (plus the size of some or all of the protection infomation if VRP is greater than
0).
-g, --group=GN
where GN becomes the contents of the group number field in the SCSI VERIFY(16) command. The
default value for GN is 0. Note that this option is ignored for the SCSI VERIFY(10) command.
-h, --help
output the usage message then exit.
-i, --in=IF
where IF is the name of a file from which NDO bytes will be read and placed in the data-out
buffer. This is only done when the --ndo=NDO option is given. If this option is not given then
stdin is read. If IF is "-" then stdin is also used.
-l, --lba=LBA
where LBA specifies the logical block address of the first block to start the verify operation.
LBA is assumed to be decimal unless prefixed by '0x' or a trailing 'h' (see below). The default
value is 0 (i.e. the start of the device).
-n, --ndo=NDO
NDO is the number of bytes to obtain from the FN file (if --in=FN is given) or from stdin. Those
bytes are placed in the data-out buffer associated with the SCSI VERIFY command and NDO is placed
in the verification length field in the cdb. The default value for NDO is 0 and the maximum value
is dependant on the OS. If the --ebytchk=BCH option is not given then the BYTCHK field in the cdb
is set to 1.
-q, --quiet
suppress the sense buffer messages associated with a MISCOMPARE sense key that would otherwise be
sent to stderr. Still set the exit status to 14 which is the sense key value indicating a
MISCOMPARE .
-r, --readonly
opens the DEVICE read-only rather than read-write which is the default. The Linux sg driver needs
read-write access for the SCSI VERIFY command but other access methods may require read-only
access.
-v, --verbose
increase the level of verbosity, (i.e. debug output).
-V, --version
print the version string and then exit.
-P, --vrprotect=VRP
where VRP is the value in the vrprotect field in the VERIFY command cdb. It must be a value
between 0 and 7 inclusive. The default value is zero.
BYTCHK
BYTCHK is the name of a field (two bits wide) in the VERIFY(10) and VERIFY(16) commands. When set to 1 or 3 (sbc3r34 reserves the value 2) it indicates that associated with the SCSI VERIFY command, a data-out buffer will be sent for the device (disk) to check. Using the --ndo=NDO option sets the BYTCHK field to 1 and NDO is the number of bytes placed in the data-out buffer. Those bytes are obtained from stdin or IF (from the --in=FN option). The --ebytchk=BCH option may be used to override the BYTCHK field value of 1 with BCH. The calculation of NDO is left up to the user. Its value depends on the logical block size (which can be found with the sg_readcap utility), the COUNT and the VRP values. If the VRP is greater than 0 then each logical block will contain an extra 8 bytes (at least) of protection information. When the BYTCHK field is 0 then the verification process done by the device (disk) is vendor specific. It typically involves checking each block on the disk against its error correction codes (ECC) which is additional data also held on the disk. Many Operating Systems put limits on the maximum size of the data-out (and data-in) buffer. For Linux at one time the limit was less than 1 MB but has been increased somewhat.
OPTION CHANGES
Earlier versions of this utility had a --bytchk=NDO option which set the BYTCHK bit and set the cdb
verification length field to NDO. The shorter form of that option was -B NDO. For backward compatibility
that option is still present but not documented. In its place is the --ndo=NDO whose shorter form of -n
NDO. --ndo=NDO sets the BYTCHK field to 1 unless that is overridden by the --ebytchk=BCH.
NOTES
Various numeric arguments (e.g. LBA) may include multiplicative suffixes or be given in hexadecimal. See
the "NUMERIC ARGUMENTS" section in the sg3_utils(8) man page.
The amount of error correction and the number of retries attempted before a block is considered defective
are controlled in part by the Verify Error Recovery mode page. A note in the SBC-3 draft (rev 29 section
6.4.9 on the Verify Error Recovery mode page) advises that to minimize the number of checks (and hence
have the most "sensitive" verify check) do the following in that mode page: set the EER bit to 0, the PER
bit to 1, the DTE bit to 1, the DCR bit to 1, the verify retry count to 0 and the verify recovery time
limit to 0. Mode pages can be modified with the sdparm utility.
The SCSI VERIFY(6) command defined in the SSC-2 standard and later (i.e. for tape drive systems) is not
supported by this utility.
EXIT STATUS
The exit status of sg_verify is 0 when it is successful. When BCH is other than 0 then a comparison takes
place and if it fails then the exit status is 14 which happens to be the sense key value of MISCOMPARE.
Otherwise see the EXIT STATUS section in the sg3_utils(8) man page.
Earlier versions of this utility set an exit status of 98 when there was a MISCOMPARE.
AUTHORS
Written by Douglas Gilbert.
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <dgilbert at interlog dot com>.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2004-2013 Douglas Gilbert
This software is distributed under a FreeBSD license. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
SEE ALSO
sdparm(sdparm), sg_modes(sg3_utils), sg_readcap(sg3_utils), sg_inq(sg3_utils)