Provided by: pax_20190825-1_amd64 
NAME
paxtar — tape archiver
SYNOPSIS
paxtar {crtux}[014578AabefHhJjLmNOoPpqsvwXZz] [blocking-factor | archive | replstr] [-C directory]
[-I file] [file ...]
paxtar {-crtux} [-014578AaeHhJjLmNOoPpqvwXZz] [-b blocking-factor] [-C directory] [-f archive] [-I file]
[-M flag] [-s replstr] [file ...]
DESCRIPTION
The paxtar command creates, adds files to, or extracts files from an archive file in “tar” format. A tar
archive is often stored on a magnetic tape, but can be stored equally well on a floppy, CD-ROM, or in a
regular disk file.
In the first (legacy) form, all option flags except for -C and -I must be contained within the first
argument to paxtar and must not be prefixed by a hyphen (‘-’). Option arguments, if any, are processed
as subsequent arguments to paxtar and are processed in the order in which their corresponding option
flags have been presented on the command line.
In the second and preferred form, option flags may be given in any order and are immediately followed by
their corresponding option argument values.
One of the following flags must be present:
-c Create new archive, or overwrite an existing archive, adding the specified files to it.
-r Append the named new files to existing archive. Note that this will only work on media on which
an end-of-file mark can be overwritten.
-t List contents of archive. If any files are named on the command line, only those files will be
listed. The file arguments may be specified as glob patterns (see glob(7) for more information),
in which case paxtar will list all archive members that match each pattern.
-u Alias for -r.
-x Extract files from archive. If any files are named on the command line, only those files will be
extracted from the archive. The file arguments may be specified as glob patterns (see glob(7)
for more information), in which case paxtar will extract all archive members that match each
pattern.
If more than one copy of a file exists in the archive, later copies will overwrite earlier copies
during extraction. The file mode and modification time are preserved if possible. The file mode
is subject to modification by the umask(2).
In addition to the flags mentioned above, any of the following flags may be used:
-A Write Unix Archiver libraries instead of tape archives.
-a Guess the compression utility based on the archive filename. Inability to guess will result in
quietly not using any compression. This option only exists for semi-compatibility with GNU tar;
it is strongly recommended to archive to stdout and pipe into an external compression utility
with appropriate arguments instead:
tar -cf - foo | xz -2e >foo.txz
-b blocking-factor
Set blocking factor to use for the archive. paxtar uses 512-byte blocks. The default is 20, the
maximum is 126. Archives with a blocking factor larger than 63 violate the POSIX standard and
will not be portable to all systems.
-C directory
This is a positional argument which sets the working directory for the following files. When
extracting, files will be extracted into the specified directory; when creating, the specified
files will be matched from the directory.
-e Stop after the first error.
-f archive
Filename where the archive is stored. Defaults to /dev/rst0. If set to hyphen (‘-’) standard
output is used. See also the TAPE environment variable.
-H Follow symlinks given on the command line only.
-h Follow symbolic links as if they were normal files or directories. In extract mode this means
that a directory entry in the archive will not overwrite an existing symbolic link, but rather
what the link ultimately points to.
-I file
This is a positional argument which reads the names of files to archive or extract from the given
file, one per line.
-J Use the xz utility to compress the archive.
-j Use the bzip2 utility to compress the archive.
-L Synonym for the -h option.
-M flag
Configure the archive normaliser. flag is either a numeric value compatible to strtonum(3) which
is directly stored in the flags word, or one of the following values, optionally prefixed with
“no-” to turn them off:
inodes 0x0001: Serialise inodes, zero device info.
(cpio, sv4cpio, sv4crc)
links 0x0002: Store content of hard links only once.
(cpio, sv4cpio, sv4crc)
mtime 0x0004: Zero out the file modification time.
(ar, cpio, sv4cpio, sv4crc, ustar)
uidgid 0x0008: Set owner to 0:0 (root:wheel).
(ar, cpio, sv4cpio, sv4crc, ustar)
verb 0x0010: Debug this option.
debug 0x0020: Debug file header storage.
lncp 0x0040: Extract hard links by copy if link fails.
numid 0x0080: Use only numeric uid and gid values.
(ustar)
gslash 0x0100: Append a slash after directory names.
(ustar)
set 0x0003: Keep ownership and mtime intact.
dist 0x008B: Clean everything except mtime.
norm 0x008F: Clean everything.
root 0x0089: Clean owner and device information.
When creating an archive and verbosely listing output, these normalisation operations are not
reflected in the output, because they are made only after the output has been shown.
This option is only implemented for the ar, cpio, sv4cpio, sv4crc, and ustar file format writing
routines.
-m Do not preserve modification time.
-N Same as -M numid.
-O If reading, extract files to standard output.
If writing, write old-style (non-POSIX) archives.
-o If writing, write old-style (non-POSIX) archives. Don't write directory information that the
older (V7) style tar is unable to decode.
-P For security reasons, paxtar skips pathnames containing dotdot (“..”) components and strips
leading slashes (‘/’) from pathnames by default; this option disables that behaviour.
-p Preserve user and group ID as well as file mode regardless of the current umask(2). The setuid
and setgid bits are only preserved if the user and group ID could be preserved. Only meaningful
in conjunction with the -x flag.
-q Select the first archive member that matches each file operand. No more than one archive member
is matched for each file. When members of type directory are matched, the file hierarchy rooted
at that directory is also matched.
-s replstr
Modify the archive member names according to the substitution expression replstr, using the
syntax of the ed(1) utility regular expressions. file arguments may be given to restrict the
list of archive members to those specified.
The format of these regular expressions is
/old/new/[gp]
As in ed(1), old is a basic regular expression (see re_format(7)) and new can contain an
ampersand (‘&’), ‘\n’ (where n is a digit) back-references, or subexpression matching. The old
string may also contain newline characters. Any non-null character can be used as a delimiter
(‘/’ is shown here). Multiple -s expressions can be specified. The expressions are applied in
the order they are specified on the command line, terminating with the first successful
substitution.
The optional trailing g continues to apply the substitution expression to the pathname substring,
which starts with the first character following the end of the last successful substitution. The
first unsuccessful substitution stops the operation of the g option. The optional trailing p
will cause the final result of a successful substitution to be written to standard error in the
following format:
original-pathname >> new-pathname
File or archive member names that substitute to the empty string are not selected and will be
skipped.
-v Verbose operation mode. If -v is specified multiple times or if the -t option is also specified,
paxtar will use a long format for listing files, similar to ls(1) -l.
-w Interactively rename files. This option causes paxtar to prompt the user for the filename to use
when storing or extracting files in an archive.
-X Do not cross mount points in the filesystem.
-Z Use the compress(1) utility to compress the archive.
-z Use the gzip(1) utility to compress the archive.
The options [-014578] can be used to select one of the compiled-in backup devices, /dev/rstN.
ENVIRONMENT
TMPDIR Path in which to store temporary files.
TAPE Default tape device to use instead of /dev/rst0. If set to hyphen (‘-’) standard output is
used.
FILES
/dev/rst0 default archive name
EXIT STATUS
The paxtar utility exits with one of the following values:
0 All files were processed successfully.
1 An error occurred.
EXAMPLES
Create an archive on the default tape drive, containing the files named bonvole and sekve:
$ paxtar c bonvole sekve
Output a gzip(1) compressed archive containing the files bonvole and sekve to a file called
foriru.tar.gz:
$ paxtar zcf foriru.tar.gz bonvole sekve
Verbosely create an archive, called backup.tar.gz, of all files matching the shell glob(7) function *.c:
$ paxtar zcvf backup.tar.gz *.c
Verbosely list, but do not extract, all files ending in .jpeg from a compressed archive named
backup.tar.gz. Note that the glob pattern has been quoted to avoid expansion by the shell:
$ paxtar tvzf backup.tar.gz '*.jpeg'
For more detailed examples, see pax(1).
DIAGNOSTICS
Whenever paxtar cannot create a file or a link when extracting an archive or cannot find a file while
writing an archive, or cannot preserve the user ID, group ID, file mode, or access and modification times
when the -p option is specified, a diagnostic message is written to standard error and a non-zero exit
value will be returned, but processing will continue. In the case where paxtar cannot create a link to a
file, unless -M lncp is given, paxtar will not create a second copy of the file.
If the extraction of a file from an archive is prematurely terminated by a signal or error, paxtar may
have only partially extracted the file the user wanted. Additionally, the file modes of extracted files
and directories may have incorrect file bits, and the modification and access times may be wrong.
If the creation of an archive is prematurely terminated by a signal or error, paxtar may have only
partially created the archive, which may violate the specific archive format specification.
SEE ALSO
ar(1), cpio(1), pax(1), paxcpio(1), tar(1), deb(5)
HISTORY
A tar command first appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.
AUTHORS
Keith Muller at the University of California, San Diego. MirBSD extensions by mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>.
CAVEATS
The flags -AaJjLMNo are not portable to other implementations of tar where they may have a different
meaning or not exist at all. This implementation may have support for other non-standard options that
are undocumented because removal-inducing deprecation was issued. There is no option to select a
different output format from ustar or tar except -A, which selects ar; use the paxcpio(1) or pax(1)
front-ends for that.
BUGS
The pax file format is not yet supported.
MirBSD February 24, 2019 PAXTAR(1)