Provided by: passwd_4.8.1-1ubuntu5.20.04.5_amd64 
NAME
usermod - verändert ein Benutzerkonto
ÜBERSICHT
usermod [Optionen] ANMELDENAME
BESCHREIBUNG
The usermod command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the
command line.
OPTIONEN
The options which apply to the usermod command are:
-a, --append
Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the -G option.
-b, --badnames
Allow names that do not conform to standards.
-c, --comment COMMENT
The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally modified using the chfn(1)
utility.
-d, --home HOME_DIR
das neue Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers
If the -m option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home
directory, which is created if it does not already exist.
-e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE
The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified in the format YYYY-MM-DD.
An empty EXPIRE_DATE argument will disable the expiration of the account.
This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none.
-f, --inactive INACTIVE
Die Anzahl von Tagen, nach denen ein Passwort abgelaufen ist, bis das Konto deaktiviert wird.
Ein Wert von 0 deaktiviert das Konto, sobald das Passwort abläuft. Ein Wert von -1 schaltet diese
Funktion ab.
This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none.
-g, --gid GROUP
Der Name oder die Zahl der anfänglichen Anmeldegruppe eines neuen Benutzers. Der Gruppenname muss
existieren.
Jede Datei im Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers, die der alten Hauptgruppe des Benutzers gehörte, wird
dieser neuen Gruppe gehören.
Die Gruppenzugehörigkeit von Dateien außerhalb des Home-Verzeichnisses des Benutzers muss per Hand
angepasst werden.
-G, --groups GROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]]
A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the
next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as
the group given with the -g option.
If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the
group. This behaviour can be changed via the -a option, which appends the user to the current
supplementary group list.
-l, --login NEW_LOGIN
The name of the user will be changed from LOGIN to NEW_LOGIN. Nothing else is changed. In particular,
the user's home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login
name.
-L, --lock
Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the
password. You can't use this option with -p or -U.
Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
EXPIRE_DATE to 1.
-m, --move-home
verschiebt den Inhalt des Home-Verzeichnisses eines Benutzers zu dem neuen Ziel
This option is only valid in combination with the -d (or --home) option.
usermod will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended
attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards.
-o, --non-unique
When used with the -u option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value.
-p, --password PASSWORD
The encrypted password, as returned by crypt(3).
Note: This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by
users listing the processes.
The password will be written in the local /etc/passwd or /etc/shadow file. This might differ from the
password database configured in your PAM configuration.
Sie sollten sicherstellen, dass das Passwort den Passwortrichtlinien des Systems entspricht.
-R, --root CHROOT_DIR
Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR
directory.
-P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR
Apply changes in the PREFIX_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the PREFIX_DIR
directory. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some
limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files.
No SELINUX support.
-s, --shell SHELL
Der Name der neuen Anmelde-Shell des Benutzers. Falls dieses Feld leer gelassen wird, verwendet das
System die Standard-Anmelde-Shell.
-u, --uid UID
der neue numerische Wert der UID des Benutzers
This value must be unique, unless the -o option is used. The value must be non-negative.
Für die Mailbox des Benutzers und alle Dateien, die ihm gehören und sich in seinem Home-Verzeichnis
befinden, wird die ID des Eigentümers automatisch angepasst.
Der Eigentümer von Dateien außerhalb des Home-Verzeichnisses des Benutzers muss per Hand angepasst
werden.
No checks will be performed with regard to the UID_MIN, UID_MAX, SYS_UID_MIN, or SYS_UID_MAX from
/etc/login.defs.
-U, --unlock
Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted password. You can't use this
option with -p or -L.
Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
EXPIRE_DATE (for example to 99999, or to the EXPIRE value from /etc/default/useradd).
-v, --add-subuids FIRST-LAST
Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account.
This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account.
No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, or SUB_UID_COUNT from
/etc/login.defs.
-V, --del-subuids FIRST-LAST
Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account.
This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account. When both
--del-subuids and --add-subuids are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens
before any subordinate uid range is added.
No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, or SUB_UID_COUNT from
/etc/login.defs.
-w, --add-subgids FIRST-LAST
Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account.
This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account.
No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, or SUB_GID_COUNT from
/etc/login.defs.
-W, --del-subgids FIRST-LAST
Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account.
This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account. When both
--del-subgids and --add-subgids are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens
before any subordinate gid range is added.
No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, or SUB_GID_COUNT from
/etc/login.defs.
-Z, --selinux-user SEUSER
der neue SELinux-Benutzer für den Anmeldenamen des Benutzers
A blank SEUSER will remove the SELinux user mapping for user LOGIN (if any).
WARNUNGEN
You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being
executed if the user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed.
usermod checks this on Linux. On other platforms it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in.
You must change the owner of any crontab files or at jobs manually.
Sie müssen alle Änderung in Bezug auf NIS auf dem NIS-Server vornehmen.
KONFIGURATION
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:
LASTLOG_UID_MAX (number)
Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated. As higher user IDs are
usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge
sparse lastlog file for them.
No LASTLOG_UID_MAX option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for
writing lastlog entries.
MAIL_DIR (string)
Das Verzeichnis des Mail-Spools. Diese Angabe wird benötigt, um die Mailbox zu bearbeiten, nachdem
das entsprechende Benutzerkonto verändert oder gelöscht wurde. Falls nicht angegeben, wird ein
Standard verwendet, der beim Kompilieren festgelegt wurde.
MAIL_FILE (string)
Legt den Ort der Mail-Spool-Dateien eines Benutzers relativ zu seinem Home-Verzeichnis fest.
The MAIL_DIR and MAIL_FILE variables are used by useradd, usermod, and userdel to create, move, or delete
the user's mail spool.
MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP (number)
Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
/etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID).
Der Standardwert ist 0, was zur Folge hat, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Gruppe nicht begrenzt
ist.
Diese Fähigkeit (der aufgeteilten Gruppe) ermöglicht es, die Zeilenlänge in der Gruppendatei zu
begrenzen. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Zeilen für NIS-Gruppen nicht länger als 1024
Zeichen sind.
Falls Sie eine solche Begrenzung benötigen, können Sie 25 verwenden.
Hinweis: Aufgeteilte Gruppen werden möglicherweise nicht von allen Werkzeugen unterstützt, selbst
nicht aus der Shadow-Werkzeugsammlung. Sie sollten diese Variable nur setzen, falls Sie zwingend
darauf angewiesen sind.
SUB_GID_MIN (number), SUB_GID_MAX (number), SUB_GID_COUNT (number)
If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have subordinate
group IDs) allocate SUB_GID_COUNT unused group IDs from the range SUB_GID_MIN to SUB_GID_MAX for each
new user.
The default values for SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, SUB_GID_COUNT are respectively 100000, 600100000 and
65536.
SUB_UID_MIN (number), SUB_UID_MAX (number), SUB_UID_COUNT (number)
If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have subordinate
user IDs) allocate SUB_UID_COUNT unused user IDs from the range SUB_UID_MIN to SUB_UID_MAX for each
new user.
The default values for SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, SUB_UID_COUNT are respectively 100000, 600100000 and
65536.
DATEIEN
/etc/group
Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
/etc/gshadow
sichere Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
/etc/login.defs
Konfiguration der Shadow-Passwort-Werkzeugsammlung
/etc/passwd
Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
/etc/shadow
verschlüsselte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
/etc/subgid
Per user subordinate group IDs.
/etc/subuid
Per user subordinate user IDs.
SIEHE AUCH
chfn(1), chsh(1), passwd(1), crypt(3), gpasswd(8), groupadd(8), groupdel(8), groupmod(8), login.defs(5),
subgid(5), subuid(5), useradd(8), userdel(8).
shadow-utils 4.8.1 06.02.2024 USERMOD(8)